Reinforcement structure of earth-rock dam and earth-rock dam

Abstract

The utility model relates to earth and rock dam field, concretely relates to a reinforcing structure and earth and rock dam of earth and rock dam, wherein the reinforcing structure includes a plurality of first interlocking plates laid on the downstream dam slope surface of earth and rock dam, wherein the outer edge of first interlocking plate is provided with the concave-convex interface of mutual cooperation, and the adjacent first interlocking plate is engaged with each other through the concave-convex interface to form the slope protection, and forms the drainage gap as the seepage path between the adjacent first interlocking plate. Through the above technical scheme, a plurality of interlocking plates are cooperated and spliced into integral slope protection, effectively resist the direct scour of water flow, retain the seepage path of dam body at the same time, prevent the seepage saturation inside dam body, have the outstanding advantages such as convenient construction, low cost, short cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of earth-rock dams, specifically relating to a reinforcement structure for earth-rock dams. Based on this, it also relates to an earth-rock dam. Background Technology

[0002] Earth-rock dams, as one of the most common dam types, require structural stability. However, under extreme weather conditions (such as heavy rainfall and catastrophic floods), the downstream slope of earth-rock dams faces two major threats: first, the erosion of the slope by heavy rainfall or floodwaters overflowing the dam crest; and second, shallow slope slippage caused by seepage saturation within the dam body. These two failure modes are interconnected and often work together, potentially leading to localized dam failure or even a major accident like a dam breach.

[0003] Therefore, when reinforcing the downstream slope of an earth-rock dam, it is necessary to improve the slope's erosion resistance while effectively ensuring the unobstructed flow path of seepage. Current mainstream measures mainly involve raising the dam body or reconstructing flood discharge facilities. While these measures can address the above situation, they generally suffer from high construction costs, high difficulty, and long construction periods, making them unsuitable for reinforcing the numerous existing earth-rock dams. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a convenient and effective way to reinforce the downstream slope of an earth-rock dam.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam, including a plurality of first interlocking plates laid on the downstream slope surface of the earth-rock dam. The outer edges of the first interlocking plates are provided with mutually cooperating concave-convex interfaces. Adjacent first interlocking plates interlock with each other through the concave-convex interfaces to form a slope protection, and drainage gaps are formed between adjacent first interlocking plates as seepage paths.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first interlocking plate has opposing first and second sides and opposing third and fourth sides, and the convex-concave interface includes protrusions disposed on the first and second sides and grooves disposed on the third and fourth sides for engaging with protrusions of adjacent first interlocking plates.

[0007] In some embodiments, the reinforcement structure also includes a permeable cushion layer laid on the downstream dam slope, with a plurality of first interlocking plates laid on top of the permeable cushion layer.

[0008] In some implementations, the permeable cushion layer is made of coarse sand or graded crushed stone.

[0009] In some implementations, a drainage prism is provided at the toe of the downstream dam slope, and multiple interlocking second interlocking plates are laid on the downstream slope surface of the drainage prism. The thickness of the second interlocking plates is greater than the thickness of the first interlocking plates laid on the downstream dam slope, so as to form an energy dissipation sill at the root of the drainage prism.

[0010] In some embodiments, multiple second interlocking plates are laid in double layers on the drainage prism, and / or, the outer edges of the second interlocking plates are provided with mutually cooperating concave and convex interfaces, and adjacent second interlocking plates interlock with each other through the concave and convex interfaces.

[0011] In some embodiments, the reinforcement structure also includes a cast-in-place concrete strip disposed on top of the drainage prism.

[0012] In some implementations, drainage channels are provided on the cast-in-place concrete strip.

[0013] In some implementations, the first interlocking plate and / or the second interlocking plate are precast from C35 or C40 strength grade concrete.

[0014] The second aspect of this utility model provides an earth-rock dam, on which a reinforcement structure as described above is provided.

[0015] The above technical solution involves laying multiple interlocking plates on the downstream slope of the earth-rock dam. These interlocking plates work together to form a unified slope protection, effectively resisting direct erosion by water flow. Simultaneously, the drainage gaps formed between adjacent interlocking plates ensure enhanced slope protection while preserving seepage paths within the dam body, preventing internal seepage saturation. Compared to existing reinforcement measures, this solution offers significant advantages such as convenient construction, low cost, and short construction period. It can effectively reinforce a large number of existing earth-rock dams and has widespread application value.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without any inventive effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the earth-rock dam of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view of the interlocking plate of this utility model; Figure 3This is a top view schematic diagram of multiple interlocking plates spliced ​​together according to this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the AA cross-section of the first interlocking plate of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the AA section of the second interlocking plate of this utility model.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Downstream dam slope; 2. First interlocking slab; 21. Drainage gap; 22. Protrusion; 23. Groove; 3. Permeable cushion layer; 4. Drainage prism; 5. Energy dissipation sill; 6. Cast-in-place concrete strip; 7. Second interlocking slab. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0020] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0023] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this utility model provides a reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam, including a plurality of first interlocking plates 2 laid on the surface of the downstream slope 1 of the earth-rock dam. The outer edge of the first interlocking plate 2 is provided with mutually cooperating concave and convex interfaces. Adjacent first interlocking plates 2 interlock with each other through the concave and convex interfaces to form a slope protection, and a drainage gap 21 as a seepage path is formed between adjacent first interlocking plates 2.

[0024] Specifically, multiple first interlocking plates 2 are interconnected through their interlocking outer edges to form a continuous slope protection covering the downstream dam slope 1. This interlocking method allows the multiple first interlocking plates 2 to be quickly aligned and locked during installation, forming a unified structure that effectively enhances the surface strength of the downstream dam slope 1 and resists direct erosion by water flow or rainwater. Simultaneously, the drainage gaps 21 naturally formed between adjacent first interlocking plates 2 serve as drainage channels for seepage within the dam body, allowing seepage water to flow smoothly out through the gaps, thus preventing seepage saturation within the dam body and reducing the risk of shallow slope slippage. The drainage gaps 21 can be gaps naturally formed between two interlocking first interlocking plates 2 due to production errors, or drainage gaps 21 formed after drainage channels are installed on the sides of the first interlocking plates 2. The drainage gaps 21 ensure that the reinforcement structure does not block the seepage channels of the dam body, giving the dam sufficient drainage capacity. The first interlocking plates 2 are preferably precast concrete components, which are laid directly during construction, improving construction efficiency and reducing costs.

[0025] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the first interlocking plate 2 has opposing first and second sides and opposing third and fourth sides, and the concave-convex interface includes protrusions 22 disposed on the first and second sides and grooves 23 disposed on the third and fourth sides for engaging with the protrusions 22 of the adjacent first interlocking plate 2.

[0026] Specifically, the protrusions 22 and grooves 23 are shaped to fit each other, for example, they can be trapezoidal, arc-shaped, or other geometric shapes that can achieve interlocking. During installation, the protrusion 22 on the first side of one first interlocking plate 2 can be embedded in the groove 23 on the third side of an adjacent interlocking plate, while the protrusion 22 on its second side is embedded in the groove 23 on the fourth side of another adjacent interlocking plate. This four-sided interlocking design allows the first interlocking plates 2 to mutually constrain each other on the plane, forming a flexible slope protection structure with good overall integrity, effectively dispersing external loads (such as water erosion) and adapting to minor deformations of the downstream dam slope 1, while maintaining the uniformity and unobstructed flow of the drainage gaps 21, ensuring the stability of the seepage path. This modular design also greatly facilitates transportation and on-site assembly and construction.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the protrusion 22 adopts an inverted trapezoidal structure, with its shorter base located on the side near the edge of the first interlocking plate 2, and the groove 23 is correspondingly configured as an inverted trapezoidal groove matching the shape of the protrusion 22. When adjacent first interlocking plates 2 interlock with each other through the interlocking interface, the resulting drainage gap 21 does not extend in a straight line along the downstream dam slope, but forms a non-linear flow channel with a bend. This flow channel structure allows the seepage to generate appropriate rotation and energy dissipation within it, effectively reducing the water flow velocity and thus mitigating the concentrated impact force on the slope toe.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the reinforcement structure also includes a permeable cushion layer 3 laid on the downstream dam slope 1, with a plurality of first interlocking plates 2 laid on top of the permeable cushion layer 3.

[0029] Specifically, the permeable cushion layer 3 is laid on the soil surface of the downstream dam slope 1, located below the first interlocking plate 2. The permeable cushion layer 3, together with multiple first interlocking plates 2, forms a composite protective structure. The permeable cushion layer 3 mainly serves as a transition and filter. On the one hand, it effectively prevents the dam soil from being lost through the drainage gaps 21 of the first interlocking plate 2 under seepage, ensuring the long-term stability of the dam structure. On the other hand, it has good permeability, ensuring that the seepage water discharged from the inside of the dam flows out smoothly and is eventually discharged through the drainage gaps 21 between the first interlocking plates 2, avoiding the accumulation of seepage water inside the dam and the resulting pore water pressure that is detrimental to the dam structure. The thickness of the permeable cushion layer 3 can be determined according to the project requirements, usually between 10cm and 30cm. During laying, it should be leveled and moderately compacted to provide a uniform and stable support base for the upper first interlocking plate 2.

[0030] In some embodiments, the material of the permeable cushion layer 3 is coarse sand or graded crushed stone.

[0031] Specifically, coarse sand or graded crushed stone can be selected as the material for the permeable cushion layer 3 based on actual engineering conditions. The coarse sand cushion layer, with its uniform particle distribution and good permeability, effectively acts as a filter, preventing soil particles from being carried away by seepage. The graded crushed stone cushion layer, composed of crushed stone of different particle sizes mixed in a certain proportion, not only ensures an extremely high permeability coefficient, guaranteeing rapid seepage, but its skeletal structure also provides stronger load-bearing capacity and overall stability, better distributing the load transmitted by the upper interlocking slab. In actual engineering projects, the material selection can be comprehensively determined based on factors such as dam soil quality, expected seepage flow, and engineering costs.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, a drainage prism 4 is provided at the toe of the downstream dam slope 1, and multiple interlocking second interlocking plates 7 are laid on the downstream slope surface of the drainage prism 4. The thickness of the second interlocking plates 7 is greater than the thickness of the first interlocking plates 2 laid on the slope surface of the downstream dam slope 1, so as to form an energy dissipation sill 5 at the root of the drainage prism 4.

[0033] Specifically, the second interlocking plate 7 is thicker than the first interlocking plate 2, allowing it to naturally form a locally raised, continuous, and protruding ledge-like structure at the toe of the slope after being laid on the slope surface of the drainage prism 4—that is, the energy dissipation ledge 5. When seepage water from the dam body or runoff from the slope flows down the slope protection to the toe, the energy dissipation ledge 5 will locally raise and disturb the water flow. This process can significantly consume the kinetic energy of the water flow and reduce its velocity, thereby effectively mitigating the direct scouring and erosion of the water flow on the toe and downstream foundation. By setting a second interlocking plate 7 with a thickness greater than that of the first interlocking plate 2, the slope protection structure and energy dissipation facility are cleverly integrated into one. Without adding additional complex structures, the synergistic effect of scouring resistance and energy dissipation is achieved through the differentiated design of prefabricated components.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of second interlocking plates 7 are laid in double layers on the drainage prism 4, and / or, the outer edges of the second interlocking plates 7 are provided with mutually cooperating concave and convex interfaces, and adjacent second interlocking plates 7 interlock with each other through the concave and convex interfaces.

[0035] Specifically, for the critical drainage prism 4, a double-layered second interlocking plate 7 can be used to enhance its protective capabilities. This double-layered structure not only directly increases the construction height of the energy dissipation embankment 5, making its outline more prominent, but also further enhances its ability to deflect water flow through the thickness of the superimposed plates. When water flows to this point, the heightened energy dissipation embankment 5 can more effectively deflect and diffuse the water flow upwards, significantly enhancing the energy dissipation effect and reducing scouring of the slope toe and downstream foundation. In addition, the outer edge of the second interlocking plate 7 is also equipped with interlocking tongue-and-groove joints, allowing adjacent plates to interlock tightly during installation, forming a continuous and complete overall protective surface. This interlocking structure effectively enhances the integrity and stability of the slope protection itself to resist the scouring effect of water flow.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the reinforcement structure also includes a cast-in-place concrete strip 6 disposed on top of the drainage prism 4.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper part of the cast-in-place concrete strip 6 connects with the slope protection formed by the first interlocking plate 2 on the downstream dam slope 1, and the lower part connects with the slope protection formed by the second interlocking plate 7 on the drainage prism 4. Through on-site casting, the cast-in-place concrete strip 6 can be tightly embedded with the precast interlocking plates on the upper and lower sides, effectively transferring the load and forming a continuous and complete protection system from the slope surface to the slope toe. The cast-in-place concrete strip 6 not only enhances the integrity and structural strength of the slope protection structure and prevents damage to the connection points caused by uneven settlement or water seepage, but also effectively guides the slope water flow, preventing it from directly scouring the top of the drainage prism 4, providing a supporting transition and reinforcement guarantee for the entire reinforcement structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, drainage channels are provided on the cast-in-place concrete strip 6.

[0039] Specifically, dedicated drainage channels can be pre-embedded during the construction of the cast-in-place concrete strip 6. This is typically achieved by pre-embedding PVC pipes or forming regular channels using specific molds. The axial direction of the drainage channels can be set along the slope or adjusted according to actual conditions. The drainage channels provide a centralized and controllable discharge path for seepage water above the cast-in-place concrete strip 6, allowing seepage water collected from the slope protection gaps of the first interlocking slab 2 to smoothly pass through the cast-in-place strip and then drain into the downstream drainage prism 4 or the drainage system. The drainage channels ensure that even under heavy flow conditions, seepage water can be orderly guided out, preventing accumulation at the top of the cast-in-place concrete strip 6. This protects the safety of the cast-in-place concrete strip 6 and maintains the smooth and efficient operation of the entire dam slope drainage system. The size and spacing of the drainage channels can be calculated and determined based on the rainfall intensity and seepage flow rate at the project site.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first interlocking plate 2 and / or the second interlocking plate 7 are precast from concrete of strength grade C35 or C40.

[0041] Specifically, precast first interlocking slab 2 and second interlocking slab 7 made of C35 or C40 strength grade concrete are selected, ensuring that the interlocking slabs have sufficient compressive and flexural strength to effectively resist the erosion of water flow and possible impact from debris. The factory prefabrication method guarantees precise component dimensions, uniform quality, and allows for rapid on-site assembly, significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0042] This utility model also provides an earth-rock dam, on which the aforementioned reinforcement structure is installed. Specifically, the core feature of the earth-rock dam provided by this utility model is that the aforementioned reinforcement structure is installed at key locations on the downstream slope 1 and the toe of the slope. This earth-rock dam effectively resists surface erosion by laying an interlocking slope protection composed of first interlocking plates 2 on the surface of the downstream slope 1, while simultaneously ensuring smooth drainage of seepage from the dam body through the gaps between the plates. At the drainage prism 4 at the toe of the slope, an energy-dissipating sill 5 formed by a thickened second interlocking plate 7 and a top cast-in-place concrete strip 6 together constitute a robust drainage facility at the toe of the slope with energy dissipation function. This modular, prefabricated reinforcement scheme significantly improves the erosion resistance and seepage stability of the earth-rock dam without drastically altering the original dam structure, offering advantages such as quick construction, economy, and reliability, and is particularly suitable for reinforcement projects of existing earth-rock dams.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam, characterized in that, It includes multiple first interlocking plates (2) laid on the surface of the downstream slope (1) of the earth-rock dam, wherein the outer edge of the first interlocking plate (2) is provided with interlocking concave and convex interfaces, adjacent first interlocking plates (2) interlock with each other through the concave and convex interfaces to form a slope protection, and drainage gaps (21) as seepage paths are formed between adjacent first interlocking plates (2).

2. The reinforcement structure for earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first interlocking plate (2) has opposing first and second sides and opposing third and fourth sides. The concave-convex interface includes a protrusion (22) disposed on the first and second sides and a groove (23) disposed on the third and fourth sides for engaging with the protrusion (22) of the adjacent first interlocking plate (2).

3. The reinforcement structure for earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcement structure also includes a permeable cushion layer (3) laid on the downstream dam slope (1), and a plurality of first interlocking plates (2) are laid on top of the permeable cushion layer (3).

4. The reinforcement structure for earth-rock dams according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the permeable cushion layer (3) is coarse sand or graded crushed stone.

5. The reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, A drainage prism (4) is provided at the toe of the downstream dam slope (1). Multiple interlocking second interlocking plates (7) are laid on the downstream slope of the drainage prism (4). The thickness of the second interlocking plate (7) is greater than the thickness of the first interlocking plate (2) laid on the slope of the downstream dam slope (1) so as to form an energy dissipation sill (5) at the root of the drainage prism (4).

6. The reinforcement structure for earth-rock dams according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple second interlocking plates (7) are laid in double layers on the drainage prism (4), and / or, the outer edge of the second interlocking plate (7) is provided with mutually cooperating concave and convex interfaces, and adjacent second interlocking plates (7) interlock with each other through the concave and convex interfaces.

7. The reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reinforcement structure also includes a cast-in-place concrete strip (6) set on top of the drainage prism (4).

8. The reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam according to claim 7, characterized in that, A drainage channel is reserved on the cast-in-place concrete strip (6).

9. The reinforcement structure for an earth-rock dam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first interlocking plate (2) and / or the second interlocking plate (7) are precast from concrete of strength grade C35 or C40.

10. An earth-rock dam, characterized in that, The earth-rock dam is provided with a reinforcement structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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