Efficient unhooking device and unhooking system for railway hump train disassembly

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of efficient unhooking device and unhooking system of railway hump train decomposition, belong to unhooking equipment technical field, including base and drag hook mechanism, base structure has bayonet, drag hook mechanism is set in base, drag hook mechanism includes swing mechanism, swing mechanism includes swing piece and reset spring, swing piece is rotatably connected in base, for the opening of opening and shielding bayonet;Swing piece structure has first limit part, base structure has second limit part, one end of reset spring is constrained to swing piece, the other end is constrained to base;When first limit part abuts on second limit part, swing piece is in initial position, and the opening of shielding bayonet, when swing piece rotates from initial position to bayonet, the spring potential energy of reset spring increases;The unhooking device of the present application, not only can more simply, quickly hook up hook lifting rod, to effectively improve unhooking efficiency, but also can prevent accidental unhooking, to improve the success rate of unhooking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of uncoupling equipment technology, specifically to a high-efficiency uncoupling device and uncoupling system for disassembling railway humpback trains. Background Technology

[0002] In railway systems, the coupler is a crucial component connecting two carriages. Couplers are typically equipped with an unlocking mechanism, which is usually connected to a coupler lifting rod. The coupler lifting rod is typically positioned laterally on the end beam of the carriage, and it is used to unlock the coupler, allowing the carriages to separate. Existing coupler lifting rods generally consist of a straight section and a drooping section, forming an L-shaped structure, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 As shown, the ends of the carriage are usually equipped with lugs that are adapted to the hook lifting rod. The lugs are used to support and limit the hook lifting rod. The conventional steps for uncoupling are: first, lift the hook lifting rod upward to unlock it, so that the hook lifting rod can rotate. Then drive the hook lifting rod to rotate upward. By rotating the hook lifting rod, the coupler is unlocked, and the uncoupling effect is achieved. Finally, the coupler is disengaged from the hook lifting rod.

[0003] At the dismantling site of railway humpback trains, uncoupling equipment is usually needed to assist in the dismantling of the train. Uncoupling equipment is a device used to realize the automatic uncoupling of trains. For example, Chinese patent CN 118810854A discloses an uncoupling device. Existing uncoupling equipment is usually equipped with a hook for hooking the hook lifting rod. The hook is usually constructed as an L-shaped hook structure and is usually set on a robotic arm. The robotic arm drives the hook to complete the uncoupling work. When using existing uncoupling equipment for uncoupling operations, the hook must first hook onto the lower section of the hook lifting rod before the hook can drive the lower section of the hook lifting rod to rotate upwards to unlock the coupler. Due to the structural limitations of the existing hook, during the uncoupling process, the robotic arm needs to drive the hook to make multiple translations to get it behind the lower section of the hook lifting rod and hook onto it. In this process, the hook's movement path is relatively complex, and it is also necessary to prevent the hook from colliding during the movement, resulting in a long time required and low efficiency, which in turn makes it difficult to improve the overall uncoupling efficiency. In addition, due to the structural limitations of the existing hook, the hook is prone to disengagement during the rotation of the hook lifting rod, affecting the success rate of uncoupling, which urgently needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a hook removal device, which can not only hook the lower section of the hook rod more easily and quickly, thereby effectively improving efficiency, but also helps to prevent accidental disengagement, thus improving the success rate of hook removal.

[0005] A high-efficiency uncoupling device for dismantling railway humpback trains includes a base for support and a hook mechanism. The front end of the base has a bayonet, with the opening of the bayonet facing the front end of the base. The hook mechanism is disposed on the base and includes a swing mechanism, which includes a swing element and a return spring. The swing element is rotatably connected to the base and is used to open and close the opening of the bayonet. The swing element has a first limiting part, and the base has a second limiting part adapted to the first limiting part. One end of the return spring is constrained to the swing element, and the other end is constrained to the base. When the first limiting part abuts against the second limiting part, the swing element is in its initial position and closes the opening of the bayonet. When the swing element rotates from the initial position into the bayonet, the spring potential energy of the return spring increases. In this solution, a latch is constructed at the front end of the base, with the opening of the latch facing the front end of the base. A swing mechanism is configured to open and close the latch opening. This allows the hook-up lever to be hooked directly by squeezing the drooping section without requiring complex translational movements of the hook-up device. This is not only very fast and efficient but also significantly reduces the risk of collision with the vehicle. Furthermore, once the drooping section is engaged in the latch, it is completely confined within the latch, reducing the likelihood of accidental disengagement during subsequent hooking and unlocking processes, thus ensuring a high success rate for hook removal.

[0006] To improve the speed at which the hook rod engages in the bayonet, the outer part of the swing member that contacts the hook rod is further designated as the outer contact surface, which is either flat or curved. When the swing member is in its initial position, the outer contact surface is inclined along the length of the base. During the hook removal process, the swing member rotates at a smaller angle, which facilitates a faster engagement of the hook rod's drooping section into the bayonet.

[0007] Furthermore, the part of the swing member that can contact the hook lifting rod is the inner contact surface, which is a plane or an arc-shaped surface.

[0008] Preferably, the base is further provided with a mounting structure for connecting the robotic arm, so as to facilitate installation and assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the reset spring is a torsion spring, a tension spring, or a compression spring.

[0010] Preferably, the swinging member is rotatably connected to the base via a hinge shaft, and the return spring is a torsion spring, which is sleeved on the hinge shaft. One end of the torsion spring is constrained to the swinging member, and the other end of the torsion spring is constrained to the base.

[0011] Preferably, the base includes a seat body and two support arms disposed at the front end of the seat body, the bayonet is constructed between the two support arms, the swing member is rotatably disposed on the support arm, and the second limiting part is disposed on the support arm.

[0012] Preferably, the two support arms are arranged parallel to each other to form a more regular bayonet structure.

[0013] Preferably, the support arm has a hinge hole and includes a lower arm and an upper arm disposed above the lower arm. The lower arm and the upper arm are parallel to each other and have a gap between them. One side of the swing member has an upper lug and a lower lug, each with a hinge hole. There is an inner cavity between the upper lug and the lower lug for installing a return spring. The thickness of the swing member is less than the height of the gap. A return spring, which is a torsion spring, is disposed in the cavity between the upper lug and the lower lug. The upper lug and the lower lug are inserted into the gap of the support arm, and the swing member is rotatably connected to the support arm through a hinge shaft that adapts to the hinge hole.

[0014] Preferably, the front end of the support arm is located outside the swing member. The front ends of the two support arms can act as a limit, and the lower section of the hook lifting rod can be easily inserted into the slot by simply engaging the lower section between the two support arms. This is very convenient and can effectively prevent the lower section from slipping out of the slot opening and thus failing to engage smoothly.

[0015] In some designs, the hook mechanism includes a swing mechanism in which the swing element is rotatably connected to one of the support arms.

[0016] To further improve the efficiency of hooking the drooping segment, the hook mechanism further includes two swing mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the latch. In the initial position, the two swing mechanisms jointly block the opening of the latch. Compared to using a single swing mechanism, the rotation amplitude of the swing mechanism is smaller during the process of the drooping segment engaging the latch. On the one hand, this allows the drooping segment to engage the latch faster and more efficiently, achieving the goal of hooking the drooping segment more quickly; on the other hand, the spring force of the return spring that needs to be overcome during the process of the drooping segment engaging the latch is smaller, making the engagement process less strenuous and easier.

[0017] To further address the issue of slippage, when both swing components in the two swing mechanisms are in their initial positions, the outer contact surfaces of the two swing components form a V-shape, U-shape, or arc shape. This serves to position, guide, and direct the mechanism, allowing the drooping section to adaptively engage between the two swing components and into the locking slot during the unhooking process. This facilitates a faster and more precise engagement, preventing slippage.

[0018] Furthermore, when the swinging components in both swinging mechanisms are in their initial positions, the inner contact surfaces on the inner sides of the two swinging components form a V-shape, a U-shape, or an arc shape.

[0019] To address the issue of faster disengagement of the hook-removing device from the hook rod, the support arm is further rotatably connected to the base via a hinge shaft. A locking mechanism is also included, comprising a guide rod, a first adsorption component mounted on the base, and a second adsorption component mounted on the guide rod. The base has a guide hole adapted to the guide rod, and the guide rod forms a sliding pair with the base along the length of the base through the guide hole. The front end of the guide rod is drively connected to the rear end of the support arm. When the swinging component is in its initial position, the first adsorption component contacts the second adsorption component, which unlocks and locks the first adsorption component. In this design, when the second adsorption component unlocks the first adsorption component, the support arm is unlocked. When the swinging component is subjected to outward pressure from the drooping section, the swinging component and the support arm can rotate outward around the hinge point of the support arm, automatically opening the latch. This allows the drooping section of the hook rod to quickly disengage from the hook-removing device, achieving a more efficient disengagement and significantly improving the overall efficiency of the disengagement process.

[0020] Furthermore, a compression spring is fitted onto the outside of the guide rod. One end of the compression spring abuts against the base, and the other end abuts against the guide rod or the second adsorption component. When the guide rod moves away from the first adsorption component, the elastic potential energy of the compression spring increases. In this design, by configuring the compression spring, an automatic reset function can be achieved, allowing for quick re-hooking operations.

[0021] To address the issue of improving unlocking speed, preferably, the first adsorption component is an electromagnet, and the second adsorption component can be a metal block. When the first adsorption component is energized, it generates attraction, thereby securely adsorbing the second adsorption component and locking it. When the first adsorption component is de-energized, the attraction immediately disappears, allowing for rapid unlocking of the second adsorption component, which in turn unlocks the support arm simultaneously. This enables the support arm to rotate the swing component under external force.

[0022] A hook removal device includes a robotic arm, a controller, and the aforementioned hook removal mechanism. A base is mounted on the robotic arm, and the robotic arm is electrically connected to the controller to drive the hook removal mechanism to perform the hook removal action. This allows the hook removal mechanism to more easily and quickly hook the hook lifting rod during hook removal, thereby effectively improving the hook removal efficiency.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the efficient uncoupling device and uncoupling system for disassembling railway humpback trains provided by this utility model can not only hook the lower section of the hook lifting rod more easily and quickly, thereby effectively improving efficiency, but also helps to prevent accidental uncoupling, thus improving the success rate of uncoupling. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a partial structural diagram of the hook lifting rod at the end of the existing carriage.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. The swinging component is in the initial position, and the swinging component of the hook removal device is just touching the lower section.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. The hook removal device continues to move towards the lower section, and the swinging member is forced to start rotating. The solid line with arrows in the figure represents the moving direction of the hook removal device.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. The drooping section is completely inserted into the bayonet, and the swinging component has automatically returned to its initial position.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the front end of the support arm in a hook-removing device provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a swinging component provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram of the first limiting part in a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 1 of this utility model.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. The swinging component is in the initial position, and the swinging component of the hook removal device is just touching the lower section.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The hook removal device continues to move towards the lower section, and the two swinging parts separate from each other. The dotted line with arrows in the figure represents the moving direction of the hook removal device.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. The drooping section is completely inserted into the bayonet, and the swinging component has automatically returned to its initial position.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 3 of this utility model. The swinging component is in the initial position, and the drooping section is stuck in the bayonet.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a hook removal device provided in Embodiment 3 of this utility model. In the figure, the second adsorption component is in an unlocked state, the hook removal device moves away from the drooping section, and the support arm is forced to start rotating. The solid line with arrows in the figure represents the direction of movement of the hook removal device.

[0036] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Carriage; 11. Hook lifting rod; 12. Drooping section; 2. Base; 21. Seat; 22. Mounting hole; 23. Guide hole; 24. Support arm; 241. Lower arm; 242. Upper arm; 243. Gap; 245. Connecting column; 25. Bayonet; 251. Opening; 26. Second limiting part; 27. Hinge hole; 28. Strip hole; 29. ​​First adsorption component; 3. Swinging mechanism; 31. Swinging component; 32. Outer contact surface; 33. Inner contact surface; 34. Upper support ear; 35. Lower support ear; 36. Inner cavity; 37. First limiting part; 41. Torsion spring; 42. Compression spring; 5. Hinge shaft; 6. Guide rod; 61. Second adsorption component; 7. Transmission arm. Detailed Implementation Example 1

[0037] This embodiment provides an efficient uncoupling device for dismantling railway humpback trains, including a base 2 for support and a hook mechanism. The base 2 primarily supports the train and serves as the mounting foundation for other structures. The specific shape and structure of the base 2 can be determined according to actual needs. In practical use, the base 2 can be directly or indirectly connected to a robotic arm. Therefore, in a more complete embodiment, the rear end of the base 2 is further provided with an installation structure for connecting the robotic arm, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the mounting structure can be a mounting hole 22 (including but not limited to through holes, threaded holes, etc.) set in the base 2, a mounting post, a quick connector (or quick-change connector), etc., which makes it easier to quickly connect the robotic arm.

[0038] For ease of description, in this embodiment, the direction from the rear end of the base 2 to the front end of the base 2 is the length direction of the base 2.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the front end of the base 2 is provided with a latch 25, the opening 251 of which faces the front end of the base 2. The width of the latch 25 is greater than the outer diameter of the drooping section 12 in the hook lifting rod 11, and the width of the opening 251 is also greater than the outer diameter of the drooping section 12 in the hook lifting rod 11, so that during the hook removal process, the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 can be smoothly inserted into the latch 25 through the opening 251. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the latch 25 and the width of its opening 251 are the same, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0040] In implementation, the hook mechanism is mounted on the base 2. In this embodiment, the hook mechanism specifically includes a swing mechanism 3, such as... Figure 2As shown, the swing mechanism 3 includes a swing element 31 and a return spring. The swing element 31 is rotatably connected to the base 2 via a hinge shaft 5, giving the swing element 31 a degree of freedom to rotate relative to the base 2. In implementation, the swing element 31 can preferably be located at the front end of the base 2, and the hinge shaft 5 used to constrain the swing element 31 can preferably be located on the outside of the opening 251, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the swing member 31 can be rotated into the bayonet 25 so as to block the opening 251 of the bayonet 25.

[0041] In implementation, the swing member 31 is also equipped with a first limiting part 37, and correspondingly, the base 2 is equipped with a second limiting part 26 that matches the first limiting part 37; so that the rotation angle of the swing member 31 can be precisely limited by the cooperation of the first limiting part 37 and the second limiting part. Figure 2 As shown, one end of the return spring is constrained to the swing member 31, and the other end is constrained to the base 2. In actual use, when the swing member 31 rotates outward from the inside of the latch 25 towards the opening 251, the first limiting part 37 gradually approaches the second limiting part 26. When the first limiting part 37 abuts against the second limiting part 26, the swing member 31 rotates to its limit position and can no longer rotate outward. For ease of description, the position of the swing member 31 at this time is the initial position. At the initial position, the swing member 31 just blocks the opening 251 of the latch 25, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, this prevents the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 inside the bayonet 25 from detaching from the hook removal device through the opening 251 of the bayonet 25, thereby effectively preventing accidental detachment.

[0042] In this embodiment, as the swing member 31 rotates outward to its initial position, the elastic potential energy of the return spring gradually decreases. That is, as the swing member 31 rotates inward, the elastic potential energy of the return spring gradually increases. This allows the swing member 31 to automatically return to its initial position under the elastic force of the return spring during actual use. Thus, the return spring in this embodiment functions to reset the swing member 31. In implementation, the return spring can be a tension spring (i.e., a stretching spring), a compression spring (i.e., a compression spring), or a torsion spring 41. For example, ... Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the return spring is a torsion spring 41. The torsion spring 41 is sleeved on the hinge shaft 5. The torsion arm at one end of the torsion spring 41 is constrained to the swing member 31, and the torsion arm at the other end of the torsion spring 41 is constrained to the base 2. When the swing member 31 rotates inward under the action of an external force (such as the squeezing force applied to the swing member 31 by the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11), the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 41 gradually increases. When the external force disappears, the elastic potential energy of the torsion spring 41 is automatically released, and the swing member 31 is automatically reset to the initial position so as to automatically close the opening 251 of the bayonet 25 and prevent accidental disengagement.

[0043] Since the swing member 31 exactly blocks the opening 251 of the latch 25 at the initial position, the part of the swing member 31 that can contact the hook lifting rod 11 is the outer contact surface 32. Figure 2 As shown, in implementation, the outer contact surface 32 can be constructed as a plane. When the swing member 31 is in the initial position, the outer contact surface 32 can be perpendicular to the length direction of the base 2, or it can be inclined to the length direction of the base 2. Especially when the outer contact surface 32 is inclined to the length direction of the base 2, during the hook removal process, when the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 contacts and presses the outer contact surface 32, the rotation angle of the swing member 31 is smaller, which is conducive to making the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 more quickly snap into the bayonet 25. In addition, in implementation, the outer contact surface 32 can also be constructed as an arc surface, which can also play a role in guiding the drooping section 12 to quickly snap into the bayonet 25.

[0044] When the swing member 31 is in its initial position, the portion of the inner side of the swing member 31 that can contact the hook lifting rod 11 is the inner contact surface 33, such as... Figure 2 or Figure 3 As shown, in practice, the inner contact surface 33 can be constructed as a planar surface or an arc-shaped surface.

[0045] It is understood that, in order to achieve the rotatable connection of the swing member 31, in a specific embodiment, the swing member 31 and the base 2 are respectively constructed with hinge holes 27 adapted to the hinge shaft 5. The hinge shaft 5 passes through the hinge holes 27 in sequence to achieve the rotatable connection between the swing member 31 and the base 2. In implementation, the hinge shaft 5 can be a pin, bolt, screw, or rotating shaft, etc.

[0046] In this embodiment, the base 2 includes a seat 21 and two support arms 24 disposed at the front end of the seat 21. The two support arms 24 can be arranged parallel to each other. The support arms 24 are mainly used to install the swing member 31, and the bayonet 25 is formed between the two support arms 24. Figures 2-4 As shown. In implementation, the support arm 24 can be implemented using existing structures; the support arm 24 can be installed on the base 21, or it can be integrally formed with the base 21; in this embodiment, the support arm 24 includes a lower arm 241 and an upper arm 242 disposed above the lower arm 241, as shown. Figure 5 As shown, the lower arm 241 and the upper arm 242 are parallel to each other, and there is a gap 243 between the lower arm 241 and the upper arm 242, as shown. Figure 5 As shown; the front end of the support arm 24 is also provided with a connecting post 245 connecting the lower arm 241 and the upper arm 242. Of course, in implementation, connecting posts 245 can also be provided at other positions between the lower arm 241 and the upper arm 242, which can both achieve the weight reduction of the support arm 24 and improve the load-bearing capacity of the support arm 24, thereby improving reliability. Figure 5As shown, one of the support arms 24 is constructed with a hinge hole 27, which passes through the upper arm 242 and the lower arm 241; correspondingly, one side of the swing member 31 is constructed with an upper lug 34 and a lower lug 35, as shown. Figure 6 As shown, the upper support ear 34 and the lower support ear 35 are respectively constructed with hinge holes 27. An inner cavity 36 for installing a return spring is located between the upper support ear 34 and the lower support ear 35. The thickness of the swing member 31 is constructed to be less than the height of the gap 243, allowing the upper support ear 34 and the lower support ear 35 to be inserted into the support arm 24. During assembly, a torsion spring 41 is installed in the cavity between the upper support ear 34 and the lower support ear 35. The upper support ear 34 and the lower support ear 35 are inserted into the gap 243 of the support arm 24. The four hinge holes 27 are coaxial, and the hinge shaft 5 passes through each hinge hole 27 in sequence, realizing a rotatable connection between the swing member 31 and the support arm 24. Simultaneously, as... Figure 6 As shown, the outer sides of the upper support lug 34 and the lower support lug 35 are respectively constructed with protrusions, and the two protrusions together form the first limiting part 37. Correspondingly, the second limiting part 26 is disposed on the outer side of the support arm 24 and is respectively connected to the upper arm 242 and the lower arm 241, as shown. Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, in order to cooperate with the first limiting part 37, the torsion arm of the torsion spring 41 abuts against the second limiting part 26 and the swing member 31, making the structure of the front end of the hook-unhooking device more compact and lighter, which helps to reduce the load on the robotic arm. Figure 2 As shown, when the swing member 31 is in its initial position, the end of the swing member 31 facing away from the hinge hole 27 can be inserted into the gap 243 of the other support arm 24, thereby effectively preventing disengagement; at the same time, the front end of the support arm 24 is located outside the swing member 31, as shown. Figure 2 As shown, this serves to position and limit the movement. In actual use, simply insert the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 into the two support arms 24. This will allow the lower section 12 to be smoothly inserted into the slot 25, which is very convenient and can effectively prevent the lower section 12 from slipping out of the opening 251 of the slot 25, thus preventing it from being smoothly inserted into the slot 25.

[0047] This hook removal device is installed at the end of the robotic arm in the hook removal system. The robotic arm drives the hook removal device to perform the hook removal action. In actual use, the robotic arm only needs to drive the opening 251 at the front end of the hook removal device to correspond to the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11. At this time, the swinging member 31 at the front end is also aligned with the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11. Then, the robotic arm drives the hook removal device to move closer to the lower section 12. Figure 2 As shown, the swing member 31 at the front end of the hook-removing device (the outer contact surface 32 of the swing member 31) contacts and presses against the drooping section 12 (the drooping section 12 remains stationary). Under the action of pressure, the swing member 31 gradually rotates inward against the elastic force of the return spring, as shown. Figure 3As shown, this allows the drooping section 12 to directly engage with the front end slot 25 of the hook-removing device. After the drooping section 12 passes through the swing member 31, the pressure of the drooping section 12 on the swing member 31 disappears, and the swing member 31 automatically returns to its initial position under the elastic force of the return spring, thus automatically closing the opening 251 of the slot 25. At this point, the drooping section 12 of the hook-lifting rod 11 is completely hooked by the hook-removing device. Figure 4 As shown; compared with the prior art, the unhooking device provided in this embodiment does not require driving the unhooking device to perform complex translational movements. It can directly hook the drooping section 12 by squeezing it, which is not only very fast and efficient, but also greatly reduces the risk of collision with the carriage 1; at the same time, after the drooping section 12 is engaged with the latch 25, the drooping section 12 is completely limited and constrained within the latch 25, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, during the subsequent hooking and unlocking process, it is less likely to accidentally disengage, which helps to ensure the success rate of hook removal. Then, the robotic arm hooks the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 through the hook removal device (usually by using the inner contact surface 33 of the swing member 31 to contact the lower section 12), driving the lower section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 to rotate upward to unlock the car coupler. This process can be achieved using existing technology. After the hook removal is completed, the robotic arm can drive the hook removal device to move downward so as to disengage from the lower section 12 from below, completing one hook removal operation, so as to carry out other hook removal operations.

[0048] In a more refined embodiment, a lifting rod is also installed above the base 2. The length direction of the lifting rod is consistent with the length direction of the base 2, and the lifting rod is higher than the hook mechanism. After the hook-unhooking device hooks the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11, the straight section of the hook lifting rod 11 can be lifted upward using the lifting rod, thereby lifting the entire hook lifting rod 11 and achieving the purpose of unlocking the hook lifting rod 11. It is understood that the process of unlocking the hook lifting rod 11 can be achieved using existing technology, and will not be described in detail here. Example 2

[0049] The main difference between this embodiment 2 and the above embodiment 1 is that the hook-unhooking device provided in this embodiment includes two swing mechanisms 3, such as... Figure 8 As shown, two swing mechanisms 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bayonet 25. In actual use, the two swing members 31 in the two swing mechanisms 3 move synchronously. That is, the two swing members 31 can rotate inward synchronously under the squeezing action of the drooping section 12, so that the outer drooping section 12 can be more efficiently inserted into the bayonet 25. At the same time, the two swing members 31 can rotate outward synchronously under the elastic force of the return spring, so as to achieve the effect of synchronous reset.

[0050] In implementation, the structure of the swing mechanism 3 can be the same as that of the swing mechanism 3 in Embodiment 1. For example, Figures 8-10As shown, the two swing mechanisms 3 each include a swing element 31 and a return spring. The swing element 31 is rotatably connected to the front end of the base 2 via a hinge shaft 5, giving the swing element 31 a degree of freedom to rotate relative to the base 2. The hinge shaft 5 constraining the swing element 31 can preferably be located on the outside of the opening 251, such as... Figure 8 As shown, this allows the two swinging members 31 in the two swinging mechanisms 3 to rotate synchronously into the bayonet 25, so that the two swinging members 31 can jointly block and open the opening 251 of the bayonet 25. Compared with a single swinging mechanism 3, the rotation amplitude of the swinging member 31 is smaller during the process of the drooping section 12 engaging the bayonet 25 (from... Figure 3 and Figure 9 As can be seen from the comparison, on the one hand, it makes the downward segment 12 snap into the slot 25 faster and more efficient. On the other hand, the elastic force of the return spring that needs to be overcome during the process of the downward segment 12 snapping into the slot 25 is smaller. That is, the resistance during the process of the downward segment 12 snapping into the slot 25 is smaller, thus making the snapping process easier and less strenuous.

[0051] To prevent slippage, in a further embodiment, when both swing members 31 of the two swing mechanisms 3 are in their initial positions, the outer contact surfaces 32 of the two swing members 31 can form a V-shape, a U-shape, or an arc shape, such as... Figure 8 As shown, this design serves to position, guide, and direct the device, allowing the drooping section 12 to adaptively engage between the two swing members 31 during the unhooking process, and then engage with the latch 25 from between the two swing members 31. This facilitates a faster and more precise engagement, preventing slippage. When both swing members 31 of the two swing mechanisms 3 are in their initial positions, the inner contact surfaces 33 on the inner sides of the two swing members 31 can form a V-shape, a U-shape, or an arc shape, such as... Figure 8 As shown, during the hooking process, the lower section 12 of the guide hook lifting rod 11 is positioned between the two swinging members 31, as... Figure 10 As shown, the lower section 12 of the hook rod 11 is designed to be more stable, effectively preventing relative slippage between the two. Example 3

[0052] Existing hook removal devices require a robotic arm to control a complex translational operation when the hook needs to be disengaged from the hook lifting rod 11. This is not only time-consuming and inefficient, but also poses a risk of collision. To further improve the efficiency and safety of hook removal, the main difference between this embodiment 3 and the above embodiment 2 is that, in the hook removal device provided in this embodiment, the support arm 24 is not fixedly installed on the base 21, but is rotatably connected to the base 21 through the hinge shaft 5, allowing the support arm 24 to rotate relative to the base 21. Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown, the connection between the swing member 31 and the support arm 24 remains unchanged. That is, the swing member 31 in the swing mechanism 3 is still rotatably connected to the front end of the support arm 24 through the hinge shaft 5, so that the swing member 31 can rotate relative to the support arm 24. The second limiting part 26 can still be provided on the support arm 24 so as to form a limiting cooperation with the first limiting part 37 on the swing member 31.

[0053] In addition, this unhooking device also includes a locking mechanism, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the locking mechanism includes a guide rod 6, a first adsorption component 29 disposed on the base 21, and a second adsorption component 61 disposed on the guide rod 6. The base 21 is constructed with a guide hole 23 adapted to the guide rod 6. The guide rod 6 passes through the guide hole 23, and the guide rod 6 forms a sliding pair with the base 21 through the guide hole 23, so that the guide rod 6 can move linearly along the length direction of the base 2. The guide hole 23 is used to constrain the guide rod 6 and guide the guide rod 6; as Figure 11 As shown, the front end of the guide rod 6 is connected to the rear end of the support arm 24 via a transmission connection, enabling the guide rod 6 and the support arm 24 to move synchronously.

[0054] In use, the guide rod 6 drives the second adsorption component 61 to move synchronously, thereby changing the position of the guide rod 6 to adjust the position of the second adsorption component 61, thus changing the relative position of the first adsorption component 29 and the second adsorption component 61, so that the second adsorption component 61 can contact the first adsorption component 29 or move away from the first adsorption component 29; for example Figure 11 As shown, when the swing member 31 is in its initial position, the first adsorption component 29 is in contact with the second adsorption component 61. The second adsorption component 61 locks the first adsorption component 29, preventing the first adsorption component 29 from detaching from the second adsorption component 61, thus locking the swing member 31 and ensuring it remains stably in its initial position. When the second adsorption component 61 unlocks the first adsorption component 29, the support arm 24 is unlocked. When the swing member 31 is subjected to outward pressure from the drooping section 12, the swing member 31 and the support arm 24 can rotate outwards around the hinge point of the support arm 24. Figure 12 As shown, this automatically opens the opening 251 of the latch 25, allowing the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 to quickly detach from the unhooking device, achieving a more efficient unhooking effect and greatly improving the efficiency of the entire unhooking process. During this process, the rotation of the support arm 24 causes the guide rod 6 to move linearly away from the first adsorption component 29, causing the second adsorption component 61 to detach from the first adsorption component 29, as shown. Figure 12As shown. Therefore, in a more complete embodiment, a compression spring 42 is also sleeved on the outside of the guide rod. One end of the compression spring 42 abuts against the seat 21, and the other end abuts against the guide rod 6 or the second adsorption component 61 at the end of the guide rod 6. When the guide rod 6 moves away from the first adsorption component 29, the elastic potential energy of the compression spring 42 increases. After the unhooking is completed, the elastic potential energy of the compression spring 42 is automatically released, driving the swing component 31 to automatically return to the initial position, and the second adsorption component 61 automatically moves to the position of contacting the first adsorption component 29, thereby realizing the automatic reset function so as to quickly carry out the next unhooking operation.

[0055] In implementation, the first adsorption component 29 can preferably be an electromagnet, and correspondingly, the second adsorption component 61 can be an electromagnet or a metal block. Of course, the first adsorption component 29 can be a metal block, and the second adsorption component 61 can be an electromagnet, achieving the same effect. Figure 11 or Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the first adsorption component 29 can be an electromagnet, specifically a suction cup electromagnet, and the second adsorption component 61 is a metal block. When the first adsorption component 29 and the second adsorption component 61 are in contact with each other, and the first adsorption component 29 is energized, it can generate a suction force, thereby firmly adsorbing the second adsorption component 61 and achieving the purpose of locking the second adsorption component 61. When the first adsorption component 29 is de-energized, the suction force disappears, the second adsorption component 61 is unlocked, and the support arm 24 is unlocked simultaneously, so that the support arm 24 can drive the swing component 31 to rotate under the action of external force.

[0056] It is understandable that, in implementation, when the hook mechanism is configured with only one swing mechanism 3, it is sufficient to configure the corresponding support arm 24 as rotatable and connect it to the guide rod 6 for transmission. When the hook mechanism is configured with only two symmetrically arranged swing mechanisms 3, both support arms 24 are configured as rotatable and connected to the guide rod 6 respectively for transmission. For example, Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, two support arms 24 at the front end of the base 21 are rotatably mounted on the base 21. The rear ends of the support arms 24 are respectively provided with slots 28. Correspondingly, the front end of the guide rod 6 is provided with a hinge hole 27. In one embodiment, the hinge shaft 5 passes sequentially through the hinge hole 27 and the slot 28 of the support arm 24. The rotatable connection between the support arm 24 and the guide rod 6 is achieved by the cooperation of the hinge shaft 5 with the hinge hole 27 and the slot 28. In another embodiment, a transmission arm 7 is also included, such as... Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the front end of the transmission arm 7 is rotatably connected to the support arm 24 through the cooperation of the hinge shaft 5 and the slot 28, and the rear end of the transmission arm 7 is rotatably connected to the guide rod 6 through the hinge shaft 5.

[0057] In one embodiment, when the swing members 31 of both swing mechanisms 3 are in their initial positions, the inner contact surfaces 33 on the inner sides of the two swing members 31 can preferentially form a V-shape or an arc shape, such as... Figure 11 As shown, after unlocking, the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 can easily drive the swing member 31 and the support arm 24 to rotate synchronously by squeezing the inner contact surface 33 of the swing member 31, so that the opening 251 of the bayonet 25 opens, thereby allowing the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 to quickly disengage from the bayonet 25 and achieve separation from the hook removal device.

[0058] Compared to existing technologies, this hook removal device, upon completing the hook removal action and needing to detach from the hook lifting rod 11, first unlocks the second adsorption component 61. Then, the robotic arm simply needs to directly drive the hook removal device to move away from the hook lifting rod 11. At this time, the support arm 24 is unlocked. When the robotic arm drives the hook removal device to pull outward, the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 contacts and presses the inner contact surface 33 of the swing member 31. Under the pressure, the swing member 31 and the support arm 24 rotate outward synchronously. Figure 12 As shown, this allows the opening 251 of the bayonet 25 to open, so that the drooping section 12 of the hook lifting rod 11 can quickly disengage from the bayonet 25 without the need for complex translation operations. This is very fast and efficient, and the hook lifting rod 11 moves directly outward in a direction away from the hook lifting rod 11, greatly reducing the risk of collision and improving safety. Example 4

[0059] This embodiment provides a hook removal device, including a robotic arm, a controller, and the aforementioned hook removal mechanism. The base 21 in the base 2 can be detachably mounted to the robotic arm via fasteners. The robotic arm is electrically connected to the controller so that it can drive the hook removal mechanism to perform hook removal actions under the control of the controller. When an electromagnet is configured in the hook removal mechanism, the controller is electrically connected to the electromagnet to control the electromagnet's energization and de-energization, so as to complete the hook removal operation more efficiently.

[0060] In a more complete implementation, the unhooking device also includes a vehicle body, a vision positioning module, etc., with the robotic arm mounted on the vehicle body and the controller connected to both the vehicle body and the vision positioning module. In practice, the controller, robotic arm, and vision positioning module can all be implemented using existing technologies, which will not be elaborated here.

[0061] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway humpback trains, characterized in that, It includes a base and a hook mechanism. The front end of the base has a bayonet, and the opening of the bayonet faces the front end of the base. The hook mechanism is mounted on the base and includes a swing mechanism. The swing mechanism includes a swing element and a return spring. The swing element is rotatably connected to the base and is used to open and close the opening of the latch. The swing component has a first limiting part, and the base has a second limiting part that adapts to the first limiting part. One end of the return spring is constrained to the swinging component, and the other end is constrained to the base; When the first limiting part abuts against the second limiting part, the swing member is in the initial position and blocks the opening of the bayonet. When the swing member rotates from the initial position into the bayonet, the spring potential energy of the return spring increases.

2. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway humpback trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer part of the swing component that can contact the hook lifting rod is the outer contact surface, which is a plane or an arc surface; when the swing component is in the initial position, the outer contact surface is inclined to the length direction of the base.

3. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway humpback trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base is also provided with a mounting structure for connecting the robotic arm; The reset spring is a torsion spring, a tension spring, or a compression spring. The part of the swing member that can contact the hook lifting rod is the inner contact surface, which can be a plane or an arc surface.

4. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway humpback trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base includes a seat body and two support arms disposed at the front end of the seat body. The bayonet is constructed between the two support arms, and the swing member is rotatably disposed on the support arm.

5. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway hump trains according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two support arms are arranged parallel to each other; And / or, the support arm is constructed with a hinge hole, the support arm includes a lower arm and an upper arm disposed above the lower arm, the lower arm and the upper arm are parallel to each other, and there is a gap between the lower arm and the upper arm; one side of the swing member is constructed with an upper support ear and a lower support ear, the upper support ear and the lower support ear are respectively constructed with hinge holes, and there is an inner cavity for installing a return spring between the upper support ear and the lower support ear, the thickness of the swing member is less than the height of the gap; a return spring is installed in the cavity between the upper support ear and the lower support ear, the return spring is a torsion spring; the upper support ear and the lower support ear are inserted into the gap of the support arm, and the swing member is rotatably connected to the support arm through a hinge shaft adapted to the hinge hole; And / or, the hook mechanism includes a swing mechanism in which the swing element is rotatably connected to one of the support arms.

6. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway hump trains according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hook mechanism includes two swing mechanisms, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bayonet. In the initial position, the two swing mechanisms together block the opening of the bayonet.

7. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway hump trains according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the swinging components in both swinging mechanisms are in their initial positions, the outer contact surfaces of the two swinging components form a V-shape, a U-shape, or an arc shape. When the swinging components in both swinging mechanisms are in their initial positions, the inner contact surfaces of the two swinging components form a V-shape, a U-shape, or an arc shape.

8. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for dismantling railway hump trains according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, The support arm is rotatably connected to the base; it also includes a locking mechanism, which includes a guide rod, a first adsorption component disposed on the base, and a second adsorption component disposed on the guide rod. The base has a guide hole adapted to the guide rod, and the guide rod and the base form a sliding pair along the length of the base through the guide hole; the front end of the guide rod is drivenly connected to the rear end of the support arm; when the swinging component is in the initial position, the first adsorption component contacts the second adsorption component, and the second adsorption component is used to unlock and lock the first adsorption component.

9. The high-efficiency uncoupling device for disassembling railway hump trains according to claim 8, characterized in that, A compression spring is also fitted on the outside of the guide rod. One end of the compression spring abuts against the base and the other end abuts against the guide rod or the second adsorption component. When the guide rod moves away from the first adsorption component, the elastic potential energy of the compression spring increases. And / or, the first adsorption component is an electromagnet, and the second adsorption component can be a metal block.

10. A hook removal system, comprising a robotic arm and a controller, characterized in that, It also includes the hook removal device according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the base is mounted on the robotic arm, and the robotic arm is electrically connected to the controller for driving the hook removal device to perform the hook removal action.

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