A transverse fixed axle assembly with mechanical linkage Ackerman steering

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of transverse fixed axle assembly of Ackerman steering is realized by mechanical linkage, belong to engineering vehicle chassis technical field.It is later axle transversely through shear box girder structure rigidly fixed to frame, and front axle is connected in frame by two springs;Rotating pair structure: it is symmetrically arranged at both ends of axle body, and contains embedded heavy load bearing;Knuckle arm: one end is hinged to axle body by rotating pair structure, and the other end is connected to steering drag link;Steering drag link: one end away from rotating pair structure is connected with steering cylinder;The steering drag link of front axle and the steering drag link of rear axle are X-shaped cross hinged, so that the front and rear wheel axis intersection converges in instantaneous steering center when steering.The utility model can reduce the wear and tear and skid of tire, ensure steering precision with pure mechanical structure, avoid the risk of failure of electric control system, and is suitable for mining truck, port crane and other heavy equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chassis structure for heavy engineering vehicles, specifically to a lateral fixed axle assembly that achieves Ackerman steering through mechanical linkage, and is particularly suitable for equipment such as ten-ton mining dump trucks and mobile cranes. Background Technology

[0002] Existing heavy-duty vehicle steering systems have three major flaws: Insufficient lateral stability: Ordinary axles lack shear-resistant structures, and under heavy load conditions, lateral displacement of the axle leads to uneven tire wear (e.g., the lateral deformation of the ZL50 loader axle reaches 6mm). Poor steering accuracy: Non-Ackermann steering mechanisms (such as parallel trapezoidal structures) cause steering angle errors between the inner and outer wheels to exceed 10°, resulting in tire slippage; The electronic control system is complex: Patent CN201810345678 uses electro-hydraulic servo compensation for Ackerman angle, which has a high failure rate and costs over 500,000 yuan.

[0003] In general, heavy-duty vehicle axles have limitations in steering. Traditional engineering vehicle axles mostly use rigid steering tie rods, which are prone to unilateral wear under heavy loads. Furthermore, the steering process cannot accurately follow Ackermann geometry, resulting in a tire slip ratio greater than 15%.

[0004] Dual-axle coordination is insufficient: Dual-front-axle vehicles need to meet the inter-axle turning angle coordination equation L1 / tanα1 = L2 / tanα2, but the existing mechanical trapezoidal mechanism has an error of ±5°, resulting in a 30% increase in turning radius. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the serious problems of poor steering flexibility and tire wear in existing heavy-duty vehicle axles, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a lateral fixed axle assembly that achieves Ackermann steering through mechanical linkage. This assembly can reduce tire wear and slippage, ensure steering accuracy with a purely mechanical structure, avoid the risk of electronic control system failure, and is suitable for heavy equipment such as mining trucks and port cranes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A lateral fixed axle assembly that achieves Ackermann steering through mechanical linkage, comprising: The main body of the axle: its rear axle is rigidly fixed to the frame laterally through a shear box girder structure, and the front axle is connected to the frame through two springs; Rotary joint structure: It is symmetrically located at both ends of the axle body and includes embedded heavy-duty bearings; Steering knuckle arm: One end of it is hinged to the axle body through a rotary joint structure, and the other end is connected to the steering tie rod; Steering tie rod: Its end away from the rotary joint structure is connected to the steering cylinder; The steering tie rods of the front axle and the rear axle are hinged in an X-shape, so that the intersection of the front and rear wheel axles converges at the instantaneous steering center when steering.

[0007] Optionally, the rotary joint structure includes an embedded heavy-duty bearing and a flange-type sealing seat. The embedded heavy-duty bearing restricts the radial degree of freedom through the positioning cylindrical surface of the flange-type sealing seat. The dynamic load coefficient of the embedded heavy-duty bearing is ≥4.0, and the allowable steering angle is ±30°.

[0008] Optionally, the shear-resistant box girder structure is welded from two layers of 16Mn steel plates and connected to the vehicle frame via tapered shear bolt groups, with a bolt preload of ≥300kN.

[0009] Optionally, the hinge point between the steering knuckle arm and the steering tie rod is located outside the rotary joint structure, and the horizontal offset distance D satisfies D = 0.15B, where B is the center distance between the left and right rotary joint structures.

[0010] Optionally, a screw plug is installed on the axle body.

[0011] Optionally, the steering cylinder is installed in the middle of the axle body of the vehicle axle body.

[0012] Furthermore, the steering cylinder has two oil inlets, left and right, and can achieve left and right steering by controlling oil to enter at one end and exit at the other end.

[0013] Furthermore, the bridge body is equipped with brake exhaust nozzles and bridge vent nozzles.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a lateral fixed axle assembly that achieves Ackerman steering through mechanical linkage, which is suitable for heavy equipment such as mining trucks and excavators.

[0015] The axle assembly has the side with the steering tie rod facing inwards, so that the intersection lines of the front and rear steering knuckle arms converge at a single instantaneous center, maintaining steering stability and reducing tire wear and slippage.

[0016] This axle assembly uses a purely mechanical structure to ensure steering accuracy and avoids the risk of electronic control system failure, making it suitable for heavy equipment such as mining trucks and port cranes.

[0017] The axle assembly is designed based on the Ackermann formula cotβ - cotα = B / L to determine the relationship between the inner and outer wheel rotation angles. The front and rear axle dual-axle system synchronously satisfies the inter-axle coordination equation L1 / tanα1 = L2 / tanα2 (L1 and L2 are wheelbase parameters). Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of this application and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-steering knuckle arm; 2-steering tie rod; 3-screw plug; 4-first steering oil inlet; 5-brake vent; 6-steering cylinder; 7-bridge vent; 8-second steering oil inlet; 9-bridge body; 10-swivel joint structure; 11-shear box girder structure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate this utility model.

[0021] A lateral fixed axle assembly that achieves Ackermann steering through mechanical linkage, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes: The main body of the axle: its rear axle is rigidly fixed to the frame laterally through the shear box girder structure 11, and the front axle is connected to the frame through two springs; Rotary joint structure 10: It is symmetrically located at both ends of the axle body and includes embedded heavy-duty bearings; Steering knuckle arm 1: One end of it is hinged to the axle body through a rotary joint structure 10, and the other end is connected to one end of the steering tie rod 2; Steering tie rod 2: Its other end, away from the rotary joint structure 10, is connected to the steering cylinder; Steering cylinder 6: It is installed in the middle of the axle body 9 of the axle body; The steering tie rod 2 of the front axle and the steering tie rod 2 of the rear axle are X-shaped cross-hinged, so that the intersection of the front and rear wheel axles converges at the instantaneous steering center when steering.

[0022] In this utility model, a screw plug 3 is installed on the axle body. The screw plug serves two purposes: first, to add gear oil or lubricating oil to the differential gear located inside the axle body, and to discharge old oil when replacing impurity oil; second, to allow air to pass through and measure pressure.

[0023] In this utility model, both the brake vent 5 and the axle vent 7 are installed on the axle body 9. Both the brake vent 5 and the axle vent 7 are for venting air mixed in the oil circuit, reducing the impact of air bubbles, and extending the service life of the brake pads.

[0024] In this utility model, the steering cylinder 6 has two oil inlets, namely the first steering oil inlet 4 and the second steering oil inlet 8. A reversing valve is installed in the steering control oil circuit. The left and right positions of the reversing valve control the change of the oil inlet. The left and right steering is achieved by controlling the oil inlet to one end and the oil outlet to the other end.

[0025] In this utility model, the rotary pair structure 10 includes an embedded heavy-duty bearing and a flange-type sealing seat. The embedded heavy-duty bearing restricts the radial degree of freedom by cooperating with the positioning cylindrical surface of the flange-type sealing seat. The dynamic load coefficient of the embedded heavy-duty bearing is ≥4.0, and the allowable steering angle is ±30°.

[0026] In this utility model, the shear-resistant box girder structure 11 is welded from two layers of 16Mn steel plates and is connected to the vehicle frame through a tapered shear bolt group with a bolt preload force ≥300kN.

[0027] In this invention, the hinge point between the steering knuckle arm 1 and the steering tie rod 2 is located outside the rotary joint structure 10 (the axis of motion rotation of the rotary joint structure), and the horizontal offset distance D satisfies D = 0.15B, where B is the center distance between the left and right rotary joint structures.

[0028] In this invention, the inner and outer wheel rotation angle relationship is designed based on the Ackermann formula cotβ - cotα = B / L, and the front and rear axle dual-axle system synchronously satisfies the inter-axle coordination equation L1 / tanα1 = L2 / tanα2 (L1 and L2 are wheelbase parameters).

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides a brief overview of the working process of a lateral fixed axle assembly that achieves Ackermann steering through mechanical linkage: The axle body is connected to the chassis. The rotating joint structures 10 at both ends of the axle body are hinged to the steering tie rods 2. In actual installation, the front and rear axles are installed together, with the side containing the steering tie rods 2 facing inwards. This ensures that the intersection lines of the front and rear steering knuckle arms 1 converge at a single instantaneous center, maintaining steering stability and reducing tire wear and slippage. This axle assembly ensures steering accuracy with a purely mechanical structure, avoiding the risk of electronic control system failure, and is suitable for heavy equipment such as mining trucks and port cranes.

[0030] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any transformations or substitutions that can be understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage, characterized in that, include: The main body of the axle: its rear axle is rigidly fixed to the frame laterally through a shear box girder structure, and the front axle is connected to the frame through two springs; Rotary joint structure: It is symmetrically located at both ends of the axle body and includes embedded heavy-duty bearings; Steering knuckle arm: One end of it is hinged to the axle body through a rotary joint structure, and the other end is connected to the steering tie rod; Steering tie rod: Its end away from the rotary joint structure is connected to the steering cylinder; The steering tie rods of the front axle and the rear axle are hinged in an X-shape, so that the intersection of the front and rear wheel axles converges at the instantaneous steering center when steering.

2. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating pair structure includes an embedded heavy-duty bearing and a flange-type sealing seat. The embedded heavy-duty bearing restricts the radial degree of freedom through the positioning cylindrical surface of the flange-type sealing seat. The dynamic load coefficient of the embedded heavy-duty bearing is ≥4.0, and the allowable steering angle is ±30°.

3. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shear-resistant box girder structure is welded from two layers of 16Mn steel plates and is connected to the vehicle frame via tapered shear bolt groups with a bolt preload of ≥300kN.

4. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hinge point between the steering knuckle arm and the steering tie rod is located on the outside of the rotary joint structure, and the horizontal offset distance D satisfies D=0.15B, where B is the center distance between the left and right rotary joint structures.

5. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The axle body is equipped with a screw plug.

6. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steering cylinder is installed in the middle of the axle body of the vehicle axle.

7. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The steering cylinder has two oil inlets, left and right, and can achieve left and right steering by controlling oil to enter at one end and exit at the other end.

8. The lateral fixed axle assembly for Ackermann steering via mechanical linkage as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The bridge body is equipped with brake exhaust nozzles and bridge vent nozzles.

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