A linkage test device for smoke density and smoke toxicity

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire safety research technical field, and disclose a kind of linkage test device of smoke density and flue gas toxicity, including combustion box, the inside top of combustion box is fixed with fairing, the top of fairing is fixed with communicating pipe, the inner wall of combustion box is communicated with oxygen supply pipe, and smoke density test subassembly is provided in combustion box;Smoke density test subassembly includes the light path transmitting end and light path receiving end set on the inner wall of combustion box;The lateral of combustion box is provided with flue gas toxicity test subassembly;Through the linkage design of ash collection subassembly and combustion test, the automatic collection and weighing integration of ash after combustion is realized;Ash slides into collection drawer along inclined surface when baffle rotates, cooperates weighing sensor real-time metering, avoids the test interruption caused by manual ash cleaning, simultaneously, ash quality data can be directly associated smoke density test result, improves test efficiency and the reliability of data traceability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire safety research technology, specifically to a linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of fire safety research, the linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity is a core tool for assessing the fire hazard of materials. By simultaneously monitoring the changes in optical density and concentration of toxic components in smoke during combustion, this device provides key data support for the research and development of fire protection materials, fire protection design of buildings, and fire risk assessment, and directly affects the formulation and implementation of fire protection standards.

[0003] The core problem in existing technologies is the low efficiency of the coordination between flue gas guidance and testing systems. Specifically, traditional devices lack streamlined flow guidance structures, causing flue gas generated during combustion to disperse and linger within the combustion chamber, making it impossible to quickly and centrally guide it into the analysis system. This results in poor real-time performance of smoke density testing and reduced detection sensitivity due to diffusion and dilution of toxic components. This problem further triggers a chain reaction—the optical path transmitter and receiver, lacking anti-interference design, are susceptible to interference from smoke scattering and thermal radiation, causing fluctuations in smoke density data. The unoptimized rotation angle and descent rate of the baffles in the ash collection component lead to the accumulation of ash residue after combustion, interfering with the flue gas flow path and affecting the correlation analysis between ash mass and smoke density due to weighing errors. The lack of a self-cleaning mechanism in the filter leads to dust blockage after long-term operation, increasing the resistance to flue gas flow and directly reducing the measurement accuracy of the gas cumulative flow meter and the response speed of the toxicity detection tube. These problems collectively result in low testing efficiency, poor data accuracy, and high maintenance costs for existing devices, making it difficult to meet the needs of fire safety research for rapid and accurate testing. Utility Model Content

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity, so as to solve the technical problem of low coordination efficiency between smoke flow guidance and testing system in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity, comprising a combustion chamber for burning the test material, a flow guide hood fixed to the top of the inside of the combustion chamber, a connecting pipe fixed to the top of the flow guide hood, an oxygen supply pipe connected to the inner wall of the combustion chamber, and a smoke density testing component disposed in the combustion chamber. The smoke density testing component includes an optical path transmitter and an optical path receiver disposed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber; When the optical path transmitter emits light, the light passes through the smoke generated during combustion, and the optical path receiver is in the state of receiving light. A flue gas toxicity testing component is provided on the side of the combustion chamber. The flue gas toxicity testing component includes a first gas outlet pipe provided on the connecting pipe. An enrichment filter pipe is provided outside the first gas outlet pipe. A flue gas absorption bottle is connected to the side of the enrichment filter pipe. A carbon monoxide detection tube and a carbon dioxide detection tube are provided on the side of the flue gas absorption bottle. Preferably, the smoke density testing component includes a smoke density control analyzer, which is electrically connected to the optical path transmitter and the optical path receiver. A temperature controller is installed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber; Preferably, the combustion chamber is provided with an ash collection assembly, which includes two mounting rods rotatably disposed in the combustion chamber, and each mounting rod is provided with a baffle. When the two baffles are in a horizontal position, they are in contact with the outside of the test material to support the test material; When the two baffles rotate, the test material or the ash after combustion slides downwards. Preferably, a first bevel gear is fixed on each of the two mounting rods, a mounting frame is provided in the combustion chamber, a fixing seat is fixed in the mounting frame, a first connecting rod is rotatably arranged in the fixing seat, and a second bevel gear is fixed at both ends of the first connecting rod; Each second bevel gear is engaged with one of the first bevel gears; One of the mounting rods has a handle fixed to its exterior; When one of the mounting rods rotates, the other mounting rod also rotates, and the two mounting rods rotate in opposite directions. Preferably, a collection tray is slidably disposed in the combustion chamber, and a weighing sensor for weighing ash is disposed in the collection tray; The collection drawer is located below the two baffles; Preferably, the flue gas toxicity testing assembly includes a flue gas valve disposed at the top of the connecting pipe, and the first outlet pipe is disposed at the top of the flue gas valve; The first outlet pipe is connected to a bag filter dust collector, the outlet of the bag filter dust collector is connected to a gas cumulative flow meter, and the outside of the gas cumulative flow meter is connected to an enrichment filter tube. The outlet end of the flue gas absorption bottle is equipped with a dryer for drying gas. A vacuum pump is installed at the end of the carbon dioxide detection tube; Preferably, a filter screen is provided inside the first air outlet pipe, a second connecting rod is provided on the filter screen, and an impeller is provided on the outside of the second connecting rod; The bottom end of the second connecting rod is provided with a scraper, and the top end of the scraper contacts the bottom end of the filter screen; When the vacuum pump is in the vacuuming state, the impeller rotates, and the second connecting rod and scraper are also rotating.

[0006] In summary, the present invention has the following main advantages: 1. This utility model achieves automatic collection and weighing of ash after combustion through the linkage design of the ash collection component and combustion test; when the baffle rotates, the ash slides into the collection tray along the inclined surface, and is measured in real time with the weighing sensor, avoiding test interruption caused by manual ash cleaning. At the same time, the ash quality data can be directly correlated with the smoke density test results, forming a continuous closed loop of "combustion-ash collection-density analysis", which improves test efficiency and data traceability reliability.

[0007] 2. In the flue gas toxicity testing component of this utility model, the impeller-driven scraper cleaning works in dynamic coordination with the dust collector, enrichment filter tube, and absorption bottle; the filter screen self-cleaning ensures stable flue gas flow resistance, avoids dust blockage affecting flow measurement accuracy, and allows ash particles in the flue gas to fall into the collection tray, improving the detection effect; the data linkage between the gas cumulative flow meter and the detection tube can accurately calculate the concentration of toxic components in a unit volume of flue gas, and combined with smoke density data, realize a three-dimensional correlation analysis of "flue gas generation - toxicity concentration - smoke density", enhancing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the test results. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the flue gas toxicity testing component of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the combustion chamber in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a partial disassembly diagram of the combustion chamber in this utility model; Figure 6 This is a partial disassembly diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial disassembly diagram of the ash collection component in this utility model.

[0009] In the diagram: 11. Test material; 1. Combustion chamber; 101. Draft hood; 102. Connecting pipe; 103. Oxygen supply pipe; 2. Smoke density testing assembly; 21. Optical path transmitter; 22. Optical path receiver; 23. Smoke density control analyzer; 24. Temperature controller; 3. Ash collection assembly; 31. Mounting rod; 32. Baffle; 33. First bevel gear; 34. Mounting frame; 35. Fixing base; 36. First connecting rod; 37. Second bevel gear; 38. 391. Handle; 392. Collection drawer; 393. Weighing sensor; 4. Flue gas toxicity testing assembly; 41. Flue gas valve; 42. First outlet pipe; 43. Bag filter; 44. Gas cumulative flow meter; 45. Enrichment filter tube; 46. Flue gas absorption bottle; 47. Dryer; 481. Carbon monoxide detection tube; 482. Carbon dioxide detection tube; 49. Exhaust fan; 51. Filter screen; 52. Second connecting rod; 53. Impeller; 54. Scraper. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0011] The embodiments of this utility model will be described below based on its overall structure.

[0012] Example Please see Figures 1-7 This utility model provides a technical solution: a linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity, including a combustion chamber 1 for burning test material 11; a flow guide hood 101 is fixed at the top of the inside of the combustion chamber 1, and a polytetrafluoroethylene coating can be added to the flow guide hood 101. Its streamlined design, combined with the tilt angle and the polytetrafluoroethylene coating, shortens the time from smoke generation to inhalation and reduces the residence time, effectively improving the smoke guiding efficiency and the real-time performance of test data; a connecting pipe 102 is fixed at the top of the flow guide hood 101, and an oxygen supply pipe 103 is connected to the inner wall of the combustion chamber 1 to provide a stable oxygen source for combustion; a smoke density testing component 2 is provided in the combustion chamber 1; The smoke density testing component 2 includes an optical path transmitter 21 and an optical path receiver 22 disposed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber 1. It adopts a coaxial alignment design and is equipped with a narrow band filter to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical path signal and reduce data fluctuation. When the optical path transmitter 21 emits light, the light passes through the smoke generated by combustion, and the optical path receiver 22 is in the state of receiving light, thus realizing highly stable smoke density monitoring. A flue gas toxicity testing component 4 is installed on the side of the combustion chamber 1. A filter screen 51 is installed on its first outlet pipe 42. Self-cleaning is achieved through electrostatic dust removal and back-flushing cleaning technology to avoid filter screen blockage and poor flue gas flow, thereby reducing the standard deviation of toxicity test data and improving long-term stability. A second connecting rod 52 is installed on the filter screen 51. An impeller 53 is on the outside and a scraper 54 is on the bottom. When the exhaust fan 49 extracts air, the impeller 53 rotates and drives the scraper 54 to clean the filter screen 51. An enrichment filter tube 45 is installed on the outside of the first outlet pipe 42 and is connected to the flue gas absorption bottle 46 on the side. A carbon monoxide detection tube 481 and a carbon dioxide detection tube 482 are installed on the side of the flue gas absorption bottle 46 to achieve accurate detection of multi-component toxic gases. Furthermore, the smoke density testing component 2 includes a smoke density control analyzer 23, which is electrically connected to the optical path transmitter 21, the optical path receiver 22, and the temperature controller 24. The smoke density control analyzer 23 serves as the core module, forming an optical path monitoring system with the optical path transmitter 21 and the optical path receiver 22. It calculates the smoke density by detecting the attenuation of the laser beam intensity. Simultaneously, it is linked with the temperature controller 24, using its PID temperature control algorithm to stabilize the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1, avoiding thermal fluctuations from affecting the accuracy of the optical path. It has built-in photoelectric conversion, temperature compensation, and self-diagnostic modules to achieve real-time data analysis, temperature-smoke density coupling compensation, and interference mode recognition, ensuring that the test meets the standards and realizing real-time analysis of smoke density data and precise control of the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1, avoiding temperature fluctuations from affecting the test precision. Furthermore, the combustion chamber 1 is equipped with an ash collection assembly 3, which includes two mounting rods 31 rotatably mounted in the combustion chamber 1. Each mounting rod 31 is equipped with a baffle 32. When the baffle 32 is in a horizontal state, it contacts the test material 11 for support. When the two baffles 32 rotate, the test material 11 or the ash after combustion slides downward. Furthermore, a first bevel gear 33 is fixed on both mounting rods 31. A mounting frame 34 is provided in the combustion chamber 1, and a fixing seat 35 is fixed in the mounting frame 34. A first connecting rod 36 is rotatably mounted in the fixing seat 35, and a second bevel gear 37 is fixed at both ends of the first connecting rod 36. Each second bevel gear 37 meshes with a first bevel gear 33. A handle 38 is fixed to the outside of one of the mounting rods 31. When one of the mounting rods 31 is rotated, the other mounting rod 31 is rotated in the opposite direction through the transmission of the first bevel gear 33 and the second bevel gear 37, so that the baffle 32 opens and closes in coordination. The operation is convenient and the transmission is precise. Furthermore, a collection tray 391 is slidably installed in the combustion chamber 1, which has a built-in weighing sensor 392 located below the two baffles 32. It can measure the ash mass in real time and correlate it with the smoke density test results, forming a continuous closed loop of "combustion-ash collection-density analysis", which improves testing efficiency and data traceability reliability. Furthermore, the flue gas toxicity testing component 4 includes a flue gas valve 41 located at the top of the connecting pipe 102, and a first outlet pipe 42 located at the top of the flue gas valve 41. The first outlet pipe 42 is externally connected to a bag filter dust collector 43, and its outlet end is connected to a gas cumulative flow meter 44 to achieve accurate measurement of flue gas flow. The gas cumulative flow meter 44 is externally connected to an enrichment filter tube 45, and a dryer 47 is installed at the outlet end of the flue gas absorption bottle 46 to dry the flue gas. A vacuum pump 49 is installed at the end of the carbon dioxide detection tube 482 to provide power for flue gas transmission, ensuring that all components work together to achieve the linkage test of smoke density and flue gas toxicity.

[0013] The working process of the device is as follows: Before combustion begins, the test material 11 is placed on the baffles 32 on the two mounting rods 31 inside the combustion chamber 1. At this time, the baffles 32 are in a horizontal state to support the test material 11. The collection drawer 391 is located below the baffles 32 and has a built-in weighing sensor 392. When combustion is started, the oxygen supply pipe 103 provides oxygen and the test material 11 is ignited by the igniter. The flue gas generated by combustion enters the flue gas toxicity test component 4 through the guide hood 101 and the connecting pipe 102. At the same time, the optical path emitting end 21 of the smoke density test component 2 emits light through the flue gas. The optical path receiving end 22 receives the attenuated light and transmits it to the smoke density control analyzer 23 to analyze the smoke density. The temperature controller 24 monitors the temperature inside the combustion chamber 1. When collecting ash, turning the handle 38 drives one of the mounting rods 31 to rotate. Through the meshing transmission of the first bevel gear 33 and the second bevel gear 37, the two mounting rods 31 rotate in opposite directions, and the baffle 32 tilts downward accordingly. The ash after combustion slides along the baffle 32 into the collection tray 391, and the weighing sensor 392 weighs the ash mass. Turning the handle 38 in the opposite direction resets the baffle 32 and closes it. During the flue gas toxicity test, the flue gas enters the first outlet pipe 42 through the flue gas valve 41 at the top of the connecting pipe 102. It first passes through the filter screen 51 for filtration. The exhaust fan 49 draws air to rotate the impeller 53, which drives the second connecting rod 52 and the scraper 54 to clean the filter screen 51. The flue gas then passes through the bag filter dust collector 43 for dust removal, the gas cumulative flow meter 44 for metering, and then enters the enrichment filter tube 45 to enrich the target components. After passing through the flue gas absorption bottle 46 to absorb specific gases, and after drying in the dryer 47, the gas concentration is detected by the carbon monoxide detection tube 481 and the carbon dioxide detection tube 482, respectively. In the whole process, all components work together to achieve the linkage test of smoke density and flue gas toxicity.

[0014] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions, and variations to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, provided that such modifications, substitutions, and variations are within the scope of the claims of the present invention and are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity, comprising a combustion chamber (1) for burning test material (11), characterized in that: The combustion chamber (1) is fixed with a flow guide (101) at the top inside, and a connecting pipe (102) is fixed at the top of the flow guide (101). An oxygen supply pipe (103) is connected to the inner wall of the combustion chamber (1). A smoke density testing component (2) is provided in the combustion chamber (1). The smoke density testing component (2) includes an optical path transmitter (21) and an optical path receiver (22) disposed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber (1). When the light emitting end (21) emits light, the light passes through the smoke generated during combustion, and the light receiving end (22) is in the state of receiving light. A flue gas toxicity testing component (4) is provided on the side of the combustion chamber (1). The flue gas toxicity testing component (4) includes a first gas outlet pipe (42) provided on the connecting pipe (102). An enrichment filter pipe (45) is provided outside the first gas outlet pipe (42). A flue gas absorption bottle (46) is connected to the side of the enrichment filter pipe (45). A carbon monoxide detection tube (481) and a carbon dioxide detection tube (482) are provided on the side of the flue gas absorption bottle (46).

2. The linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke density testing component (2) includes a smoke density control analyzer (23), which is electrically connected to the optical path transmitter (21) and the optical path receiver (22). A temperature controller (24) is provided on the inner wall of the combustion chamber (1).

3. The linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion chamber (1) is provided with an ash collection assembly (3), which includes two mounting rods (31) rotatably disposed in the combustion chamber (1), and each mounting rod (31) is provided with a baffle (32). When the two baffles (32) are in a horizontal state, they are in contact with the outside of the test material (11) to support the test material (11). When the two baffles (32) rotate, the test material (11) or the ash after combustion slides downward.

4. The linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two mounting rods (31) are each fixed with a first bevel gear (33), the combustion box (1) is provided with a mounting frame (34), the mounting frame (34) is fixed with a fixing seat (35), the fixing seat (35) is rotatably provided with a first connecting rod (36), and the two ends of the first connecting rod (36) are each fixed with a second bevel gear (37). Each second bevel gear (37) is engaged with a first bevel gear (33); One of the mounting rods (31) has a handle (38) fixed to its exterior. When one of the mounting rods (31) rotates, the other mounting rod (31) also rotates, and the two mounting rods (31) rotate in opposite directions.

5. The linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity according to claim 3, characterized in that: A collection tray (391) is slidably arranged in the combustion chamber (1), and a weighing sensor (392) for weighing ash is arranged in the collection tray (391). The collection drawer (391) is located below the two baffles (32).

6. The linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas toxicity testing assembly (4) includes a flue gas valve (41) disposed at the top of the connecting pipe (102), and the first outlet pipe (42) is disposed at the top of the flue gas valve (41); The first outlet pipe (42) is connected to a bag filter dust collector (43) on the outside. The outlet end of the bag filter dust collector (43) is connected to a gas accumulation flow meter (44). The outside of the gas accumulation flow meter (44) is connected to the enrichment filter tube (45). The outlet end of the flue gas absorption bottle (46) is equipped with a dryer (47) for drying gas. A vacuum pump (49) is provided at the end of the carbon dioxide detection tube (482).

7. The linkage testing device for smoke density and smoke toxicity according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first air outlet pipe (42) is provided with a filter screen (51), a second connecting rod (52) is provided on the filter screen (51), and an impeller (53) is provided on the outside of the second connecting rod (52). The bottom end of the second connecting rod (52) is provided with a scraper (54), and the top end of the scraper (54) contacts the bottom end of the filter screen (51); When the vacuum pump (49) is in the vacuuming state, the impeller (53) rotates, and the second connecting rod (52) and scraper (54) are in the rotating state.

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