A high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway simulation test device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of simulation high altitude low air pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device, including test cabin and vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is connected with the test cabin inner cavity by pipeline, the test cabin is provided with the seat for placing battery module for placing, the seat is the test cabin and is divided into lower chamber and upper chamber;Test cabin is provided with multiple interfaces communicated with the lower chamber, multiple the interface is respectively provided with power connector and signal connector, the power connector is used to connect external power supply and battery module, the signal connector is used to connect thermocouple and voltage probe;Temperature sensor and baroceptor are inserted on the test cabin, the detection head of the temperature sensor, the detection head of the baroceptor are all inserted into the upper chamber;Advantage is integrated multi-parameter real-time monitoring function, provides multidimensional data support for modeling and safety analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery simulation test technology, and in particular relates to a test device for simulating thermal runaway of lithium battery modules at high altitude and low pressure. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of lithium batteries in aviation, drones, and high-altitude detection equipment, their safety performance in high-altitude, low-pressure environments is receiving increasing attention. The lower air pressure at high altitudes (e.g., at an altitude of 10,000 meters, the air pressure is approximately one-quarter of standard atmospheric pressure) can lead to significant differences in the thermal runaway behavior of lithium batteries compared to normal pressure environments. These differences include a lower electrolyte boiling point, changes in the thermal runaway trigger temperature, and increased eruption intensity.

[0003] Conventional lithium battery thermal runaway tests are conducted at atmospheric pressure, lacking dedicated testing equipment for low-pressure environments, making it difficult to accurately assess the safety risks of lithium batteries in high-altitude environments. To address this, a battery simulation high-altitude low-pressure test chamber, such as the one with application number CN2021200861148, has emerged on the market. This type of test chamber creates a low-pressure environment by adding a vacuum pump to extract air from inside the chamber. However, these test chambers are mostly closed environmental chambers, making it difficult to integrate multi-parameter real-time monitoring and trigger control functions, resulting in incomplete data acquisition. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a test device for simulating thermal runaway of lithium battery modules at high altitude and low pressure, which integrates real-time monitoring of multiple parameters and provides multi-dimensional data support for modeling and safety analysis.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a test device for simulating thermal runaway of a high-altitude, low-pressure lithium battery module, comprising a test chamber and a vacuum pump. The vacuum pump is connected to the inner cavity of the test chamber through a pipe. The test chamber is provided with a placement seat for placing the battery module, and the placement seat divides the interior of the test chamber into a lower chamber and an upper chamber. The test chamber is provided with multiple interfaces communicating with the lower chamber. The multiple interfaces are respectively provided with a power connector and a signal connector. The power connector is used to connect an external power source and the battery module, and the signal connector is used to connect a thermocouple and a voltage probe. A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are inserted into the test chamber. The detection head of the temperature sensor and the detection head of the pressure sensor both extend into the upper chamber.

[0006] Preferably, a protective cover is provided in the lower cavity, the protective cover covers all the interfaces, and the side of the protective cover is provided with multiple openings for cables to extend out.

[0007] Preferably, the system also includes a filter. The pipeline includes a first conduit and a second conduit. The two ends of the first conduit are respectively connected to the upper chamber of the test chamber and the inlet of the filter. The two ends of the second conduit are respectively connected to the outlet of the filter and the suction port of the vacuum pump. The outlet of the vacuum pump is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system.

[0008] Preferably, the system also includes a water tank, with the middle section of the second conduit placed inside the water tank and immersed in water.

[0009] Preferably, the middle section of the second catheter is spiral-shaped.

[0010] Preferably, the filter includes a barrel and an upper cover covering the upper end of the barrel. A filter screen is disposed inside the barrel, dividing the barrel into a left chamber and a right chamber. The inlet of the filter is disposed on the side of the barrel and communicates with the left chamber, and the outlet of the filter is disposed on the side of the barrel and communicates with the right chamber.

[0011] Preferably, a heating element is also included, which is connected to the power connector via a wire and is used to attach to the surface of the battery module.

[0012] Preferably, the inner top surface of the upper chamber is provided with a fire extinguishing agent nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, the test chamber includes a chamber body and a door, with the door covering the front side of the chamber body and a pressure relief valve provided on the rear side of the chamber body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. By connecting the vacuum pump to the test chamber, the low-pressure environment at different altitudes can be effectively simulated, meeting the high-altitude simulation test requirements for the thermal runaway behavior of lithium battery modules. On this basis, by setting up signal connectors, temperature sensors, and pressure sensors on the test chamber, and connecting the signal connectors to thermocouples and voltage probes, multiple key parameters such as temperature, voltage, and pressure can be monitored and recorded in real time. This provides multi-dimensional data support for modeling and safety analysis, and helps to more accurately analyze the thermal runaway trigger point and its related parameters, thereby providing data support for the safety design and optimization of lithium batteries for high-altitude use.

[0016] 2. Existing thermal runaway triggering methods only cause short circuits inside the battery due to overcharging. This solution adds a heating element that is attached to the surface of the lithium battery module, which can realize an electrically heated thermal runaway triggering method to simulate thermal runaway caused by external thermal shock to the battery, and has better applicability.

[0017] 3. It is applicable to high-altitude safety testing of various lithium battery modules (such as power batteries and energy storage batteries), which helps to promote the formulation of safety standards for aviation lithium batteries and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the test chamber in this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the water tank in this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the filter in this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the heating element in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the test chamber in this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Test chamber; 11. Placement seat; 12. Lower chamber; 13. Upper chamber; 14. Interface; 15. Power connector; 16. Signal connector; 17. Temperature sensor; 18. Pressure sensor; 19. Protective cover; 191. Opening; 2. Vacuum pump; 3. Pipeline; 31. First conduit; 32. Second conduit; 41. Thermocouple; 42. Voltage probe; 5. Control system; 6. Filter; 61. Tank body; 611. Left chamber; 612. Right chamber; 62. Top cover; 63. Filter screen; 7. Water tank; 8. Heating element; 9. Extinguishing agent nozzle; 10. Pressure relief valve. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] Example 1: As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a test device for simulating thermal runaway of lithium battery modules at high altitude and low pressure includes a test chamber 1 and a vacuum pump 2. The vacuum pump 2 is connected to the inner cavity of the test chamber 1 through a pipe 3. The test chamber 1 is provided with a placement seat 11 for placing battery modules. The placement seat 11 divides the interior of the test chamber 1 into a lower chamber 12 and an upper chamber 13.

[0028] The test chamber 1 is equipped with multiple interfaces 14 that communicate with the lower chamber 12. Each interface 14 is equipped with a power connector 15 and a signal connector 16. The power connector 15 connects to an external power source and the battery module, while the signal connector 16 connects to a thermocouple 41 and a voltage probe 42. For example, as shown in the attached diagram, there are four interfaces 14. Two interfaces 14 have power connectors 15, and the other two interfaces 14 have signal connectors 16. One signal connector 16 connects to the thermocouple 41, which can be placed on the surface of the battery module and / or embedded inside the battery module to accurately monitor temperature. The other signal connector 16 connects to the voltage probe 42, which can be connected to the battery module electrodes to monitor voltage changes.

[0029] Temperature sensor 17 and pressure sensor 18 are installed on the test chamber 1. The detection head of temperature sensor 17 and pressure sensor 18 both extend into the upper chamber 13 to monitor the internal temperature and pressure of test chamber 1 in real time. One or more temperature sensors 17 and pressure sensors 18 can be set according to actual needs.

[0030] It should be noted that the vacuum pump 2, thermocouple 41, voltage probe 42, temperature sensor 17, and air pressure sensor 18 are connected to the control system 5. The vacuum pump 2 can adjust the air pressure in the test chamber 1. The control system 5 monitors the pressure changes in real time according to the air pressure sensor 18, and then uses a PID algorithm to achieve dynamic stabilization of the air pressure to simulate a high-altitude low-pressure environment, such as simulating an altitude range of 0-15000 meters. The test chamber 1 adopts an explosion-proof design, such as a double-layer stainless steel structure.

[0031] In this embodiment, a protective cover 19 is provided in the lower chamber 12, which covers all interfaces 14. The protective cover 19 has multiple openings 191 on its side for cables to extend out. By adding the protective cover 19, the area where the interface 14 is located can be better protected when the battery module experiences thermal runaway, thereby improving safety.

[0032] Example 2: Figures 1 to 3As shown, the rest of the components are the same as in Embodiment 1, except that they also include a filter 6 and a water tank 7. The pipe 3 includes a first conduit 31 and a second conduit 32. The two ends of the first conduit 31 are connected to the upper chamber 13 of the test chamber 1 and the inlet of the filter 6, respectively. The two ends of the second conduit 32 are connected to the outlet of the filter 6 and the suction port of the vacuum pump 2, respectively. The outlet of the vacuum pump 2 is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system. The middle section of the second conduit 32 is placed in the water tank 7 and immersed in water. The middle section of the second conduit 32 is spiral-shaped to increase its contact area with water.

[0033] When the battery module experiences thermal runaway and ejects particulate matter and high-temperature gas, it can be handled by activating vacuum pump 2. The particulate matter is filtered through filter 6, and the high-temperature gas is first cooled through water tank 7 before being discharged through vacuum pump 2, thus avoiding damage to vacuum pump 2. Furthermore, since the high-temperature gas often contains toxic gases, connecting the outlet of vacuum pump 2 to an existing waste gas treatment system on the market can effectively treat the toxic gases, preventing leakage and ensuring good safety.

[0034] Example 3: Figure 4 As shown, the rest of the parts are the same as in Embodiment 2, except that the filter 6 includes a barrel 61 and a cover 62 covering the upper end of the barrel 61. A filter screen 63 is provided inside the barrel 61, which divides the interior of the barrel 61 into a left chamber 611 and a right chamber 612. The inlet of the filter 6 is located on the side of the barrel 61 and communicates with the left chamber 611. The outlet of the filter 6 is located on the side of the barrel 61 and communicates with the right chamber 612. The structure is relatively simple and easy to clean up particulate matter after the test results are obtained.

[0035] Example 4: Figure 5 As shown, the rest of the components are the same as in Embodiment 1, except that a heating element 8 is also included. The heating element 8 is connected to the power connector 15 via a wire and is used to attach to the surface of the battery module. When the external power supply charges the battery module, it simultaneously supplies power to the heating element 8. After the heating element 8 heats up, it can achieve an electrothermal thermal runaway trigger mode to simulate thermal runaway caused by external thermal shock to the battery.

[0036] Example 5: Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the rest of the parts are the same as in Embodiment 1, except that the inner top surface of the upper chamber 13 is provided with a fire extinguishing agent nozzle 9 so as to extinguish the fire when needed and improve the applicability of the device.

[0037] In this embodiment, the test chamber 1 includes a chamber body and a door. The door covers the front of the chamber body, and a pressure relief valve 10 is provided on the rear of the chamber body to perform venting and pressure relief actions.

[0038] The present invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any improvements made by adopting the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention to other occasions without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating thermal runaway of a high-altitude, low-pressure lithium battery module, comprising a test chamber (1) and a vacuum pump (2), wherein the vacuum pump (2) is connected to the inner cavity of the test chamber (1) via a pipe (3), characterized in that: The test chamber (1) is provided with a placement seat (11) for placing battery modules, and the placement seat (11) divides the interior of the test chamber (1) into a lower chamber (12) and an upper chamber (13); The test chamber (1) is provided with multiple interfaces (14) that communicate with the lower chamber (12). Each of the multiple interfaces (14) is provided with a power connector (15) and a signal connector (16). The power connector (15) is used to connect an external power source and a battery module, and the signal connector (16) is used to connect a thermocouple (41) and a voltage probe (42). The test chamber (1) is equipped with a temperature sensor (17) and a pressure sensor (18), and the detection head of the temperature sensor (17) and the detection head of the pressure sensor (18) both extend into the upper chamber (13).

2. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower chamber (12) is provided with a protective cover (19), which covers all the interfaces (14). The protective cover (19) has multiple openings (191) on its side for cables to extend out.

3. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a filter (6), and the pipe (3) includes a first conduit (31) and a second conduit (32). The two ends of the first conduit (31) are respectively connected to the upper chamber (13) of the test chamber (1) and the inlet of the filter (6). The two ends of the second conduit (32) are respectively connected to the outlet of the filter (6) and the suction port of the vacuum pump (2). The outlet of the vacuum pump (2) is connected to the exhaust gas treatment system.

4. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a water tank (7), the middle section of the second conduit (32) is placed in the water tank (7) and immersed in water.

5. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The middle section of the second conduit (32) is spiral-shaped.

6. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filter (6) includes a barrel (61) and a cover (62) covering the upper end of the barrel (61). A filter screen (63) is provided inside the barrel (61), which divides the interior of the barrel (61) into a left chamber (611) and a right chamber (612). The inlet of the filter (6) is located on the side of the barrel (61) and communicates with the left chamber (611). The outlet of the filter (6) is located on the side of the barrel (61) and communicates with the right chamber (612).

7. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heating element (8), which is connected to the power connector (15) via a wire and is used to attach to the surface of the battery module.

8. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper chamber (13) is provided with a fire extinguishing agent nozzle (9) on its inner top surface.

9. The simulated high-altitude low-pressure lithium battery module thermal runaway test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test chamber (1) includes a chamber body and a door, the door covers the front side of the chamber body, and a pressure relief valve (10) is provided on the rear side of the chamber body.

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