A roadbed slope reinforcing device for soft soil stratum rock mass

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of slope reinforcement, and specifically discloses a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil layer rock mass, which comprises a plurality of anti -skidding piles arranged at intervals on the bedding sand mudstone slope bottom, a retaining wall is arranged between the adjacent anti -skidding piles, the anti -skidding piles and the retaining wall are connected with the bedding sand mudstone slope through a plurality of long anchor rods, the long anchor rod comprises a first end portion and a second end portion at both ends, a plurality of first connecting portions and second connecting portions are connected between the first end portion and the second end portion, the plurality of first connecting portions and second connecting portions are coaxially connected after being arranged and combined in any order, the first end portion is connected with the anti -skidding pile or the retaining wall, the first connecting portion is connected with the soft soil layer of the bedding sand mudstone slope through a plurality of anchor claws, the second connecting portion is connected with the rock layer of the bedding sand mudstone slope through a plurality of expansion shell anchor feet, and the problems of general anchoring effect of anchor rods on soft soil layer, need of a large number of and dense anchor rods to form stable support, long construction period of slope surface support operation and high cost are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of slope reinforcement technology, and more specifically, to a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses. Background Technology

[0002] With the construction and development of railways, highways, reservoirs, and other engineering projects, numerous technical issues related to roadbed slope protection have arisen, among which the protection of large bedding sandstone and mudstone slopes is one of the main challenges. Bedding sandstone and mudstone slopes refer to slopes where the rock strata dip in the same direction as or nearly in the same direction as the slope surface, and are composed of alternating layers of sandstone and mudstone. Furthermore, bedding sandstone and mudstone slopes are characterized by alternating layers of soft and hard rock, well-developed structural planes, and a tendency to slide along bedding planes. Their stability is significantly affected by factors such as the dip angle of the rock strata, groundwater, and weathering. Because bedding sandstone and mudstone slopes easily form potential sliding surfaces and have low stability coefficients, the soft soil layers above the rock strata are prone to sliding and collapse. Currently, anchor bolts, frame beams, and anti-slide piles are the main reinforcement structures for treating bedding slopes. However, existing reinforcement structures using traditional anchor bolts or anchor cables have limited effectiveness in limiting soft soil layers, requiring a large number of dense anchor bolts to provide stable support on the slope surface, resulting in long construction periods and high costs for the support work. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a roadbed slope reinforcement device and method for soft soil and rock masses. It solves the problems of the general anchoring effect of anchor rods on soft soil layers, the need to use a large number of dense anchor rods to form stable support, and the resulting long construction period and high cost of slope support operations.

[0004] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses, including a number of anti-slide piles spaced apart at the bottom of a bedding sand and mudstone slope, a retaining wall between adjacent anti-slide piles, and long anchor rods, wherein the anti-slide piles and the retaining wall are connected to the bedding sand and mudstone slope through the number of long anchor rods. The long anchor rod includes a first end and a second end located at both ends. A plurality of first connecting parts and second connecting parts are connected between the first end and the second end. The plurality of first connecting parts and second connecting parts are arranged and combined in any order and then coaxially connected. The first end is connected to the anti-slide pile or retaining wall, the first connection part is connected to the soft soil layer of the bedding sand and mudstone slope through a number of anchor claws, and the second connection part is connected to the rock layer of the bedding sand and mudstone slope through a number of expansion shell anchor feet.

[0005] Furthermore, the first connecting portion includes a first mounting tube and a plurality of anchor claws spaced apart on the first mounting tube; The anchor claw includes a first drive ring and a guide seat. The guide seat is fixed on the first mounting tube, and a guide hole is provided through the guide seat. The guide hole is inclined. The first drive ring is slidably sleeved on the first mounting tube. A plurality of anchor bars are provided between the first drive ring and the guide seat. The plurality of anchor bars are arranged in a circumferential array around the first mounting tube. One end of the anchor bar is connected to the first drive ring, and the other end of the anchor bar passes through the guide hole. The anchor bar has elastic deformation properties. Adjacent first drive rings are interconnected by a number of first connecting rods.

[0006] Furthermore, the second connecting part includes a second mounting tube and a plurality of expansion shell anchor feet spaced apart on the second mounting tube. The expansion shell anchor feet include a second driving ring and a plurality of anchor shells. The plurality of anchor shells are arranged in a ring array on the first mounting tube and hinged to the first mounting tube. The anchor shells are held in place on the first mounting tube by torsion springs. The inner wall of the free end of the anchor shell is provided with a first inclined surface. The second drive ring is provided with a conical ring at one end near the anchor shell. The outer diameter of the smaller diameter end of the conical ring is smaller than the maximum inner diameter of several first inclined surfaces on the same plane. The conical ring is inserted into the first inclined surface to open several anchor shells. Adjacent second drive rings are interconnected by a number of second connecting rods.

[0007] Furthermore, a cone-shaped end is provided at one end of the anchor bar near the guide hole, and the larger diameter end of the cone-shaped end is connected to the anchor bar, wherein the diameter of the larger diameter end of the cone-shaped end is larger than the diameter of the anchor bar.

[0008] Furthermore, the first installation pipe is provided with a plurality of first grouting holes, and the second installation pipe is provided with a plurality of second grouting holes.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes short anchor bolts, with multiple short anchor bolts spaced apart between adjacent long anchor bolts; The short anchor rod includes a third end and a fourth end, and a third connecting part is provided between the third end and the fourth end; The third end has the same structure as the first end. The first end and the third end are connected to the steel cage in the corresponding anti-slide pile or retaining wall and are integrally cast into the corresponding anti-slide pile or retaining wall. The fourth end has the same structure as the second end, which is an anchor head; The third connecting part has the same structure and connection position as the first connecting part.

[0010] Furthermore, a number of the aforementioned long anchors are arrayed on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope, and a number of the aforementioned short anchors are spaced apart between adjacent long anchors; Several long anchor rods located in the same row on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope are connected to each other by transverse steel cages and cast into concrete ribs. Several long anchor rods located in the same row on the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope are connected to each other by longitudinal steel reinforcement cages and cast into concrete columns.

[0011] Furthermore, the first end includes a screw and a first nut, a first tray, a second nut, a second tray, and a first compensating tube sequentially sleeved on the screw. The screw is coaxially connected to the first mounting tube or the second mounting tube through a variable diameter connecting sleeve. One end of the first compensation tube abuts against the second tray, and the other end of the first compensation tube abuts against the first drive ring or the second drive ring; A grout stopper is fitted onto the first compensation pipe; both the first nut and the second nut are threaded into the screw. The steel cages of the anti-slide piles and retaining walls, as well as the transverse and longitudinal steel cages, are inserted between their respective first and second trays.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a second compensation tube, which is sleeved at the connection between the first mounting tube and the second mounting tube. One end of the second compensation tube abuts against the first driving ring or the second driving ring, and the other end of the second compensation tube abuts against the first connecting rod or the second connecting rod. The length of the second compensation tube is equal to the stroke of the first drive ring minus the stroke of the second drive ring.

[0013] The technical solution of this utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: 1. When drilling anchor holes, the anchor holes may pass through one or more layers of hard rock when they reach the hard rock or sandstone layers after passing through soft soil or mudstone layers. In order to achieve better anchoring, different anchors are set for different geological hardness to make the long anchor rods stably connected to the anchor holes. The first connection part of the long anchor rod is connected to the soft soil layer of the bedding sand and mudstone slope through several anchor claws, and the second connection part is connected to the rock layer of the bedding sand and mudstone slope through several expansion shell anchor feet. The whole has a good anchoring effect.

[0014] 2. As the first mounting seat moves towards the guide seat, the anchor bar extends outward in an umbrella shape, inserting into the soft soil from the inner wall of the anchor hole, enhancing contact with the soft soil. Several first connecting parts are simultaneously inserted into the soft soil, tightly binding the soft soil between adjacent sets of anchor bars into a column shape, similar to tree roots, thereby reducing the fluidity of the soft soil. At the same time, it works in conjunction with the second connecting part connecting to the rock layer to jointly prevent the soft soil from sliding. A good anchoring system can be formed without the need for a large number of dense traditional anchor rods, resulting in a shorter overall construction period and lower labor and material costs.

[0015] 3. The distance between the free end of the anchor shell and the axis of the second installation tube should be greater than the inner diameter of the anchor hole. This way, the anchor shell and the anchor hole form a certain angle. After the anchor shell and the anchor hole come into contact, pulling the second installation tube outward can further tighten the anchor shell and the anchor hole, thereby enhancing the stability of the connection between the long anchor rod and the anchor hole in the hard rock layer. In conjunction with the first connection part, the soft soil layer and rock layer through which the entire long anchor rod passes are tightly connected into one, jointly preventing the soft soil from sliding.

[0016] 4. The path of the cone head movement creates a hole with a diameter larger than that of the anchor bar, thereby reducing the friction between the anchor bar and the hole, making it easier for the anchor bar and cone head to be inserted deeper. At the same time, this hole is connected to the anchor hole. After the anchor bar is installed, cement mortar is injected and pressurized to allow the cement mortar to enter the hole where the anchor bar is located. After the cement mortar solidifies, it forms a strong and effective anchoring foundation together with the anchor bar, providing stable prestress for the long anchor rod while preventing the flow and slippage of soft soil layers. Compared with the anchoring and anti-slip effects of traditional anchor rods, this solution is significantly better and more stable.

[0017] 5. The first and second installation pipes are interconnected. After the long anchor rod is placed in the drilled and cleaned anchor hole, leaving a gap of about 1 cm at the bottom, preliminary grouting is performed first. Then, several anchor claws of the first connection and several expansion shell anchor feet of the second connection are deployed. Subsequently, secondary grouting is performed to fill the entire anchor hole with mortar. Depending on the mortar's setting state, additional grouting can be performed before initial setting. In conjunction with the anchor claws and expansion shell anchor feet, the connection between the long anchor rod and the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope is made more stable.

[0018] 6. Short anchors are mainly used for anchoring soft soil layers. The method is the same as that of long anchors for anchoring soft soil layers. They are connected to the soft soil layer of the bedding sand and mudstone slope through several anchor claws. The short anchors are located between the long anchors and work together with the long anchors to lock a portion of the soft soil, thereby reducing the overall fluidity of the bedding sand and mudstone slope.

[0019] 7. Several long and short anchors in the same row and column on the slope work together to form a support frame, connecting the entire bedding sandstone and mudstone into a whole, and dividing the entire slope into several small square slopes. The lateral and longitudinal spacing of the long and short anchors can be adjusted according to the test parameters of the reinforced bedding sandstone and mudstone slope, and is therefore not limited. Within the small square slopes, some short anchors can also be installed for anchoring if necessary. Wire mesh and shotcrete or planting ecological substrates with well-developed root systems can also be used. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock mass, used in conjunction with a bedding sandstone and mudstone slope, provided by this utility model; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention, which describes a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses in combination with a bedding sandstone and mudstone slope; Figure 3 A top view schematic diagram of a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses, used in conjunction with a bedding sandstone and mudstone slope, provided by this utility model. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the long anchor rod in Embodiment 2 of the roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses provided by this utility model; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a short anchor rod in a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses provided by this utility model; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B; Icons: 1. Fissured sandstone-mudstone slope; 101. Soft soil layer; 102. Rock layer; 2. Anti-slide pile; 3. Retaining wall; 4. Long anchor bolt; 41. Second compensation pipe; 5. First end; 51. Screw rod; 52. First nut; 53. First tray; 54. Second nut; 55. Second tray; 56. First compensation pipe; 57. Reducing diameter connecting sleeve; 58. Grout stop plug; 6. Second end; 7. First connecting part; 71. Anchor claw; 711. First drive ring; 712. Guide seat; 7121. Guide hole; 713. Anchor bar, 714, First connecting rod, 715, Conical head, 716, First ring seat, 72, First mounting pipe, 721, First grouting hole, 8, Second connecting part, 81, Expansion shell anchor foot, 811, Second driving ring, 812, Anchor shell, 8121, First inclined surface, 813, Conical ring, 814, Second connecting rod, 815, Second ring seat, 82, Second mounting pipe, 821, Second grouting hole, 9, Short anchor rod, 91, Third end, 92, Fourth end, 93, Third connecting part, 10, Concrete rib, 11, Concrete column. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment provides a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses, including a number of anti-slide piles 2 spaced apart at the bottom of a bedding sandy mudstone slope 1, with retaining walls 3 between adjacent anti-slide piles 2, and the retaining walls 3 and the anti-slide piles 2 at both ends being integrally cast; it also includes long anchor rods 4, and the anti-slide piles 2 and the retaining walls 3 are all connected to the bedding sandy mudstone slope 1 through a number of long anchor rods 4, thereby enhancing the support for the bedding sandy mudstone slope 1.

[0025] More specifically, such as Figures 1-5As shown, the long anchor rod 4 includes a first end 5 and a second end 6 located at both ends. A plurality of first connecting parts 7 and second connecting parts 8 are connected between the first end 5 and the second end 6. The plurality of first connecting parts 7 and second connecting parts 8 are coaxially connected after being arranged and combined in any order. In specific implementation, the first end 5 is connected to the anti-slide pile 2 or the retaining wall 3. The first connecting parts 7 are connected to the soft soil layer 101 of the bedding sandy mudstone slope 1 through a plurality of anchor claws 71. The second connecting parts 8 are connected to the rock layer 102 of the bedding sandy mudstone slope 1 through a plurality of expansion shell anchor feet 81. Since the sandy mudstone slope has sandstone and mudstone interspersed, forming a layered structure similar to a sandwich, when drilling the anchor hole, when the anchor hole passes through the soft soil layer 101 or the mudstone layer to reach the hard rock layer 102 or sandstone, it may pass through one or more layers of hard rock. In order to better anchor, different anchors are set for different geological hardness to make the long anchor rod 4 stably connected to the anchor hole, which has a good anchoring effect.

[0026] like Figure 4 and Figures 5-7As shown, the first connecting part 7 includes a first mounting tube 72 and a plurality of anchor claws 71 spaced apart on the first mounting tube 72; the anchor claws 71 include a first driving ring 711 and a guide seat 712, the guide seat 712 is fixed on the first mounting tube 72, and a guide hole 7121 is provided through the guide seat 712. The guide hole 7121 is inclined, and the distance between the end of the guide hole 7121 near the first driving ring 711 and the first mounting tube 72 is less than the distance between the end of the guide hole 7121 away from the first driving ring 711 and the first mounting tube 72; the first driving ring 71 1. A sliding sleeve is mounted on the first mounting tube 72. A plurality of anchor bars 713 are provided between the first driving ring 711 and the guide seat 712. The plurality of anchor bars 713 are arranged in a circumferential array around the first mounting tube 72. One end of the anchor bar 713 is connected to the first driving ring 711. A plurality of mounting holes are provided on the end of the first driving ring 711 near the guide seat 712. The anchor bar 713 is interference-fitted or threaded with the mounting holes. The other end of the anchor bar 713 passes through the guide hole 7121. The anchor bar 713 has elastic deformation properties. During assembly, one end of the anchor bar 713 is passed through the guide hole 7121. 121 connects to the mounting hole on the first drive ring 711; adjacent first drive rings 711 are interconnected by several first connecting rods 714. The guide seat 712 is provided with several grooves in a circular array for the first connecting rods 714 to pass through. These grooves can also be used to guide the first connecting rods 714. Thus, when the first drive ring 711 slides on the first mounting tube 72, the first connecting rods 714 move in a straight line, ultimately ensuring that several anchor bars 713 move in a straight line. During the process of the first mounting seat moving towards the guide seat 712, the anchor bars 713 tilt. Extending outward in an umbrella shape, it inserts into the soft soil from the inner wall of the anchor hole, enhancing contact with the soft soil. Several first connecting parts 7 are simultaneously inserted into the soft soil, which can tightly hug the soft soil between adjacent sets of anchor bars 713 into a column shape, similar to tree roots, thereby reducing the fluidity of the soft soil. At the same time, it cooperates with the second connecting part 8 to connect with the rock layer 102 to jointly prevent the soft soil from sliding. It can form a good anchoring system without the need to set a large number of dense traditional anchor rods, thus the overall construction period is shorter and the labor and material costs are lower.

[0027] It should be noted that as the first drive ring 711 moves, the length of the anchor bar 713 between the first drive ring 711 and the guide seat 712 is at least 2-5 times the radius of the anchor hole. The length of the anchor bar 713 is negatively correlated with the density of the soft stratum, that is, the softer the stratum, the longer the anchor bar 713 can be.

[0028] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the second connecting part 8 includes a second mounting tube 82 and a plurality of expansion-shell anchor feet 81 spaced apart on the second mounting tube 82. Each expansion-shell anchor foot 81 includes a second driving ring 811 and a plurality of anchor shells 812. The plurality of anchor shells 812 are arranged in a circular array on the first mounting tube 72 and hinged to it. The anchor shells 812 are held together on the first mounting tube 72 by torsion springs; that is, in the initial state, the plurality of anchor shells 812 are held together on the second mounting tube 82, similar to a retracted umbrella. The inner wall of the free end of the anchor shell 812 is provided with a first inclined surface 8121. The distance from the end of the first inclined surface 8121 near the second driving ring 811 to the second mounting tube 82 is greater than the distance from the end of the first inclined surface 8121 near the torsion spring to the second mounting tube 82. More specifically, a conical ring 813 is provided at the end of the second driving ring 811 near the anchor shell 812. The small diameter of the conical ring 813 is... The outer diameter of the end is smaller than the maximum inner diameter of several first inclined surfaces 8121 on the same plane. That is, several first inclined surfaces 8121 distributed in a ring at the same position form a conical cavity, which can be inserted into the conical ring 813. The conical ring 813 is continuously inserted into the first inclined surface 8121 to open several anchor shells 812 until several anchor shells 812 abut against the inner wall of the anchor hole. It should be noted that the distance between the free end of the anchor shell 812 and the axis of the second mounting tube 82 should be greater than the inner diameter of the anchor hole. In this way, the anchor shell 812 and the anchor hole form a certain angle. After the anchor shell 812 abuts against the anchor hole, pulling the second mounting tube 82 outward can further tighten the anchor shell 812 against the anchor hole, thereby enhancing the stability of the connection between the long anchor rod 4 and the anchor hole in the hard rock layer. In conjunction with the first connecting part 7, the soft soil layer 101 and the rock layer 102 through which the entire long anchor rod 4 passes are tightly connected into one, jointly preventing the soft soil from sliding.

[0029] More specifically, adjacent second drive rings 811 are interconnected by several second connecting rods 814, so that several second drive rings 811 can move synchronously and deploy the anchor shell 812 synchronously, which facilitates control and use.

[0030] like Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, a cone 715 is provided at one end of the anchor bar 713 near the guide hole 7121. The larger diameter end of the cone 715 is connected to the anchor bar 713. The diameter of the larger diameter end of the cone 715 is larger than the diameter of the anchor bar 713. As the anchor bar 713 penetrates into the soft soil layer 101, the path of the cone 715 will form a hole with a diameter larger than that of the anchor bar 713, thereby reducing the friction between the anchor bar 713 and the hole and facilitating the movement of the anchor bar 713 and the cone 715. The anchor bar 713 is inserted deeper and connected to the anchor hole. After the anchor bar 713 is installed, cement mortar is injected and pressurized to allow the cement mortar to enter the hole where the anchor bar 713 is located. After the cement mortar solidifies, it forms a strong and effective anchoring foundation together with the anchor bar 713. This provides stable prestress for the long anchor bar 4 and avoids the flow and slippage of the soft soil layer 101. Compared with the anchoring and anti-slip effect of traditional anchor bars, this solution is significantly better and more stable.

[0031] More specifically, such as Figures 4-7 As shown, the first installation pipe 72 is provided with several first grouting holes 721, and the second installation pipe 82 is provided with several second grouting holes 821. The first installation pipe 72 and the second installation pipe 82 are interconnected. After the long anchor rod 4 is placed in the drilled and cleaned anchor hole, leaving about 20 cm at the bottom, preliminary grouting is performed first. Then, several anchor claws 71 of the first connecting part 7 and several expansion shell anchor feet 81 of the second connecting part 8 are unfolded, followed by secondary grouting, so that the entire anchor hole is filled with mortar. Depending on the solidification state of the mortar, additional grouting can be performed before initial setting. With the anchor claws 71 and expansion shell anchor feet 81, the connection between the long anchor rod 4 and the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope 1 is more stable.

[0032] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, it also includes short anchor rods 9, with multiple short anchor rods 9 spaced apart between adjacent long anchor rods 4; the short anchor rod 9 includes a third end 91 and a fourth end 92, and a third connecting part 93 is provided between the third end 91 and the fourth end 92; the third connecting part 93 has the same structure and connection position as the first connecting part 7; in specific implementation, the short anchor rods 9 are mainly used to anchor the soft soil layer 101, which is the same as the method of anchoring the soft soil layer 101 with the long anchor rods 4. It is also connected to the soft soil layer 101 of the bedding sand and mudstone slope 1 through several anchor claws 71. Moreover, the short anchor rods 9 are located between the long anchor rods 4, and cooperate with the long anchor rods 4 to lock a part of the soft soil, thereby reducing the overall fluidity of the bedding sand and mudstone slope 1.

[0033] The third end 91 has the same structure as the first end 5. The first end 5 and the third end 91 are connected to the steel cage in their respective anti-slide piles 2 or retaining walls 3 and are integrally cast into shape with their respective anti-slide piles 2 or retaining walls 3; thereby achieving stability in connection with the retaining walls 3 and anti-slide piles 2, and at the same time, working together with the two to provide good restriction and support for the bottom of the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope 1.

[0034] The fourth end 92 has the same structure as the second end 6, which is an anchor head. The anchor head increases the contact area with the rock mass or grouting material to form stronger friction and gripping force.

[0035] like Figures 1-7 As shown, several long anchor rods 4 are arrayed on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope 1, with several short anchor rods 9 spaced apart between adjacent long anchor rods 4. Several long anchor rods 4 in the same row on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope 1 are interconnected by transverse steel reinforcement cages and cast into concrete ribs 10. At the same time, several long anchor rods 4 in the same column on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope 1 are interconnected by longitudinal steel reinforcement cages and cast into concrete columns 11. Several long anchor rods 4 and several short anchor rods 9 in the same row and column on the slope surface cooperate to form a support frame, connecting the entire bedding sandstone-mudstone slope into a whole and dividing the entire slope surface into several small square slope surfaces. The transverse and longitudinal spacing of the long anchor rods 4 and short anchor rods 9 can be adjusted according to the test parameters of the reinforced bedding sandstone-mudstone slope 1, and is therefore not limited. Within the small square slope surfaces, some short anchor rods 9 can also be set for anchoring if necessary.

[0036] The first end 5 includes a screw 51 and a first nut 52, a first tray 53, a second nut 54, a second tray 55, and a first compensating pipe 56 sequentially sleeved on the screw 51. The first nut 52 and the second nut 54 are both threaded into the screw 51. The screw 51 is also a hollow pipe. The screw 51 is coaxially connected to the first mounting pipe 72 or the second mounting pipe 82 through a reducing connecting sleeve 57. Subsequently, grouting can be performed directly through the screw 51.

[0037] like Figures 1-7As shown, more specifically, one end of the first compensation pipe 56 abuts against the second tray 55, and the other end of the first compensation pipe 56 abuts against the first drive ring 711 or the second drive ring 811; when it is necessary to drive the anchor claw 71 or the expansion shell anchor foot 81 to unfold, one or two jacks or hydraulic cylinders can be directly and symmetrically set on the first tray 53 and the second tray 55 to drive the first tray 53 and the second tray 55 to move away from each other. The second tray 55 acts on the first drive ring 711 on the first mounting ring adjacent to the screw 51 or the second drive ring 811 on the second mounting ring adjacent to the screw 51 through the first compensation pipe 56, short anchor The first compensation pipe 56 on rod 9 directly drives the first drive ring 711. Therefore, depending on the different combination and connection relationships of the first connecting part 7 and the second connecting part 8 on the long anchor rod 4, the part that abuts against the first compensation pipe 56 is different. The specific assembly structure of the long anchor rod 4 shall prevail. After the jack unfolds the anchor claw 71 or the expansion shell anchor foot 81, the second tray 55 is locked with the second nut 54, so that the anchor claw 71 and the expansion shell anchor foot 81 are always in the unfolded state. Similarly, the short anchor rod 9 is operated in the same way, so that the several anchor bars 713 on the anchor claw 71 are always inserted into the soft soil layer 101 and stably connected with the soft soil layer 101.

[0038] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, more specifically, a grout stopper 58 is fitted onto the first compensation pipe 56; then, when the second tray 55 pushes the first compensation pipe 56 to move, the grout stopper 58 is first driven to embed and block the opening of the anchor hole, and then the second tray 55 covers the opening of the anchor hole. At this time, the jack mainly drives the first tray 53 to move outward, and then drives the screw 51, the first mounting pipe 72 and the second mounting pipe 82 to move outward, and finally fully unfolds the anchor claw 71 and the expansion shell anchor foot 81.

[0039] The steel cages of the anti-slide piles 2 and retaining walls 3, as well as the transverse and longitudinal steel cages, are inserted between their respective first trays 53 and second trays 55. In specific implementation, after the anchor claws 71 and expansion shell anchor feet 81 of the long anchor rods 4 are fully extended, and after several anchor claws 71 of the short anchor rods 9 are fully extended, the first nut 52 and the first tray 53 are removed. After the steel cages of the anti-slide piles 2 or retaining walls 3, or the transverse or vertical steel cages on the slope are laid out, it is necessary to ensure that the screw 51 can pass through the steel cage where it is located. Then, the first tray 53 is put on and locked with the first nut 52. If necessary, the screw 51 can be tied and reinforced with the steel cage.

[0040] More specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, it also includes a second compensation tube 41, which is sleeved at the connection between the first mounting tube 72 and the second mounting tube 82. One end of the second compensation tube 41 abuts against the first driving ring 711 or the second driving ring 811, and the other end of the second compensation tube 41 abuts against the first connecting rod 714 or the second connecting rod 814. In specific implementation, when the first connecting part 7 at the end needs to drive the corresponding second compensation tube 41, several first connecting rods 714 can be interconnected through the first ring seat 716, and then abut against the second compensation tube 41 through the first ring seat 716. Similarly, when the second connecting part 8 at the end needs to drive the corresponding second compensation tube 41, several second connecting rods 714 can be interconnected through the first ring seat 716, and then abut against the second compensation tube 41 through the first ring seat 716. The connecting rods 814 can be interconnected through the second ring seat 815, and then abut against the second compensation pipe 41 through the second ring seat 815, so that the first driving ring 711 and the second driving ring 811 on the two adjacent first connecting parts 7 and the second connecting parts 8 can move synchronously. As another embodiment, it is preferable to let the second compensation pipe 41 be connected to the first ring seat 716 and the second ring seat 815 adjacent to it. In this way, the stroke of the first driving ring 711 and the second driving ring 811 is consistent, and the synchronous drive is more reliable. The extension and retraction of all the anchor claws 71 or the expansion shell anchor feet 81 on the entire long anchor rod 4 can be directly controlled through the first mounting pipe 72 or the second mounting pipe 82 located at the anchor hole.

[0041] Example 2: Based on Embodiment 1, as another implementation method, such as Figures 2-7 As shown, when there is only one first connecting part 7 and one second connecting part 8 on the long anchor rod 4, the stroke of the first driving ring 711 on the first connecting part 7 can be set to be very long, so that the anchor bar 713 can penetrate deeper into the soft soil layer 101. Since the second driving ring 811 on the second connecting part 8 does not need such a long stroke, the second compensation pipe 41 located between the two does not need to simultaneously abut against the first ring seat 716 and the second driving ring 811. At this time, the length of the second compensation pipe 41 is equal to the stroke of the first driving ring 711 minus the stroke of the second driving ring 811. That is, after the first driving ring 711 moves a certain distance, the first ring seat 716 abuts against the second compensation pipe 41 and the second driving ring 811. At this time, the remaining stroke of the first driving ring 711 is equal to the stroke of the second driving ring 811.

[0042] like Figures 1-7 As shown, based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, a method for reinforcing bedding sandstone and mudstone slopes is provided, employing a roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses, comprising the following steps: S1. Engineering Geological Survey: S11. Topographic mapping to determine the thickness, attitude (dip and strike), and depth of the interbedded sandstone and mudstone layers on the bedding sandstone-mudstone slope; use UAV aerial surveying and 3D laser scanning to obtain a high-precision DEM model of the slope (accuracy ≤ 0.2m); draw a 1:500 geological plan map, marking the attitude of rock strata and the development of joints and fissures; conduct ground-based ground-penetrating radar scanning (detection depth 30m) to assist in the identification of hidden weak interlayers.

[0043] S12. Core drilling: Drill holes are laid out along the slope (spaced 20-30m) to reveal the thickness of sandstone-mudstone interlayers, the location of weak interlayers, and the distribution of groundwater; double-tube coring is carried out using an XY-2 drilling rig (RQD≥80%); piezometers are installed in the boreholes to monitor the dynamic groundwater level.

[0044] S13. In-situ tests: The shear strength (cohesion c, internal friction angle φ) and integrity coefficient of the rock mass are obtained through direct shear tests and wave velocity tests; the integrity coefficient of the rock mass can also be verified by borehole television imaging.

[0045] S14. Potential slip surface analysis: Combine geological structure and borehole data to determine the burial depth and extension range of the bedding slip surface; use the limit equilibrium method to calculate the stability coefficient under natural working conditions and assess the slip risk; use numerical simulation (FLAC3D) to verify the slip surface extension path.

[0046] S2. Reinforcement Scheme Design: S21, Design of anti-slide pile 2: Design the location and structure of anti-slide pile 2; the pile spacing is 4-6 times the pile diameter, and the pile length needs to penetrate into the stable layer ≥5m; at the same time, a cap beam is set at the top of the pile for connection, and a retaining plate is added between the piles.

[0047] S22, Retaining Wall 3 Design: Design the form and structure of retaining wall 3; adopt a counterweight retaining wall 3, with anti-slip tenons set at the base; set a filter layer (gravel + geotextile) behind the wall.

[0048] S23, Long anchor bolt 4 design, the long anchor bolt 4 used in different positions are numbered, and the length and position relationship of the first connecting part 7 and the second connecting part 8 are set according to the length of the soft soil layer 101 and the rock layer 102 at the location of the long anchor bolt 4; S24, Short Anchor 9 Design: The short anchor 9 used in different locations is numbered, and the length of the first connection part 7 is set according to the length of the soft soil layer 101 at the location of the short anchor 9. S25. Drainage system design: Drainage holes are arranged behind the potential slip surface; deep drainage holes are at an elevation angle of 5-10°, and PVC perforated pipes and reverse filter bags are installed inside the holes; intercepting ditches are set at the top of the slope, and longitudinal drainage ditches are set on the slope surface; water collection wells are added at the toe of the slope.

[0049] S3, Construction: S31. Install drainage holes and intercepting ditches; the intercepting ditches shall be made of cast-in-place C25 concrete; a temporary drainage ditch shall be installed before construction.

[0050] S32. Construction of anti-slide pile 2: The construction method is skip-pile construction. First, the hole is excavated. According to the hole number, the corresponding numbered long anchor rod 4 and short anchor rod 9 connected to the anti-slide pile 2 are installed. Finally, the steel cage of the anti-slide pile 2 is installed and the pile is poured into shape. The pile body also needs to be pre-embedded with sonic logging pipes.

[0051] For the construction of S33 and retaining wall 3, first excavate a long hole, and backfill the over-excavated part of the foundation with C15 plain concrete; then install the long anchor rod 4 and short anchor rod 9 connected to retaining wall 3, and finally install the steel cage of retaining wall 3 and pour it into shape.

[0052] S34. Slope reinforcement: First, level the slope surface, then install the transverse and longitudinal long anchors 4 and short anchors 9 in sequence. Next, install the steel cage of the concrete column 11 and connect it with the corresponding long anchors 4 and short anchors 9. Then, install the steel cage of the concrete rib 10 and connect it with the corresponding long anchors 4 and short anchors 9. Finally, pour the concrete column 11 and concrete rib 10 into shape. The concrete column 11 needs to be connected to the corresponding anti-slide pile 2 or retaining wall 3 below.

[0053] The slope, consisting of S35, concrete column 11, and concrete rib 10, with several square holes, is protected by either wire mesh spraying with concrete or planting ecological substrates with well-developed root systems. Specifically, the wire mesh spraying with concrete uses a φ6@200×200 steel mesh with a spray layer thickness of 12cm (sprayed in two stages); the ecological substrate uses a three-dimensional mesh + topsoil spraying (8cm thick, with a mixture of grass and shrubs).

[0054] S4. Quality Control and Monitoring. Install GNSS displacement monitoring stations and conduct monitoring during the operation and maintenance period.

[0055] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses, comprising a plurality of anti-slide piles (2) spaced apart at the bottom of a bedding sandstone-mudstone slope (1), wherein a retaining wall (3) is provided between adjacent anti-slide piles (2), characterized in that: It also includes long anchor rods (4), and the anti-slide piles (2) and retaining walls (3) are connected to the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope (1) through several of the long anchor rods (4); The long anchor rod (4) includes a first end (5) and a second end (6) located at both ends. A plurality of first connecting parts (7) and second connecting parts (8) are connected between the first end (5) and the second end (6). The plurality of first connecting parts (7) and second connecting parts (8) are coaxially connected after being arranged and combined in any order. The first end (5) is connected to the anti-slide pile (2) or the retaining wall (3), the first connecting part (7) is connected to the soft soil layer (101) of the bedding sand and mudstone slope (1) through a number of anchor claws (71), and the second connecting part (8) is connected to the rock layer (102) of the bedding sand and mudstone slope (1) through a number of expansion shell anchor feet (81).

2. The roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first connecting part (7) includes a first mounting tube (72) and a plurality of anchor claws (71) spaced apart on the first mounting tube (72). The anchor claw (71) includes a first drive ring (711) and a guide seat (712). The guide seat (712) is fixed on the first mounting tube (72). A guide hole (7121) is provided through the guide seat (712). The guide hole (7121) is inclined. The first drive ring (711) is slidably sleeved on the first mounting tube (72). A plurality of anchor bars (713) are provided between the first drive ring (711) and the guide seat (712). The plurality of anchor bars (713) are arranged in a circumferential array around the first mounting tube (72). One end of the anchor bar (713) is connected to the first drive ring (711), and the other end of the anchor bar (713) passes through the guide hole (7121). The anchor bar (713) has elastic deformation properties. Adjacent first drive rings (711) are interconnected by a plurality of first connecting rods (714).

3. The roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second connecting part (8) includes a second mounting tube (82) and a plurality of expansion shell anchor feet (81) spaced apart on the second mounting tube (82). The expansion shell anchor feet (81) include a second driving ring (811) and a plurality of anchor shells (812). The plurality of anchor shells (812) are arranged in a ring array on the first mounting tube (72) and hinged to the first mounting tube (72). The anchor shells (812) are held in place on the first mounting tube (72) by torsion springs. The inner wall of the free end of the anchor shell (812) is provided with a first inclined surface (8121). The second drive ring (811) is provided with a conical ring (813) at one end near the anchor shell (812). The outer diameter of the smaller diameter end of the conical ring (813) is smaller than the maximum inner diameter of several first inclined surfaces (8121) on the same plane. The conical ring (813) is inserted into the first inclined surface (8121) to open several anchor shells (812). Adjacent second drive rings (811) are interconnected by a number of second connecting rods (814).

4. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anchor bar (713) is provided with a cone head (715) at one end near the guide hole (7121). The large diameter end of the cone head (715) is connected to the anchor bar (713), and the diameter of the large diameter end of the cone head (715) is larger than the diameter of the anchor bar (713).

5. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first installation pipe (72) is provided with a plurality of first grouting holes (721), and the second installation pipe (82) is provided with a plurality of second grouting holes (821).

6. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, It also includes short anchor bolts (9), with multiple short anchor bolts (9) spaced apart between adjacent long anchor bolts (4). The short anchor rod (9) includes a third end (91) and a fourth end (92), and a third connecting part (93) is provided between the third end (91) and the fourth end (92). The third end (91) has the same structure as the first end (5). The first end (5) and the third end (91) are connected to the steel cage in the corresponding anti-slide pile (2) or retaining wall (3) and are integrally cast into the corresponding anti-slide pile (2) or retaining wall (3). The fourth end (92) has the same structure as the second end (6), and the second end (6) is an anchor head; The third connecting part (93) has the same structure and connection position as the first connecting part (7).

7. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 6, characterized in that, The slope surface of the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope (1) is provided with a number of long anchors (4) arranged in an array, and a number of short anchors (9) are arranged at intervals between adjacent long anchors (4). Several long anchor rods (4) located on the same row on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope (1) are connected to each other by transverse steel cages and cast into concrete ribs (10). Several long anchor rods (4) located on the same row on the slope surface of the bedding sandstone and mudstone slope (1) are connected to each other by longitudinal steel cages and cast into concrete columns (11).

8. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first end (5) includes a screw (51) and a first nut (52), a first tray (53), a second nut (54), a second tray (55) and a first compensation tube (56) sequentially sleeved on the screw (51). The screw (51) is coaxially connected to the first mounting tube (72) or the second mounting tube (82) through a variable diameter connecting sleeve (57). One end of the first compensation tube (56) abuts against the second tray (55), and the other end of the first compensation tube (56) abuts against the first drive ring (711) or the second drive ring (811); A grout stop plug (58) is fitted on the first compensation pipe (56); the first nut (52) and the second nut (54) are both threaded into the screw (51); The steel cages of the anti-slide piles (2) and retaining walls (3), as well as the transverse steel cages and longitudinal steel cages, are inserted between their respective first trays (53) and second trays (55).

9. A roadbed slope reinforcement device for soft soil and rock masses according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a second compensation tube (41), which is sleeved at the connection between the first mounting tube (72) and the second mounting tube (82). One end of the second compensation tube (41) abuts against the first driving ring (711) or the second driving ring (811), and the other end of the second compensation tube (41) abuts against the first connecting rod (714) or the second connecting rod (814). The length of the second compensation tube (41) is equal to the stroke of the first drive ring (711) minus the stroke of the second drive ring (811).

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