A device for rapid detection of soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials

Abstract

The utility model relates to a heat treatment device, specifically disclose a cement base building material soluble heavy metal rapid detection device, including microwave reactor, the carousel that is horizontally established in the microwave reactor, a plurality of setting on the carousel's storage tray, a plurality of setting on the storage tray's storage groove, be used to drive the first drive arrangement of carousel rotation to drive the second drive arrangement of storage tray autorotation, a plurality of storage tray is circumferentially distributed, a storage groove is used to place a digestion jar, and the digestion jar is used to fill digestion liquid and sample. The cement base building material soluble heavy metal rapid detection device of the utility model can efficiently and high homogeneity carry out heat digestion treatment to cement base building material sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of heat treatment devices, and more specifically, to a rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials. Background Technology

[0002] The core purpose of testing soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials is to strictly control the leaching risk of soluble heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and arsenic. Once these heavy metals are released from building materials, they may pollute the surrounding soil and groundwater through rainwater infiltration, or harm health through direct human contact and inhalation during the use of building materials. At the same time, this test is also a mandatory requirement for building materials to meet national environmental protection standards and quality specifications, and is a key link in ensuring the safe application of building materials and the sustainability of the ecological environment.

[0003] The detection process mainly consists of two core steps: First, heavy metal extraction, which commonly uses acid leaching (such as acetic acid solution with pH=4) and microwave digestion to separate soluble heavy metals from the solid matrix into the liquid phase; then, quantitative analysis is performed using professional techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) to accurately obtain heavy metal content data.

[0004] However, in actual testing operations, two cumbersome steps severely restrict testing efficiency and accuracy: first, sample crushing, which requires grinding and sieving blocky cement-based building materials into uniform fine powder, a time-consuming operation that also requires ensuring sample representativeness; second, metal ion extraction from powdered samples, a process that not only requires precise proportioning of the acidic extraction solution to the sample's liquid-solid ratio but also necessitates methods such as soaking and microwave heating to promote the full dissolution of heavy metal ions, making the steps cumbersome and labor-intensive. In traditional extraction methods, microwave equipment typically processes only one or a few samples at a time. If the number of samples processed per batch is blindly increased in pursuit of efficiency, uneven microwave field distribution will lead to differences in the microwave effects received by different samples, resulting in inconsistent heavy metal dissolution efficiencies and ultimately affecting the accuracy of the test results. This contradiction of "high accuracy but low efficiency in single-batch testing of small quantities, and high efficiency but poor accuracy in batch testing" makes it difficult for the industry to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and high accuracy in testing. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials, which can efficiently and uniformly perform thermal digestion treatment on cement-based building material samples.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials of this utility model includes a microwave reactor, a turntable horizontally arranged in the microwave reactor, multiple placement plates arranged on the turntable, multiple placement slots opened on the placement plates, a first driving device for driving the turntable to rotate, and a second driving device for driving the placement plates to rotate; the multiple placement plates are arranged in a circle, and one placement slot is used to place a digestion vessel, the digestion vessel is used to hold digestion solution and sample.

[0007] Furthermore, the first driving device includes a vertically arranged drive shaft connected to the lower side of the tray, a gearbox connected to the drive shaft, a transmission shaft connected to the gearbox, and a motor connected to the transmission shaft; the drive shaft passes through the bottom wall of the microwave reactor and is rotatably and sealed to the microwave reactor, and the gearbox, the transmission shaft, and the motor are all located below the microwave reactor.

[0008] Furthermore, the second driving device includes an external gear ring disposed on the lower side of the turntable, a rotating shaft fixedly disposed on the lower side of the placement tray, and a gear disposed at the lower end of the rotating shaft; the external gear ring is coaxially disposed with the turntable, the driving shaft passes through the external gear ring, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the turntable, the external gear ring simultaneously meshes with multiple gears, and the external gear ring and multiple gears are disposed between the turntable and the inner bottom wall of the microwave reactor.

[0009] Furthermore, the external toothed ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the microwave reactor by multiple connecting strips.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a vibration device for driving the storage tray to vibrate periodically.

[0011] Furthermore, the vibration device includes a vibrating disk disposed at the center of the upper surface of the turntable, a plurality of first protrusions vertically disposed on the side wall of the vibrating disk, and a second protrusion vertically disposed on the side wall of the storage tray; the side wall of the vibrating disk is disposed close to the side wall of the storage tray, and the plurality of first protrusions are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the vibrating disk.

[0012] Furthermore, the projections of the first and second protrusions on the horizontal plane are both semicircles, and both the first and second protrusions are made of rigid polymer materials.

[0013] Furthermore, a threaded hole is provided at the center of the upper side of the tray, and a screw is threaded into the threaded hole. A horizontally arranged pressure plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw; the pressure plate presses against the upper ends of multiple digestion vessels simultaneously.

[0014] The technical solution of this utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: In the rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials, the crushed cement-based building materials and acidic extract are added to a digestion vessel in a specific ratio. The digestion vessel is then inserted into a placement tank, the microwave reactor door is closed, and the microwave reactor is started. The sample in the digestion vessel is processed by the microwave reactor, allowing the heavy metals to enter the digestion solution. During this process, a first driving device drives a turntable to rotate, and a second driving device drives a placement plate to rotate, allowing the digestion vessels on the turntable to continuously change position within the microwave reactor. This ensures that each digestion vessel receives the same microwave effect (microwaves are mainly used to heat the digestion solution and promote molecular vibration). The acidic digestion solution accelerates the dissolution of heavy metal ions from the sample. After processing, the solution is centrifuged or filtered before direct detection. This not only allows for the batch thermal digestion of multiple samples at once, but also ensures that each sample is processed in the same environment, resulting in smaller errors between samples and more accurate results. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the microwave reactor provided in this embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A two-view structural schematic diagram of the interior of the microwave reactor provided in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the turntable portion provided in an embodiment of the present utility model; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the storage tray provided in an embodiment of this utility model from one perspective; Figure 6 This is a two-view structural schematic diagram of the storage tray provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0016] Icons: 10-Microwave reactor, 21-Turntable, 22-Placement tray, 23-Placement trough, 24-First drive device, 241-Drive shaft, 242-Gearbox, 243-Transmission shaft, 244-Motor, 25-Second drive device, 251-External gear ring, 252-Rotating shaft, 253-Gear, 254-Connecting bar, 26-Vibration device, 261-Vibrating plate, 262-First convex bar, 263-Second convex bar, 27-Threaded hole, 28-Screw, 29-Pressure plate, 30-Digestion vessel. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example The following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, further illustrates the point, as shown in the appendix. Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 6 As shown, the rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials in this embodiment includes a microwave reactor 10, a turntable 21 horizontally disposed in the microwave reactor 10, multiple placement trays 22 disposed on the turntable 21, multiple placement slots 23 formed on the placement trays 22, a first driving device 24 for driving the turntable 21 to rotate, and a second driving device 25 for driving the placement trays 22 to rotate. The multiple placement trays 22 are circumferentially distributed, and one placement slot 23 is used to place a digestion vessel 30, which is used to hold digestion solution and sample. Specifically, during use, the pulverized cement-based building materials and acidic extract are added to the digestion vessel 30 in a specific ratio. The digestion vessel 30 is then inserted into the storage compartment 23. The door of the microwave reactor 10 is closed, and the microwave reactor 10 is started. The sample in the digestion vessel 30 is processed by the microwave reactor 10, allowing the heavy metals to enter the digestion solution. During this process, the first drive device 24 drives the turntable 21 to rotate, and the second drive device 25 drives the storage tray 22 to rotate. This allows the digestion vessels 30 on the turntable 21 to continuously change position within the microwave reactor 10, ensuring that each digestion vessel 30 receives the same microwave effect (microwaves are mainly used to heat the digestion solution and promote molecular vibration). The acidic digestion solution accelerates the dissolution of heavy metal ions from the sample. After processing, the solution is centrifuged or filtered before direct detection. This method not only allows for the batch thermal digestion of multiple samples at once, but also ensures that each sample is processed in the same environment, resulting in smaller errors between samples and more accurate results. The microwave reactor 10 is a device that generates microwaves to heat liquids. The principle is similar to a common microwave oven, but the difference lies in its superior uniformity, temperature control accuracy, pressure resistance, and corrosion resistance. For models of the microwave reactor 10, refer to the Anton Paar Multiwave 5000 series and the CEM (CEM Corporation) series. MARS 6, etc.

[0018] In this embodiment, the first driving device 24 includes a vertically arranged drive shaft 241 connected to the lower side of the tray 22, a gearbox 242 connected to the drive shaft 241, a transmission shaft 243 connected to the gearbox 242, and a motor 244 connected to the transmission shaft 243. The drive shaft 241 passes through the bottom wall of the microwave reactor 10 and is rotatably and sealed to the microwave reactor 10. The gearbox 242, transmission shaft 243, and motor 244 are all located below the microwave reactor 10. Specifically, the motor 244 drives the transmission shaft 243 to rotate, and drives the drive shaft 241 to rotate through the gearbox 242, ultimately driving the turntable 21 to rotate. The gearbox 242 is mainly used to change the transmission direction. By placing the motor 244 and other structures below the turntable 21 and the microwave reactor 10, the influence of these structures on the microwaves inside the microwave reactor 10 can be minimized.

[0019] The second driving device 25 in this embodiment includes an external gear ring 251 disposed on the lower side of the turntable 21, a rotating shaft 252 fixedly disposed on the lower side of the storage tray 22, and a gear 253 disposed at the lower end of the rotating shaft 252. The external gear ring 251 is coaxially arranged with the turntable 21, the driving shaft 241 passes through the external gear ring 251, the rotating shaft 252 is rotatably connected to the turntable 21, and the external gear ring 251 simultaneously meshes with multiple gears 253. The external gear ring 251 and the multiple gears 253 are all disposed between the turntable 21 and the inner bottom wall of the microwave reactor 10. The external gear ring 251 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the microwave reactor 10 through multiple connecting strips 254. Specifically, the external gear ring 251 is a fixed structure. Therefore, when the turntable 21 drives the storage plate 22, the rotating shaft 252, and the gear 253 to perform circular motion, the gear 253 will also rotate due to the meshing of the external gear ring 251 and the gear 253, thereby driving the rotating shaft 252 and the storage plate 22 to rotate. Furthermore, the external gear ring 251, gear 253, and other structures are all located below the turntable 21, so they do not affect the reaction process. The external gear ring 251 is a ring-shaped structure with external teeth on its outer wall.

[0020] In this embodiment, a vibration device 26 is also included to drive the placement tray 22 to vibrate periodically. The vibration device 26 includes a vibration disk 261 disposed at the center of the upper surface of the turntable 21, a plurality of first protrusions 262 vertically disposed on the sidewall of the vibration disk 261, and second protrusions 263 vertically disposed on the sidewall of the placement tray 22; the sidewall of the vibration disk 261 is disposed close to the sidewall of the placement tray 22, and the plurality of first protrusions 262 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the vibration disk 261. Specifically, using the vibration device 26 to drive the placement tray 22 to vibrate periodically can effectively oscillate the sample in the digestion vessel 30 periodically, allowing the sample in the digestion vessel 30 to better dissolve heavy metals, but without continuous vibration, thus not affecting the microwave effect. The vibration principle is as follows: the vibrating plate 261 is fixed on the turntable 21, and the placement plate 22 rotates. During the rotation, the second protrusion 263 on the side of the placement plate 22 will periodically contact the first protrusion 262 on the side wall of the vibrating plate 261 and generate collision and compression. This will cause the placement plate 22 to shake slightly, thereby oscillating the liquid in the digestion tank 30.

[0021] In this embodiment, the projections of the first protrusion 262 and the second protrusion 263 on the horizontal plane are both semicircles, and both the first protrusion 262 and the second protrusion 263 are made of rigid polymer material.

[0022] In this embodiment, a threaded hole 27 is provided at the center of the upper side of the storage tray 22. A screw 28 is threaded into the threaded hole 27, and a horizontally arranged pressure plate 29 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw 28. The pressure plate 29 presses down on the upper ends of multiple digestion vessels 30. Specifically, after the digestion vessel 30 is placed in the storage slot 23, the screw 28 can be screwed into the threaded hole 27, and the pressure plate 29 can limit the digestion vessel 30 to prevent it from coming out of the storage slot 23.

[0023] In summary, the rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials of this embodiment involves adding pulverized cement-based building materials and acidic extract to a digestion tank 30 in a specific ratio. The digestion tank 30 is then inserted into the storage tank 23. The door of the microwave reactor 10 is closed, and the microwave reactor 10 is started. The sample in the digestion tank 30 is processed by the microwave reactor 10, causing some of the heavy metals to enter the digestion solution. During this process, the first driving device 24 drives the turntable 21 to rotate, and the second driving device 25 drives the storage tray 22 to rotate, allowing the digestion tanks 30 on the turntable 21 to continuously change position within the microwave reactor 10. This ensures that each digestion tank 30 receives the same microwave effect (microwaves are mainly used to heat the digestion solution and promote molecular vibration). The acidic digestion solution accelerates the dissolution of heavy metal ions from the sample. After processing, the solution is centrifuged or filtered before direct detection. This not only allows for the thermal digestion of multiple samples in a single batch, but also ensures that each sample is processed in the same environment, resulting in smaller errors between samples and more accurate results.

[0024] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials, characterized in that: It includes a microwave reactor (10), a turntable (21) horizontally disposed in the microwave reactor (10), a plurality of storage trays (22) disposed on the turntable (21), a plurality of storage slots (23) opened on the storage trays (22), a first drive device (24) for driving the turntable (21) to rotate, and a second drive device (25) for driving the storage trays (22) to rotate. The plurality of the placement trays (22) are arranged in a circle, and one placement trough (23) is used to place a digestion vessel (30), which is used to hold digestion solution and sample.

2. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first driving device (24) includes a vertically arranged drive shaft (241) connected to the lower side of the tray (22), a gearbox (242) connected to the drive shaft (241), a transmission shaft (243) connected to the gearbox (242), and a motor (244) connected to the transmission shaft (243). The drive shaft (241) passes through the bottom wall of the microwave reactor (10) and is rotatably connected to the microwave reactor (10) in a sealed manner. The gearbox (242), the transmission shaft (243) and the motor (244) are all located below the microwave reactor (10).

3. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second driving device (25) includes an external gear ring (251) disposed on the lower side of the turntable (21), a rotating shaft (252) fixedly disposed on the lower side of the storage tray (22), and a gear (253) disposed at the lower end of the rotating shaft (252); The external gear ring (251) is coaxially arranged with the turntable (21), the drive shaft (241) passes through the external gear ring (251), the rotating shaft (252) is rotatably connected to the turntable (21), the external gear ring (251) meshes with multiple gears (253) at the same time, and the external gear ring (251) and multiple gears (253) are all located between the turntable (21) and the inner bottom wall of the microwave reactor (10).

4. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: The external toothed ring (251) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the microwave reactor (10) by multiple connecting strips (254).

5. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a vibration device (26) for driving the storage tray (22) to vibrate periodically.

6. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration device (26) includes a vibrating disk (261) located at the center of the upper surface of the turntable (21), a plurality of first protrusions (262) vertically arranged on the side wall of the vibrating disk (261), and second protrusions (263) vertically arranged on the side wall of the storage tray (22); The sidewall of the vibratory plate (261) is located close to the sidewall of the storage tray (22), and a plurality of the first protrusions (262) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the vibratory plate (261).

7. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 6, characterized in that: The projections of the first protrusion (262) and the second protrusion (263) on the horizontal plane are both semicircles, and both the first protrusion (262) and the second protrusion (263) are made of rigid polymer material.

8. The rapid detection device for soluble heavy metals in cement-based building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper center of the tray (22) is provided with a threaded hole (27), and a screw (28) is threadedly connected in the threaded hole (27). A horizontally arranged pressure plate (29) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw (28); the pressure plate (29) is pressed on the upper end of multiple digestion vessels (30).

Images