An embedded explosion-proof module, explosion-proof components and tunnel structure

Abstract

This utility model discloses an embedded explosion-proof module, explosion-proof components, and a tunnel structure. The module includes a module body, which comprises a rigid protective layer, a structural buffer layer, and a flexible energy-absorbing layer stacked sequentially along its thickness direction. At least one side of the rigid protective layer is provided with an inter-module connection mechanism for cooperating with the inter-module connection mechanism of adjacent modules to achieve connection. The technical solution provided by this utility model has a simple structure, is convenient and quick to install, and the weight of a single component module is relatively lighter, making transportation and handling more labor-saving, time-saving, and relatively safe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of shock absorption module technology, specifically to an embedded explosion-proof module, explosion-proof components and tunnel structure. Background Technology

[0002] The innovation of this "replaceable modular explosion-proof lining panel" stems from a profound understanding of the critical practical need for rapid reopening and restoration of operation of urban underground transportation hubs after a sudden explosion. The core issue is that urban underground structures such as subways and highway tunnels are the lifeline of cities, and their safety and smooth operation are of paramount importance.

[0003] However, in the event of an accidental explosion, the resulting shockwave can easily cause localized breakage, spalling, or even cracking of traditional concrete linings or inner structures. Traditional repair methods (such as on-site re-formwork and concrete pouring) have significant limitations, including: extremely long processing time: Concrete requires curing time, leading to prolonged closures of tunnels or subway stations, causing widespread traffic disruptions and severely impacting the city's operational order; complex processes: harsh on-site construction environments, limited working space, difficulty in precisely controlling repair quality, and low efficiency; and high economic and social costs: the direct economic losses (such as interruption of operating revenue) and indirect social costs (such as difficulties for citizens' travel and reduced urban efficiency) resulting from prolonged shutdowns for repairs are incalculable.

[0004] Therefore, in the face of sudden public safety incidents, how to shorten the repair cycle from "months" or "weeks" to "days" or even shorter, so as to achieve rapid and resilient recovery of urban core infrastructure under extreme circumstances, has become a key technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an embedded explosion-proof module, which aims to overcome at least one related technical problem existing in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This application provides an embedded explosion-proof module, including: a module body, the module body including a rigid protective layer, a structural buffer layer and a flexible energy-absorbing layer stacked sequentially along the thickness direction; At least one side of the rigid protective layer is provided with an inter-module connection mechanism, which is used to cooperate with the inter-module connection mechanism of the adjacent module to achieve connection.

[0007] This invention constructs a complete protection system from basic modules to overall application. The core component is an embedded blast-resistant module. This module employs a layered composite structure, consisting of a rigid protective layer, a structural buffer layer, and a flexible energy-absorbing layer, sequentially bonded together from the blast-facing side to the blast-reducing side. This "rigid-flexible-weather" gradient design is the essence of this invention.

[0008] The rigid protective layer (such as a magnesium alloy plate) serves as the first line of defense, utilizing its high strength and excellent damping characteristics to instantly dissipate most of the impact energy and prevent the entire module from being torn apart. Next, the shock wave propagates to the structural buffer layer, which is preferably a honeycomb structure made of polyurethane foam, rubber concrete, or composite materials. Under pressure, the honeycomb structure undergoes orderly crushing deformation. The polyurethane foam absorbs energy through bubble compression and skeletal friction, while the rubber concrete further dissipates energy and prevents crack propagation through the high elastic deformation of rubber particles and interfacial friction with the cement matrix. Finally, the remaining impact energy reaches the flexible energy-absorbing layer, which is composed of a polymer foam material (preferably TPU or PEBA material produced by supercritical nitrogen physical foaming). Its dense closed-cell structure absorbs the final shock wave through significant elastic deformation, and its soft texture prevents damage to the tunnel lining from the back blast.

[0009] To combine individual modules into a protective surface suitable for large-scale structures such as tunnels, and to enable rapid replacement afterward, this invention provides a module-to-module connection mechanism on at least one side of the rigid protective layer. A preferred embodiment comprises mutually matching convex and concave grooves. Multiple modules can be quickly connected into a single unit through simple insertion and sliding, while rapid disassembly can be achieved through the reverse operation, greatly improving construction and maintenance efficiency.

[0010] Furthermore, to optimize the performance of each layer of materials and achieve the highest energy dissipation efficiency, this invention sets the thickness ratio of the rigid protective layer, the structural buffer layer, and the flexible energy-absorbing layer to (1-2):(3-4):(6-8), preferably approximately 1:3:6. This ratio ensures that the flexible energy-absorbing layer, as the main energy-absorbing layer, has sufficient deformation stroke, the structural buffer layer can fully play a supporting and secondary buffering role, and the rigid protective layer provides initial protection while ensuring structural integrity.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned modules, a second aspect of this invention provides an explosion-proof assembly. This assembly is formed by splicing together multiple of the aforementioned embedded explosion-proof modules via inter-module connecting mechanisms. A key design feature is the pre-installed deformation gap between adjacent modules. This gap provides space for the modules to undergo plastic deformation after being subjected to an overloaded explosion impact, effectively preventing the modules from jamming together. This ensures that even under the most unfavorable circumstances, damaged modules can be easily removed and replaced, guaranteeing the realization of the core function of "rapid replacement."

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the eight modules can be joined together in a ring to form a standard protective ring, suitable for circular tunnel sections.

[0013] A third aspect of this invention provides a tunnel structure. At least one of the aforementioned blast-resistant components is installed on the inner surface of its lining, and the flexible energy-absorbing layer of the component is directly bonded to the lining surface. This directly applies the core technology of this invention to practical engineering, endowing the tunnel body with excellent blast resistance and rapid repair capabilities.

[0014] The beneficial effects that the embedded explosion-proof module, explosion-proof component, and tunnel structure disclosed in this application may bring include, but are not limited to: Rapid repair, greatly reducing downtime: Through modular prefabrication and rapid assembly / disassembly design, the tunnel lining repair work that traditionally takes weeks or even months can be shortened to within days, significantly reducing the socio-economic losses caused by traffic disruptions.

[0015] Highly efficient energy gradient dissipation: The unique "rigid-buffered-flexible" three-layer structure with a thickness ratio of 1:3:6 achieves scientific and tiered dissipation of impact energy, with energy absorption efficiency far exceeding that of single or double-layer protective structures.

[0016] Modularity and convenience: The standardized modular design, combined with self-locking mounting slots, makes the installation and disassembly process as simple and quick as assembling building blocks, reducing the technical difficulty of construction and labor costs.

[0017] Reliable after-sales disassembly: The deformation space reserved between modules is a key design feature to ensure after-sales replaceability. Even if the module undergoes plastic deformation during an explosion, it can be easily disassembled, solving the problem of traditional protective structures being "easy to install but difficult to remove".

[0018] Lightweight and economical: Utilizing lightweight materials such as magnesium alloy and high-performance foaming materials, the modules are lightweight overall, facilitating transportation and handling, while also reducing the additional load on the original tunnel structure. Prefabrication ensures controllable quality and high cost-effectiveness.

[0019] Wide applicability: This technology can be used not only for new tunnels, but also for the blast-resistant reinforcement and upgrading of existing tunnels, with broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the embedded explosion-proof module of an embodiment of this application (the structural buffer layer is covered and cannot be shown in the overall schematic diagram, but will be shown separately later).

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural buffer layer in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible energy-absorbing layer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid protective layer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0024] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1-Flexible energy-absorbing layer, 2-Rigid protective layer, 3-Convex groove, 4-Concave groove, 5-Structural buffer layer. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] like Figure 1-4 As shown, this application provides an embedded explosion-proof module to achieve effective protection of tunnel lining and rapid repair after an accident. It includes: a module body, which comprises a rigid protective layer 2, a structural buffer layer 5, and a flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 stacked sequentially along the thickness direction.

[0028] The shock wave first acts on the rigid protective layer 2, which provides initial strength and support. After some energy is dissipated, the remaining impact energy is transferred to the structural buffer layer 5, which further absorbs energy through its special structural deformation. Finally, the remaining small amount of energy is absorbed by the soft, flexible energy-absorbing layer 1, thereby maximizing the protection of the tunnel lining. The three layers are firmly bonded together by adhesive (such as using high-strength structural adhesive) to form a single prefabricated module.

[0029] The three-layer structure combining rigidity, flexibility, and buffering achieves gradient dissipation of impact energy, avoiding the limitations of single material properties. The rigid protective layer 2 is not limited to magnesium alloy, but can also be made of high-strength aluminum alloy, composite material board, etc.; the structural buffer layer 5 is not limited to honeycomb, but can also be foam metal, corrugated board, or other porous or deformable structures; the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 is not limited to nitrogen supercritical foaming materials, but can also be other high-performance polymer foaming materials (such as PEBAX, TPU foam, etc.).

[0030] In order to enable multiple modules to be quickly assembled into a whole protective surface and to facilitate quick disassembly after an accident, at least one side of the rigid protective layer 2 is provided with an inter-module connection mechanism, which is used to cooperate with the inter-module connection mechanism of the adjacent module to achieve connection.

[0031] The connecting mechanism is located on the side of the module. It achieves mechanical interlocking between adjacent modules through the insertion, snap-fit, or sliding of the mechanism, requiring no or only a few additional fasteners.

[0032] In one optional embodiment, the inter-module connection mechanism is a self-locking mounting groove, including mutually matching convex grooves 3 and concave grooves 4, which achieve locking and disengagement through insertion and sliding. This enables rapid modular installation and disassembly, greatly improving construction and maintenance efficiency. The specific form of the inter-module connection mechanism is not limited to a self-locking mounting groove; it can also be other mechanical structures that can achieve rapid connection and disengagement, such as male and female tenons, hook-shaped buckles, and magnetic adsorption.

[0033] As a further optimization of this utility model, in order to obtain a better energy dissipation gradient and material utilization rate, the thickness ratio of the rigid protective layer 2, the structural buffer layer 5 and the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 is approximately 1:3:6.

[0034] This proportional design ensures that the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1, as the main energy-absorbing layer, has sufficient deformation stroke to dissipate most of the impact energy; the structural buffer layer 5 plays a buffering and supporting role; and the rigid protective layer 2 achieves initial energy attenuation while ensuring the overall structural stiffness. This is an optimal solution after balancing material properties and impact mechanics.

[0035] As a further optimization of this utility model, in order to enable the rigid protective layer 2 to have the characteristics of high damping, high specific strength and lightweight, the rigid protective layer 2 is a metal plate, preferably a magnesium alloy plate.

[0036] Magnesium alloys are prone to twinning deformation under impact, which can absorb a large amount of energy and is less likely to cause crack propagation. Their damping capacity is much higher than that of alloys such as aluminum and titanium.

[0037] It should be noted that magnesium alloy plates offer superior initial impact resistance and energy absorption. Besides magnesium alloys, other high-damping alloys (such as certain manganese-copper alloys) or high-strength steel plates can be used as alternatives, but may come at the cost of weight or cost.

[0038] As a further optimization of this utility model, in order to make the structural buffer layer 5 have both structural strength and good buffering and energy absorption characteristics, the structural buffer layer 5 is a porous structural layer, and its material includes polymer foam and / or elastic particle reinforced composite material.

[0039] When a porous structure is subjected to pressure, the pore walls bend, buckle, or fracture, thereby converting the impact kinetic energy into deformation energy and thermal energy. The addition of elastic particles dissipates energy through their own deformation and interfacial friction with the matrix.

[0040] This design provides excellent cushioning and energy dissipation capabilities. The porous structure is preferably honeycomb-shaped due to its regular and stable mechanical properties. The polymer foam can be polyurethane, epoxy resin, or other foaming materials; the elastic particle-reinforced composite material is preferably rubber concrete, but can also be other plastic particle concrete, etc.

[0041] Polyurethane foam absorbs energy through the compression deformation of its closed-cell or open-cell structure; rubber concrete, on the other hand, utilizes the high elastic deformation of rubber particles and the energy dissipation mechanism at the interface with the cement matrix to enhance its impact toughness.

[0042] As a further optimization of this utility model, in order to enable the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 to have extremely high energy absorption rate, fast response capability and good durability, the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 is a polymer foam material layer, preferably a foam material made by supercritical physical foaming process, and more preferably a nitrogen supercritical physical foam material.

[0043] Supercritical physical foaming technology can produce a fine and uniform closed-cell structure that undergoes highly elastic deformation when subjected to impact, absorbs and stores energy, and then rebounds rapidly.

[0044] These materials (such as PEBA and TPU foam) have advantages such as high impact absorption, high resilience, good fatigue resistance, and good temperature stability.

[0045] Secondly, this utility model provides an explosion-proof component.

[0046] In order to combine individual modules into a protection system suitable for large-scale structures such as tunnels, the blast-resistant component is composed of multiple embedded blast-resistant modules as described in any of the first aspects above, which are interconnected by their respective inter-module connection mechanisms, and deformation gaps are reserved between adjacent modules.

[0047] Multiple modules are spliced ​​together via side connecting mechanisms, covering the tunnel lining area that needs protection. The reserved deformation gap is a key design feature, providing space for the modules to undergo plastic deformation after being subjected to explosive impact, preventing the modules from jamming together, and thus ensuring that even if a module is damaged, it can still be quickly and non-destructively disassembled and replaced.

[0048] It enables flexible expansion of the protected area and reliable after-sales disassembly, greatly reducing maintenance difficulty and time costs.

[0049] As a further optimization of this utility model, in order to form a standard protective unit with stable structure and uniform stress, the explosion-proof component is composed of 7 embedded explosion-proof modules spliced ​​together in a U-shape.

[0050] The seven embedded explosion-proof modules arranged in a U-shape are a preferred embodiment for arched tunnels, sharing the load. The specific number can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the tunnel cross-section.

[0051] Thirdly, this utility model provides a tunnel structure.

[0052] In order to directly apply the above-mentioned blast-resistant technology to actual engineering projects and achieve enhanced protection for the tunnel body, the tunnel structure is provided with at least one blast-resistant component as described in the second aspect above on the inner surface of its lining, and the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 of the blast-resistant component is attached to the inner surface of the lining.

[0053] The blast-resistant components are directly attached to the existing tunnel lining via a flexible energy-absorbing layer 1 on their back or fixed to it using simple connectors. The flexible layer effectively transmits and buffers pressure while preventing hard damage to the lining surface.

[0054] The tunnel structure is blast-resistant and rapidly repairable. In the event of an explosion, only the damaged blast-resistant components need to be replaced to quickly restore the tunnel to operation, avoiding large-scale reconstruction and significantly improving the tunnel's safety level and operational resilience.

[0055] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: When the shockwave from the explosion arrives, its energy dissipation process can be divided into three stages: Initial Attenuation and Rigid Resistance Phase: The shock wave first acts on the rigid protective layer 2 of the module. This layer, with its high strength and hardness, performs initial reflection and attenuation of the shock wave. Simultaneously, high-damping materials such as magnesium alloys convert a large amount of impact kinetic energy into heat energy through microscopic mechanisms such as dislocation slip and twinning deformation at their internal grain boundaries, achieving efficient energy absorption of the first wave.

[0056] Structured Crushing and Buffering Stage: Residual energy penetrating the first layer is transferred to the structural buffer layer 5. Its honeycomb structure undergoes controlled, sequential crushing deformation under dynamic loads, a process that continuously consumes energy. Simultaneously, the polyurethane foam or rubber concrete material within the layer further converts the impact energy into deformation energy and thermal energy through its own compression, bending, cracking, and internal friction.

[0057] Terminal absorption and soft landing phase: After the first two layers have absorbed the energy, the shock wave energy has been significantly weakened. The final aftershock reaches the flexible energy-absorbing layer 1. The foamed material in this layer is instantly compressed, and its numerous closed pores absorb the final impact energy through elastic deformation, acting like a highly efficient air cushion. This ensures that the pressure acting on the tunnel lining is reduced to a safe range, perfectly protecting the lining structure from damage.

[0058] After the accident, maintenance personnel were able to easily remove the deformed and damaged modules from the assembly by utilizing the pre-reserved deformation gaps and self-locking installation slots between the modules, and quickly install the prefabricated new modules back in, thus completing the repair in a very short time and restoring tunnel traffic.

[0059] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. An embedded explosion-proof module, characterized in that, include: The module body includes a rigid protective layer (2), a structural buffer layer (5), and a flexible energy-absorbing layer (1) that are stacked sequentially along the thickness direction. At least one side of the rigid protective layer (2) is provided with an inter-module connection mechanism, which is used to cooperate with the inter-module connection mechanism of the adjacent module to achieve connection.

2. The embedded explosion-proof module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inter-module connection mechanism is a self-locking mounting groove, including a matching convex groove (3) and a concave groove (4), which achieve locking and separation through insertion and sliding.

3. The embedded explosion-proof module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness ratio of the rigid protective layer (2), the structural buffer layer (5) and the flexible energy-absorbing layer (1) is (1-2):(3-4):(6-8).

4. The embedded explosion-proof module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid protective layer (2) is a metal plate.

5. The embedded explosion-proof module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural buffer layer (5) is a porous structure layer.

6. The embedded explosion-proof module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The porous structure layer has a honeycomb structure.

7. The embedded explosion-proof module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible energy-absorbing layer (1) is a polymer foam material layer.

8. An explosion-proof component, characterized in that, The embedded explosion-proof modules described in any one of claims 1-7 are interconnected by their respective inter-module connection mechanisms, and deformation gaps are reserved between adjacent modules.

9. The explosion-proof component according to claim 8, characterized in that, The explosion-proof component is composed of seven embedded explosion-proof modules spliced ​​together in a U-shape.

10. A tunnel structure, characterized in that, The inner surface of the lining is provided with at least one explosion-proof component as described in claim 8 or 9, wherein the flexible energy-absorbing layer (1) of the explosion-proof component is attached to the inner surface of the lining.

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