Integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of integrated heat management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system, wherein, integrated heat management photovoltaic pavement structure includes from top to bottom sequentially laminated arrangement: protective layer, encapsulating material layer, photovoltaic cell layer, heat dissipation layer, heat insulation and support base layer, heat dissipation layer includes heat dissipation layer matrix and the microfluid channel network being arranged in heat dissipation layer matrix inside, the recess for accommodating photovoltaic cell in photovoltaic cell layer is reserved in heat dissipation layer matrix inside, the microfluid channel network includes main pipeline for accommodating cooling medium, branch line, main pipeline and branch line are in heat dissipation layer matrix inside Leaf Vein Imitation Bionic Fractal Structure distribution, by being arranged in heat dissipation layer matrix inside with photovoltaic cell backboard closely combined microfluid channel network, the problem that the uniformity of photovoltaic cell heat dissipation effect in photovoltaic pavement caused by prior art is lower is solved, and the uniformity of photovoltaic cell heat dissipation effect in photovoltaic pavement is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic pavement, and in particular to an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system. Background Technology

[0002] Amid the global push for "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" and the construction of smart cities, photovoltaic (PV) pavement technology, as an innovative distributed energy solution, utilizes the vast surface area of ​​roads to capture solar energy, enabling on-site power generation and consumption. It can provide green electricity for road lighting, traffic signal systems, and other applications, demonstrating enormous development potential. However, existing PV pavement technologies still have shortcomings. Prolonged exposure to sunlight, coupled with the significant heat generated and the resulting cover from the pavement material, leads to low heat dissipation efficiency. Under intense summer sunlight, the internal temperature of the enclosed pavement structure can easily soar to 60°C-80°C. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells is extremely sensitive to operating temperature, resulting in severe degradation of power generation performance. Prolonged high temperatures accelerate the aging of encapsulation materials, reduce light transmittance, and cause permanent degradation of power generation performance. PV pavements are multi-material composite structures with vastly different coefficients of thermal expansion. The mismatch between the layers due to thermal expansion and contraction generates significant thermal stress. This easily induces microcracks at material interfaces, which gradually propagate, ultimately leading to severe structural damage such as debonding of the encapsulation layer from the protective layer and microcracks in the solar cells. Because photovoltaic pavement is a completely closed layered structure, traditional monitoring methods can only obtain surface information and cannot reflect the true health status of the internal structure, especially the weak interlayer interfaces.

[0003] Currently, the industry has conducted relevant research on heat dissipation issues. For example, the utility model CN210007672U combines graphene film layer, heat generation device and photovoltaic block structure to improve the heat dissipation and heating capacity of photovoltaic blocks. However, the pipeline system adopts a simple loop, and the cooling medium is unevenly distributed in the block, which easily leads to local heat dissipation dead zones and affects the heat dissipation effect.

[0004] To address this problem, this invention provides an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system to solve the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model innovatively proposes an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system. By setting a microfluidic channel network inside the heat dissipation layer substrate that is tightly attached to the photovoltaic cell backsheet, the problem of low uniformity of heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement caused by the prior art is solved, and the uniformity of heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement is improved.

[0006] The first aspect of this utility model provides an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure, comprising, from top to bottom, a protective layer, an encapsulation material layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a heat insulation and support base layer, and further comprising a heat dissipation layer disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer and the heat insulation and support base layer. The heat dissipation layer includes a heat dissipation layer substrate and a microfluidic channel network disposed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The heat dissipation layer substrate has grooves reserved inside for accommodating photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell layer. The microfluidic channel network includes main pipelines and branch pipelines for accommodating cooling medium. The main pipelines and branch pipelines are distributed in a leaf vein-like fractal structure inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

[0007] Optionally, the main pipeline is disposed in the middle of the interior of the heat dissipation layer substrate, the cooling medium input ends of the branch pipelines are uniformly and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main pipeline, the cooling medium output ends of the branch pipelines are disposed at the edge of the heat dissipation layer substrate, and the cooling medium output ends of the branch pipelines are respectively connected to the cooling medium input ends of the main pipeline at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the height of the main pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, the height of the branch pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, and the height of the microfluidic channel network decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

[0009] Optionally, the heat dissipation layer substrate also includes a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor for acquiring the internal temperature and pressure of the heat dissipation layer body, wherein the distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor is uniformly distributed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

[0010] Optionally, a thermochromic film for auxiliary cooling is provided on the inner surface of the protective layer, and a periodic array of micro-nano structures is provided on the outer surface of the protective layer.

[0011] The second aspect of this utility model provides a photovoltaic pavement system, including several integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures as described in the first aspect. Different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures are spliced ​​together by photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural units. Each photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural unit includes a slide rail and a speed bump arranged from top to bottom, a buffer material layer for buffering the speed bump and the rubber reservoir, and a rubber reservoir for providing deformation and assisting longitudinal rebound. The speed bump is an integrated molding structure with an arc-shaped top and a rectangular bottom. The length of the speed bump corresponds to the width of the photovoltaic pavement joint. The slide rail is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the speed bump and the buffer material layer. The groove wall of the slide rail is covered with a wear-resistant layer to reduce the frictional resistance with the slide rail.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes a heat circulation network and a heat storage unit. The cooling medium input end of the heat circulation network is connected to the cooling medium output end of the heat storage unit. The cooling medium output end of the heat circulation network is connected to the cooling medium input end of the rubber storage tank. The cooling medium supply water output end of the rubber storage tank is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium output end of the main pipeline at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the heat storage unit.

[0013] Further, the heat circulation network includes a pump bypass valve, a pre-pump electric valve, a circulation pump, a post-pump electric valve, a first intermediate electric valve, a first-path pre-pump electric valve, a first-speed-bump post-electric valve, a second intermediate electric valve, a second-speed-bump post-electric valve, a second-path pre-pump electric valve, and a third-speed-bump post-electric valve. The cooling medium input end of the pump bypass valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the heat storage unit and the cooling medium input end of the pre-pump electric valve, respectively. The cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the post-pump electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the second-speed-bump post-electric valve, and the cooling medium input end of the second intermediate electric valve, respectively. The pre-pump electric valve... The cooling medium inlet is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the pump bypass valve and the cooling medium inlet of the heat storage unit, respectively. The cooling medium outlet of the pre-pump electric valve is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the circulating pump; the cooling medium outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the post-pump electric valve; the cooling medium outlet of the post-pump electric valve is connected to the cooling medium outlet of the pump bypass valve, the cooling medium inlet of the first intermediate electric valve, the cooling medium inlet of the second speed bump electric valve, and the cooling medium inlet of the second intermediate electric valve, respectively; the cooling medium inlet of the first intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium outlet of the pump bypass valve, the cooling medium outlet of the post-pump electric valve, and the second speed bump... The cooling medium input terminals of the rear electric valve and the second intermediate electric valve are connected by pipelines. The cooling medium output terminal of the first intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input terminals of the first front electric valve and the first rear electric valve after the speed bump, respectively. The cooling medium output terminal of the first front electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the main pipeline in the first integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet of the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium output terminal of the first rear electric valve after the speed bump is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet of the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium input terminal of the second intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the pump bypass valve. The cooling medium output end, the cooling medium output end of the pump downstream electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve, and the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve are connected to the pipelines. The cooling medium output end of the second intermediate electric valve is connected to the pipelines of the cooling medium input end of the second upstream electric valve and the cooling medium input end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve. The cooling medium input end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve is connected to the pipelines of the cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve, the cooling medium output end of the pump downstream electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the second intermediate electric valve, and the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve. The cooling medium output end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve is connected to the pipeline of the cooling medium input end of the rubber storage tank.The cooling medium output end of the second-path electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate; the cooling medium output end of the second-path electric valve after the speed bump is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

[0014] Furthermore, the thermal circulation network includes a first road surface return water electric valve and a second road surface return water electric valve. The cooling medium input end of the first road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline in the first integrated thermal management photovoltaic road surface structure at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, and the cooling medium output end of the first road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the thermal storage unit. The cooling medium input end of the second road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic road surface structure at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, and the cooling medium output end of the second road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the thermal storage unit.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes a heat-using device, wherein the heat source supply end of the heat-using device is connected to the heat source supply end pipeline of the heat storage unit, and the heat source recovery end of the heat-using device is connected to the heat source recovery end pipeline of the heat storage unit.

[0016] The technical solution adopted in this utility model has the following technical effects: 1. To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model innovatively proposes an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system. The heat dissipation layer includes a heat dissipation layer substrate and a microfluidic channel network disposed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The heat dissipation layer substrate has grooves reserved inside to accommodate photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell layer. The microfluidic channel network includes main pipelines and branch pipelines for accommodating cooling medium. The main pipelines and branch pipelines are distributed in a leaf vein-like fractal structure inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. By setting the microfluidic channel network inside the heat dissipation layer substrate that is closely attached to the photovoltaic cell backsheet, the problem of low uniformity of heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement caused by the prior art is solved, and the uniformity of heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement is improved.

[0017] 2. In the present invention, the height of the main pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, the height of the branch pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, and the height of the microfluidic channel network decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement.

[0018] 3. The heat dissipation layer substrate of this utility model also includes a distributed fiber optic grating sensor for acquiring the internal temperature and pressure of the heat dissipation layer body. The distributed fiber optic grating sensor is uniformly distributed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate and can capture the dynamic changes of health indicators such as stress, strain and temperature inside the structure in real time, providing a data foundation for realizing the construction of digital twin models of road surfaces and accurate early warning of early damage.

[0019] 4. In this utility model, a thermochromic film for auxiliary cooling is provided on the inner surface of the protective layer, and a periodic micro-nano structure array is provided on the outer surface of the protective layer. This can passively reduce the solar thermal radiation entering the system, thereby playing a role in auxiliary cooling and reducing the energy consumption of the active cooling system.

[0020] 5. In this utility model's technical solution, different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures are spliced ​​together through photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural units. Each photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural unit includes a slide rail and a speed bump arranged from top to bottom, a buffer material layer for buffering the speed bump and the rubber reservoir, and a rubber reservoir for providing deformation and assisting longitudinal rebound. The speed bump is an integrated molding structure with an arc-shaped top and a rectangular bottom, which can convert the physical crushing of the speed bump into auxiliary power for heat dissipation. It can stop using the variable frequency circulating pump to provide power for coolant circulation during peak traffic hours and periods of low load.

[0021] 6. The photovoltaic pavement system in this utility model also includes a heat circulation pipeline, a heat storage unit, and heat-using equipment. The cooling medium output end of the main pipeline at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate is connected to the cooling medium return water input end pipeline of the heat storage unit. The heat source supply end of the heat-using equipment is connected to the heat source supply end pipeline of the heat storage unit, and the heat source recovery end of the heat-using equipment is connected to the heat source recovery end pipeline of the heat storage unit. This can recover the waste heat generated during the power generation process and can be used for various purposes such as domestic hot water and summer cooling, realizing the combined power supply of solar energy and greatly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic pavement system.

[0022] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and explanatory, and do not limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the flow direction of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation layer in Embodiment 1 of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal circulation loop of the photovoltaic pavement system in Embodiment 2 of this utility model. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic road speed bump structure unit in Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0025] 1. Protective layer; 2. Thermochromic film; 3. Encapsulation material layer; 4. Heat dissipation layer; 5. Photovoltaic cell layer; 6. Microfluidic channel network; 7. Distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor; 8. Thermal insulation and support base layer; 9. Heat dissipation layer substrate; 61. Main pipe; 62. Branch pipe; 41. Quick-connect fitting; 001. Integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure; 002. Thermal circulation network; 003. Thermal storage unit; 004. Heat-using equipment; 101. Pump bypass valve; 102. Pump inlet electric valve; 103. Circulation pump; 104. Pump outlet electric valve; 105. First intermediate electric valve; 106. First road surface inlet electric valve; 107. First speed bump outlet electric valve; 108. Second intermediate electric valve; 109. Second speed bump outlet electric valve; 110. Second road surface inlet electric valve; 111. Third speed bump outlet electric valve; 112. Second road surface return water electric valve; 113. First road surface return water electric valve; 114. Heat-using equipment water supply electric valve; 115. Heat-using equipment water supply pump; 116. Heat-using equipment return water electric valve; 201. Speed ​​bump; 202. Buffer material; 203. Rubber liquid storage tank; 204. Slide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of the present invention. To simplify the disclosure of the present invention, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. This repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. It should be noted that the components illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques and processes are omitted to avoid unnecessarily limiting the present invention.

[0027] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure, including, from top to bottom, the following layers stacked sequentially: a protective layer 1, an encapsulation material layer 3, a photovoltaic cell layer 5, and a heat insulation and support base layer 8. It also includes a heat dissipation layer 4, which is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer 5 and the heat insulation and support base layer 8. The heat dissipation layer 4 includes a heat dissipation layer substrate 9 and a microfluidic channel network 6 disposed within the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The heat dissipation layer substrate 9 has pre-reserved grooves for accommodating the photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell layer 5. The microfluidic channel network 6 includes a main pipeline 61 and branch pipelines 62 for accommodating cooling media. The main pipeline 61 and branch pipelines 62 are distributed in a leaf vein-like fractal structure within the heat dissipation layer substrate.

[0028] Integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement consists of standardized square prefabricated modules, with the form customized according to actual application requirements. The design load-bearing capacity meets the load requirements of urban secondary arterial roads or parking lots, as detailed below: As the outermost layer of the road surface, Protective Layer 1 is in direct contact with vehicle tires and the natural environment, and must possess extremely high mechanical strength, wear resistance, impact resistance, anti-skid properties, and excellent light transmittance. It is made of high borosilicate glass, with a uniform frosted glass rough surface formed on its outer surface through physical sandblasting or chemical acid etching, meeting the requirements for the coefficient of friction of wet road surfaces in JTJ073.2-2001 "Technical Specification for Construction of Asphalt Pavement on Highways".

[0029] Preferably, the installation process may incorporate an inclined design to guide rainwater to flow quickly towards the road edge, reducing road surface water accumulation. A vanadium dioxide-based thermochromic film 2 with a thickness of approximately 200 nanometers is deposited on the inner surface of the protective layer 1 using a magnetron sputtering process.

[0030] Furthermore, the thermochromic film 2 possesses reversible phase transition characteristics, with its critical phase transition temperature controlled to 45℃. When the road surface temperature is below 45℃, the film is in a semiconductor state, exhibiting high transmittance for both visible and near-infrared light from sunlight. When the road surface temperature exceeds 45℃, the film transitions to a metallic state, significantly increasing its reflectivity in the near-infrared band of sunlight, which generates the main thermal effect. This passively reduces solar thermal radiation entering the photovoltaic road surface, thus playing a role in auxiliary cooling and reducing the energy consumption of actively cooling the photovoltaic road surface.

[0031] On the outer surface of the protective layer 1, a periodic array of micro-nano structures was fabricated using laser etching or molding processes. In this embodiment, the array is a biomimetic compound eye structure, composed of a large number of closely arranged hexagonal microlenses. Each microlens unit has a diameter of 500 micrometers and an optimized radius of curvature. It can increase tire grip by disrupting the water film under wet conditions, meeting the requirements for the coefficient of friction of wet pavement in JTJ073.2-2001 "Technical Specification for Construction of Asphalt Pavement of Highway". It can also guide rainwater to flow quickly to the edge of the road surface by utilizing the capillary action between the microstructures and the specific inclined design, reducing the water accumulation on the road surface.

[0032] The encapsulation material layer 3 is located between the protective layer 1 and the photovoltaic cell layer 5, and between the photovoltaic cell layer 5 and the heat dissipation layer 4.

[0033] Furthermore, a POE film is used. Through a multi-step vacuum lamination process, the protective layer 1, photovoltaic cell layer 5, and heat dissipation layer 4 are encapsulated into a single unit, providing electrical insulation, waterproofing, moisture protection, and buffering against thermal stress and mechanical impact. The encapsulation material layer 3 firmly encapsulates the entire photovoltaic pavement into a single unit, playing a crucial role in electrical insulation, waterproofing, moisture protection, and buffering against thermal stress and mechanical impact. The encapsulation material uses a POE film with excellent weather resistance, PID resistance, and water vapor barrier properties. Through a multi-step lamination process, the protective layer 1, photovoltaic cell layer 5, and heat dissipation layer 4 are integrated together.

[0034] Photovoltaic cell layer 5: This is the core functional layer for achieving photoelectric conversion. In this embodiment, this layer is composed of multiple high-efficiency N-type TOPCon monocrystalline silicon half-cells connected in series and parallel. Furthermore, a 2mm gap is reserved between the cells to accommodate the encapsulating film and accommodate thermal expansion and contraction.

[0035] The thermal insulation and support base layer 8 is located at the bottom of the entire structure (integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure). It prevents the heat collected by the active thermal management layer from being lost to the cold foundation below, and also prevents the temperature changes of the foundation from affecting the upper structure. At the same time, it serves as the connection interface with the road base layer.

[0036] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the thermal insulation and support base layer 8 uses high-density closed-cell rigid polyurethane foam material, which has excellent thermal insulation performance and high compressive strength. On the lower surface of this layer, multiple dovetail groove structures extending along the length direction are integrally foamed and molded, which are used to fit with the dovetail tenons on the pre-cast concrete base layer during on-site installation, forming a strong mechanical lock and effectively resisting the horizontal shear force generated by vehicle braking, etc.

[0037] The heat dissipation layer 4 can be made of AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy powder as raw material and integrally printed by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology to form a metal substrate (heat dissipation layer substrate 9).

[0038] The heat dissipation layer 4 is an integrated structural component that combines heat dissipation, load-bearing, and sensing functions. The heat dissipation layer substrate 9 is composed of a single piece of high thermal conductivity composite material with a predetermined thickness. Grooves are provided for mounting photovoltaic cells, and it can simultaneously withstand traffic loads and environmental stresses, enhancing the rigidity and strength of the entire photovoltaic pavement. Preferably, the heat dissipation layer substrate 9 can be made of high-strength aluminum alloy or carbon fiber reinforced resin or graphene reinforced polymer with good thermal conductivity.

[0039] Preferably, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, a closed microfluidic channel network 6 is integrally formed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9 using metal additive manufacturing. This channel network covers the entire substrate and employs a fractal structure inspired by leaf veins to achieve uniform distribution of the cooling medium and efficient heat exchange. The microfluidic channel network 6 has dedicated fluid inlets and outlets for connecting to external cooling medium circulation. The upper surface of the substrate is seamlessly and extensively bonded to the back of the photovoltaic cell layer 5 via thermally conductive gel, thereby reducing interfacial contact thermal resistance and ensuring that the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic cells during power generation can be rapidly and uniformly conducted to this layer and efficiently carried away by the cooling medium flowing through the channel network.

[0040] Preferably, during the manufacturing process of the heat dissipation layer substrate 9, distributed fiber optic grating sensors 7 are embedded inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. These sensors are distributed in a grid pattern and are completely covered by the substrate material, becoming part of the structure itself. They can monitor the temperature and stress distribution inside the structure in a long-term, stable, and high-precision manner, providing direct and rich physical data support for real-time health assessment, damage warning, and life prediction of the road surface.

[0041] Specifically, a microfluidic channel network 6 is integrally formed inside the heat dissipation layer 4, and the microfluidic channel network 6 has a biomimetic leaf vein structure. The cooling medium enters from the main pipeline 61, and then branches into multiple secondary pipelines and branch pipelines 62. The ends of all branch pipelines 62 eventually converge around the heat dissipation layer 4 and finally converge to the outlet. The biomimetic leaf vein structure can ensure that the cooling medium flows through the entire plate surface with minimal flow resistance, and the flow rate is evenly distributed, thereby achieving uniform and efficient cooling of the entire photovoltaic cell backsheet and avoiding the generation of local hot spots.

[0042] Furthermore, during the substrate printing process, a "print-pause-lay-reprint" process is employed to uniformly lay the distributed fiber Bragg grating sensors 7 in a grid pattern within the heat dissipation layer 4. The distributed fiber Bragg grating sensors 7 can sense the temperature within the road surface; if the temperature exceeds a threshold, the cooling medium in the microfluidic channels begins to operate, cooling the road surface. Simultaneously, they can sense thermal stress, providing a data basis for predicting the lifespan of photovoltaic pavements.

[0043] The main pipeline 61 is installed through the middle of the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The cooling medium inlet of the branch pipelines 62 is evenly and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main pipeline 61, and the cooling medium outlet of the branch pipelines 62 is located at the edge of the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The cooling medium outlet of the branch pipelines 62 is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the main pipeline 61 at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. Quick fluid connectors 41 with bidirectional self-locking valve cores are installed at both the inlet and outlet of the main pipeline 61 to realize the pipeline connection of different main pipelines 61 in different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures.

[0044] Preferably, the height of the main pipeline 61 decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction within the heat dissipation layer substrate 9, the height of the branch pipelines 62 decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction within the heat dissipation layer substrate 9, and the height of the microfluidic channel network 6 decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction within the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. Specifically, the main pipeline 61, the branch pipelines 62, and the microfluidic channel network 6 are all inclined within the heat dissipation layer substrate 9 along the cooling medium flow direction, with the inclination angle being less than a preset angle threshold (e.g., 5°).

[0045] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model innovatively proposes an integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure and photovoltaic pavement system. The heat dissipation layer includes a heat dissipation layer substrate and a microfluidic channel network disposed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The heat dissipation layer substrate has grooves reserved inside to accommodate photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell layer. The microfluidic channel network includes main pipelines and branch pipelines for accommodating cooling media. The main pipelines and branch pipelines are distributed in a leaf vein-like fractal structure inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. By placing the microfluidic channel network inside the heat dissipation layer substrate that is in close contact with the photovoltaic cell backsheet, the problem of low uniformity of heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement caused by the prior art is solved, and the uniformity of heat dissipation effect of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement is improved.

[0046] In this utility model, the height of the main pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, the height of the branch pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, and the height of the microfluidic channel network decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of photovoltaic cells in photovoltaic pavement.

[0047] The present invention also includes a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor inside the heat dissipation layer substrate for acquiring the internal temperature and pressure of the heat dissipation layer. The distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor is uniformly distributed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate and can capture the dynamic changes of health indicators such as stress, strain and temperature inside the structure in real time, providing a data foundation for the construction of digital twin models of road surfaces and accurate early warning of early damage.

[0048] In this invention, a thermochromic film for auxiliary cooling is provided on the inner surface of the protective layer, and a periodic micro-nano structure array is provided on the outer surface of the protective layer. This can passively reduce solar thermal radiation entering the system, thereby playing a role in auxiliary cooling and reducing the energy consumption of the active cooling system.

[0049] Example 2 like Figure 4 As shown, this utility model also provides a photovoltaic pavement system, including several integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures 001 as described in Embodiment 1. Different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures 001 are spliced ​​together by photovoltaic pavement speed bump structure units 005. The photovoltaic pavement speed bump structure unit 005 includes a slide rail 204 and a speed bump 201 arranged from top to bottom, a buffer material layer 202 for buffering the speed bump 201 and the rubber reservoir 203, and a rubber reservoir 203 for providing deformation and assisting longitudinal rebound. The speed bump 201 is an integrated molding structure with an arc-shaped top and a rectangular bottom. The length of the speed bump 201 corresponds to the width of the photovoltaic pavement joint. The slide rail 204 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the speed bump 201 and the buffer material layer 202. The groove wall of the slide rail 204 is covered with a wear-resistant layer to reduce the frictional resistance with the slide rail 204.

[0050] Preferably, the photovoltaic pavement system further includes a heat circulation network 002 and a heat storage unit 003. The cooling medium input end of the heat circulation network 002 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the heat storage unit 003 via a pipeline. The cooling medium output end of the heat circulation network 002 is connected to the cooling medium input end of the rubber storage tank 203 via a pipeline. The cooling medium supply water output end of the rubber storage tank 203 is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline 61 at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9 via a pipeline. The cooling medium output end of the main pipeline 61 at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9 is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the heat storage unit 003 via a pipeline.

[0051] The heat circulation pipeline network includes a pump bypass valve 101, a pump inlet electric valve 102, a circulation pump 103, a pump outlet electric valve 104, a first intermediate electric valve 105, a first path inlet electric valve 106, a first speed bump outlet electric valve 107, a second intermediate electric valve 108, a second speed bump outlet electric valve 109, a second path inlet electric valve 110, and a third speed bump outlet electric valve 111. The cooling medium input end of the pump bypass valve 101 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the heat storage unit 003 and the cooling medium input end of the pump inlet electric valve 102. The cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve 101 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the pump outlet electric valve 104, the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve 105, and the second speed bump outlet electric valve 106. The cooling medium input terminals of the electric valve 109 after the speed bump and the second intermediate electric valve 108 are connected by pipelines; the cooling medium input terminal of the electric valve 102 before the pump is connected to the cooling medium input terminals of the pump bypass valve 101 and the heat storage unit 003, respectively; the cooling medium output terminal of the electric valve 102 before the pump is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the circulating pump 103; the cooling medium output terminal of the circulating pump 103 is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the electric valve 104 after the pump; the cooling medium output terminal of the electric valve 104 after the pump is connected to the cooling medium output terminal of the pump bypass valve 101, the cooling medium input terminal of the first intermediate electric valve 105, and the cooling medium output terminal of the electric valve 109 after the speed bump, respectively. The cooling medium input pipes of the first intermediate electric valve 105 and the second intermediate electric valve 108 are connected; the cooling medium input pipes of the first intermediate electric valve 105 are connected to the cooling medium output pipes of the pump bypass valve 101, the cooling medium output pipe of the pump downstream electric valve 104, the cooling medium input pipe of the second speed bump downstream electric valve 109, and the cooling medium input pipe of the second intermediate electric valve 108; the cooling medium output pipes of the first intermediate electric valve 105 are connected to the cooling medium input pipes of the first road front electric valve 106 and the first speed bump downstream electric valve 107; the cooling medium output pipe of the first road front electric valve 106 is connected to the main pipeline of the first integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The cooling medium input end of the first speed bump electric valve 107 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet of the heat dissipation layer substrate 9; the cooling medium input end of the second intermediate electric valve 108 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve 101, the cooling medium output end of the pump electric valve 104, the cooling medium input end of the second speed bump electric valve 109, and the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve 105 respectively; the cooling medium output end of the second intermediate electric valve 108 is connected to the cooling medium input end of the second road front electric valve 110 and the cooling medium input end of the second speed bump electric valve 111 respectively.The cooling medium input end of the second speed bump electric valve 109 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve 101, the cooling medium output end of the pump electric valve 104, the cooling medium input end of the second intermediate electric valve 108, and the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve 105, respectively. The cooling medium output end of the second speed bump electric valve 109 is connected to the cooling medium input end of the rubber storage tank 203. The cooling medium output end of the second road front electric valve 110 is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The cooling medium output end of the second speed bump electric valve 111 is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9.

[0052] Furthermore, the thermal circulation network includes a first road surface return water electric valve 113 and a second road surface return water electric valve 112. The cooling medium input end of the first road surface return water electric valve 113 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline 61 in the first integrated thermal management photovoltaic road surface structure at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The cooling medium output end of the first road surface return water electric valve 113 is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the thermal storage unit. The cooling medium input end of the second road surface return water electric valve 112 is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline 61 in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic road surface structure at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9. The cooling medium output end of the second road surface return water electric valve 112 is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the thermal storage unit 003.

[0053] Furthermore, the photovoltaic pavement system also includes a heat-using device 004, the heat source supply end of the heat-using device 004 is connected to the heat source supply end pipeline of the heat storage unit 003, and the heat source recovery end of the heat-using device 004 is connected to the heat source recovery end pipeline of the heat storage unit 003.

[0054] Different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures 001 are spliced ​​together via photovoltaic pavement speed bump structure units 005. Quick-connect fluid connectors with bidirectional self-locking valve cores are installed at both the fluid inlet and outlet. When two integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures 001 are connected, the male and female connectors are inserted and locked, and the internal valve cores automatically open, forming a passage. When a single unit needs to be disassembled, the connector is pulled out, and the valve cores at both ends automatically close instantly under the action of springs.

[0055] like Figure 4As shown, cooling medium circulates within the thermal circulation network 002. The fluid inlets of the integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure 001 are connected to a main inlet pipe via parallel branch pipes, which is then connected to the outlet of the variable frequency circulation pump 103. The fluid outlets of different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures 001 are also connected to a main outlet pipe via parallel branch pipes. The thermal circulation network 002 is connected to the thermal storage unit 003, and the circulation pump 103 pumps the cooling medium storing heat to the thermal storage unit 003 for storage.

[0056] Furthermore, the cooling medium can be a 30% ethylene glycol aqueous solution to prevent freezing in winter.

[0057] Heat-using equipment 004 is the terminal for realizing the resource utilization of waste heat. The generator of the guided lithium bromide absorption chiller uses the collected 60℃-80℃ hot water as the driving heat source to produce 7℃ chilled water, which provides free air conditioning for underground parking lots or management centers, realizing "solar cooling".

[0058] When the photovoltaic pavement system is running, sunlight shines on the pavement body composed of the integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure 001. The photovoltaic cell layer 5 begins to generate electricity, which is then connected to the grid via an inverter. Simultaneously, a large amount of solar energy is converted into heat energy, causing the cell temperature to rise rapidly. When a temperature sensor installed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate 9 detects that the temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the thermal circulation network 002 is activated. The circulation pump 103 drives the cooling medium to flow through the three-dimensional microfluidic channel network 6 inside the photovoltaic pavement, efficiently absorbing heat and stably controlling the cell temperature at around 40°C, ensuring high power generation efficiency. The cooling medium carrying a large amount of heat energy flows to the thermal storage unit 003.

[0059] During operation, the distributed fiber optic grating sensor 7 embedded in the heat dissipation layer 4 continuously monitors the temperature and strain data inside the pavement structure at a frequency of once per second, and uploads the data for analysis and storage, providing data basis for the long-term health status assessment of the pavement.

[0060] When photovoltaic pavement is in operation, depending on peak hours and traffic flow, there are two thermal circulation methods: speed bump circulation and pump circulation.

[0061] In the speed bump circulation mode, coolant is supplied by the heat storage unit 003. The circulation pump 103 and the downstream electric valve 104 are closed, while the pump bypass valve 101 is open. Simultaneously, the first intermediate electric valve 105 and the second intermediate electric valve 108 are closed, and the second speed bump downstream electric valve 109 is open, supplying coolant to the rubber storage tank 203. The rubber storage tank 203 is powered by the vehicle's rolling and rebound. The first speed bump downstream electric valve 107 and the third speed bump downstream electric valve 111 are open, and the rubber storage tank 203 pumps the coolant to the photovoltaic pavement via these valves. The second road upstream electric valve 110 and the first road upstream electric valve 106 are open, allowing coolant to enter the photovoltaic pavement and carry away heat. The second road return water electric valve 112 and the first road return water electric valve 113 are open, and the return water flows back to the heat storage unit 003 through the heat circulation network 002.

[0062] In the pump circulation mode, coolant is supplied by the heat storage unit 003. The pump bypass valve 101 is closed, while the electric valves 102 before and after the pump are open. The coolant is pumped by the circulation pump 103 to the first intermediate electric valve 105 and the second intermediate electric valve 108. The electric valves 109 after the second speed bump, 111 after the third speed bump, and 107 after the first speed bump are closed, isolating the speed bump structure unit 005 from the pipeline network. The electric valves 110 before the second path and 106 before the first path are opened, and the coolant is pumped to the photovoltaic pavement through these valves to remove heat. The electric valves 112 for the second pavement return water and 113 for the first pavement return water are opened, and the return water flows back to the heat storage unit 003 through the heat circulation pipeline network 002.

[0063] When the heat-using equipment 004 requires heat, the heat-using equipment 004 and the electric water supply valve 114 of the heat-using equipment are opened, and the water supply pump 115 of the heat-using equipment is run to pump heat to the heat-using equipment 004.

[0064] like Figure 5 As a speed bump structural unit, when a vehicle drives over the speed bump 201, the force is buffered by the buffer material layer 202 and transmitted to the rubber reservoir 203. Then, coolant is pumped out, and the vehicle quickly rebounds. The speed bump 201 and the buffer material layer 202 are restrained and slide by the slide rail 204.

[0065] Speed ​​bump 201 can be made of modified rubber composite material, with an arc-shaped top, rectangular bottom, and integrated molding structure. It is long and strip-shaped, with the length adapted to the width of the photovoltaic pavement joint. It has reserved guide grooves for the slide rail, which are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the speed bump. The groove walls are covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer to reduce the frictional resistance with the slide rail.

[0066] The buffer material in the buffer material layer 202 can be polyurethane foam, which buffers the speed bump 201 and the rubber liquid storage tank 203. A guide groove for the slide rail is reserved and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the speed bump 201. The groove wall is covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer to reduce the frictional resistance with the slide rail 204.

[0067] The rubber storage tank 203 is a cuboid with rounded edges. Its length and width are smaller than the reserved gap to provide deformation. It is equipped with longitudinal reinforcing ribs inside to assist longitudinal rebound.

[0068] The thermal circulation network 002 is responsible for driving the cooling medium to circulate in the huge microfluidic channel network 6 inside the road surface body, transporting the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic cells and transferring the heat to the thermal storage unit 003.

[0069] The thermal storage unit 003 is a phase change thermal storage tank that stores the thermal energy carried by the high-temperature medium output from the heat exchanger of the thermal cycle component.

[0070] The heating equipment 004 can provide hot water or heating to surrounding buildings, or it can directly drive an absorption chiller to provide cooling in summer, thus realizing solar-powered cooling.

[0071] Throughout the system, all fluid and electrical connections between structural units, as well as between units and external components, are achieved through standardized waterproof quick-connectors with flexible joints. This greatly simplifies the on-site construction, maintenance, and unit replacement processes, reflecting a highly modular design concept.

[0072] In this utility model's technical solution, different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures are spliced ​​together through photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural units. Each photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural unit includes a slide rail and a speed bump arranged from top to bottom, a buffer material layer for buffering the speed bump and the rubber reservoir, and a rubber reservoir for providing deformation and assisting longitudinal rebound. The speed bump is an integrated molding structure with an arc-shaped top and a rectangular bottom, which can convert the physical crushing of the speed bump into auxiliary power for heat dissipation. It can stop using the variable frequency circulating pump to provide power for coolant circulation during peak traffic hours and periods of low load.

[0073] The photovoltaic pavement system in this utility model also includes a heat circulation pipeline network, a heat storage unit, and heat-using equipment. The cooling medium output end of the main pipeline at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate is connected to the cooling medium return water input end pipeline of the heat storage unit. The heat source supply end of the heat-using equipment is connected to the heat source supply end pipeline of the heat storage unit, and the heat source recovery end of the heat-using equipment is connected to the heat source recovery end pipeline of the heat storage unit. This allows for the recovery of waste heat generated during power generation, which can be used for various purposes such as domestic hot water and summer cooling. This achieves combined power and heat supply of solar energy, significantly improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic pavement system.

[0074] Although the specific embodiments of the present utility model have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solution of the present utility model are still within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure, comprising, from top to bottom, the following layers stacked sequentially: a protective layer, an encapsulation material layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a heat insulation and support base layer, characterized in that, It also includes a heat dissipation layer, which is disposed between the photovoltaic cell layer, the heat insulation and support base layer. The heat dissipation layer includes a heat dissipation layer substrate and a microfluidic channel network disposed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The heat dissipation layer substrate has grooves reserved inside for accommodating the photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell layer. The microfluidic channel network includes main pipelines and branch pipelines for accommodating cooling medium. The main pipelines and branch pipelines are distributed in a leaf vein biomimetic fractal structure inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

2. The integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main pipeline is located in the middle of the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium input ends of the branch pipelines are evenly and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main pipeline. The cooling medium output ends of the branch pipelines are located at the edge of the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium output ends of the branch pipelines are respectively connected to the cooling medium input ends of the main pipeline at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

3. The integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height of the main pipeline decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate; the height of the branch pipelines decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate; and the height of the microfluidic channel network decreases sequentially along the cooling medium flow direction inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

4. The integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat dissipation layer substrate also includes a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor for acquiring the internal temperature and pressure of the heat dissipation layer body. The distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor is uniformly distributed inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

5. The integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A thermochromic film for auxiliary cooling is provided on the inner surface of the protective layer, and a periodic array of micro-nano structures is provided on the outer surface of the protective layer.

6. A photovoltaic pavement system, characterized in that, The invention includes several integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures as described in any one of claims 1-5. Different integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structures are spliced ​​together by photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural units. Each photovoltaic pavement speed bump structural unit includes a slide rail and a speed bump arranged from top to bottom, a buffer material layer for buffering the speed bump and the rubber reservoir, and a rubber reservoir for providing deformation and assisting longitudinal rebound. The speed bump is an integrated molding structure with an arc-shaped top and a rectangular bottom. The length of the speed bump corresponds to the width of the photovoltaic pavement joint. The slide rail is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the speed bump and the buffer material layer. The groove wall of the slide rail is covered with a wear-resistant layer to reduce the frictional resistance with the slide rail.

7. A photovoltaic pavement system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a heat circulation pipe network and a heat storage unit. The cooling medium input end of the heat circulation pipe network is connected to the cooling medium output end of the heat storage unit. The cooling medium output end of the heat circulation pipe network is connected to the cooling medium input end of the rubber storage tank. The cooling medium supply water output end of the rubber storage tank is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium output end of the main pipeline at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the heat storage unit.

8. A photovoltaic pavement system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal circulation network includes a pump bypass valve, a pre-pump electric valve, a circulating pump, a post-pump electric valve, a first intermediate electric valve, a first-path pre-pump electric valve, a first-speed-bump post-electric valve, a second intermediate electric valve, a second-speed-bump post-electric valve, a second-path pre-pump electric valve, and a third-speed-bump post-electric valve. The cooling medium input end of the pump bypass valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the thermal storage unit and the cooling medium input end of the pre-pump electric valve. The cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the post-pump electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the second-speed-bump post-electric valve, and the cooling medium input end of the second intermediate electric valve. The cooling medium of the pre-pump electric valve... The input terminals are respectively connected to the cooling medium input terminals of the pump bypass valve and the heat storage unit; the cooling medium output terminal of the pre-pump electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the circulating pump; the cooling medium output terminal of the circulating pump is connected to the cooling medium input terminal of the post-pump electric valve; the cooling medium output terminal of the post-pump electric valve is respectively connected to the cooling medium output terminal of the pump bypass valve, the cooling medium input terminal of the first intermediate electric valve, the cooling medium input terminal of the second speed bump electric valve, and the cooling medium input terminal of the second intermediate electric valve; the cooling medium input terminal of the first intermediate electric valve is respectively connected to the cooling medium output terminal of the pump bypass valve, the cooling medium output terminal of the post-pump electric valve, and the cooling medium input terminal of the second speed bump electric valve. The cooling medium inlet of the first intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the second intermediate electric valve. The cooling medium outlet of the first intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the first front electric valve and the cooling medium inlet of the first speed bump electric valve. The cooling medium outlet of the first front electric valve is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the main pipeline in the first integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet of the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium outlet of the first speed bump electric valve is connected to the cooling medium inlet of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet of the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium inlet of the second intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium outlet of the pump bypass valve. The cooling medium output end, the cooling medium output end of the pump downstream electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve, and the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve are connected by pipelines. The cooling medium output end of the second intermediate electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input end of the second upstream electric valve and the cooling medium input end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve, respectively. The cooling medium input end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the pump bypass valve, the cooling medium output end of the pump downstream electric valve, the cooling medium input end of the second intermediate electric valve, and the cooling medium input end of the first intermediate electric valve, respectively. The cooling medium output end of the second speed bump downstream electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input end of the rubber storage tank.The cooling medium output end of the second-path electric valve is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate; the cooling medium output end of the second-path electric valve after the speed bump is connected to the cooling medium input end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic pavement structure at the inlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate.

9. A photovoltaic pavement system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thermal circulation network includes a first road surface return water electric valve and a second road surface return water electric valve. The cooling medium input end of the first road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline in the first integrated thermal management photovoltaic road surface structure at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium output end of the first road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the thermal storage unit. The cooling medium input end of the second road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium output end of the main pipeline in the second integrated thermal management photovoltaic road surface structure at the outlet inside the heat dissipation layer substrate. The cooling medium output end of the second road surface return water electric valve is connected to the cooling medium return water input end of the thermal storage unit.

10. A photovoltaic pavement system according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, It also includes heat-using equipment, wherein the heat source supply end of the heat-using equipment is connected to the heat source supply end pipeline of the heat storage unit, and the heat source recovery end of the heat-using equipment is connected to the heat source recovery end pipeline of the heat storage unit.

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