Display panel and display device

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a display panel and a display device. The utility model relates to display technical field discloses a display panel and display device. The display panel includes first substrate, liquid crystal layer, second substrate and polaroid. Thin film transistor array is arranged on the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is arranged on the first substrate. The second substrate is made of transparent material and is arranged on the liquid crystal layer. The polaroid includes the first polaroid of the first substrate away from the one side of liquid crystal layer and the second polaroid of the second substrate away from the one side of liquid crystal layer, and the polarization direction of two polaroids is different. The utility model discloses a transparent substrate by setting up the second substrate, improves the light transmittance and display color gamut effect of display panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display technology, specifically to a display panel and display device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of display technology, display panels have been widely used in various electronic devices. However, in the field of displays, especially in applications such as automotive head-up displays (HUDs), fighter jet HUDs, and projection equipment, simultaneously meeting the requirements of high transmittance and high standard color gamut (National Television Standards Committee, NTSC color gamut) faces significant challenges. In traditional thin-film transistor (TFT) displays, transmittance and NTSC are contradictory; improving one usually leads to a decrease in the other. Although existing technologies employ high color gamut light-emitting diodes and quantum dot films to attempt to solve this problem, the transmittance of TFTs still cannot be significantly improved, with the highest transmittance remaining between 8% and 9%.

[0003] In addition, while improving color performance, existing display panels often increase structural complexity and manufacturing costs.

[0004] In summary, existing display panels have significant shortcomings in simultaneously achieving high transmittance and high color gamut coverage, making it difficult to meet the needs of special application scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new display panel structure that can significantly improve transmittance while ensuring high color gamut coverage, in order to adapt to application scenarios with special display performance requirements, such as automotive HUDs, fighter jet HUDs, and projection equipment. Utility Model Content

[0005] This invention provides a display panel and display device that helps to solve the problems of improving light transmittance and high color gamut performance.

[0006] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a display panel, comprising: A first substrate, on which a thin-film transistor array is disposed; A liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first substrate; The second substrate is disposed on the liquid crystal layer and is made of a transparent material; The polarizer includes a first polarizer and a second polarizer. The first polarizer is disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, and the second polarizer is disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer. The polarization directions of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are different.

[0007] In some embodiments, the display panel further includes a backlight module disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer. The backlight module includes backlight units arranged in zones, each zone having a backlight unit independently provided with a red light-emitting chip, a green light-emitting chip, and a blue light-emitting chip, respectively.

[0008] In some embodiments, the partition shape of the backlight unit is rectangular, hexagonal, or circular.

[0009] In some embodiments, a light-shielding structure is provided between the partitions of the backlight unit.

[0010] In some embodiments, the light-shielding structure is a dam structure formed by a dispensing process using white or black frame adhesive.

[0011] In some embodiments, the height of the dam structure is higher than the upper surface of the light-emitting chip.

[0012] In some embodiments, the material of the light-shielding structure is epoxy resin, silicone or acrylic resin, and the light-shielding structure is also doped with light-shielding particles such as titanium dioxide or carbon black.

[0013] In some embodiments, a reflective film is deposited on the surface of the light-emitting chip.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thin-film transistor array is a monochromatic thin-film transistor, which includes a monochromatic thin-film transistor formed based on any one of metal oxide semiconductor, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, or amorphous silicon materials.

[0015] Secondly, this utility model provides a display device, including a display panel and a circuit module as described in any of the above claims, wherein the circuit module is used to provide image signals and backlight control signals to the display module.

[0016] The display panel provided by this utility model includes a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a second substrate, and polarizers. A thin-film transistor array is disposed on the first substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first substrate. The second substrate is made of a transparent material and is disposed on the liquid crystal layer. The polarizers include a first polarizer disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer and a second polarizer disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, with the two polarization directions being different. By making the second substrate a transparent substrate, this utility model improves the light transmittance and color gamut of the display panel. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a display panel provided by this utility model; Figure 2This is a top view structural diagram of the backlight module of the display panel provided by this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the backlight module of the display panel provided by this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0019] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a display panel provided by this utility model. The display panel 10 includes a first substrate 101, a liquid crystal layer 103, a second substrate 104, and a polarizer 105.

[0021] The first substrate 101 is typically made of glass or a transparent polymer material, possessing good light transmittance and mechanical strength. A thin-film transistor array 102 is formed on the first substrate 101 using semiconductor processes such as thin-film deposition, photolithography, and etching. The thin-film transistor array 102 consists of monochromatic thin-film transistors. These monochromatic thin-film transistors can be formed based on any of the following materials: metal-oxide-semiconductor (e.g., IGZO, IZO), low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS), or amorphous silicon (a-Si). For example, indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) is used, which has high electron mobility, good uniformity, and stability, making it suitable for high-resolution, high-refresh-rate display panels. IGZO-TFTs also have low leakage current, helping to reduce power consumption and improve the energy efficiency of the display panel. In other embodiments, the thin-film transistor array 102 is made of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, which has even higher carrier mobility, making it ideal for manufacturing high-resolution, highly integrated display panels. This allows for smaller transistor sizes and higher aperture ratios, thereby improving transmittance. In some embodiments, the thin-film transistor array 102 is made of amorphous silicon, a material with mature manufacturing processes and low cost, making it suitable for economical manufacturing solutions for large-size display panels. Although amorphous silicon TFTs have lower electron mobility, they still offer good cost-effectiveness in some applications with less demanding performance requirements.

[0022] A liquid crystal layer 103 is disposed on a first substrate 101, and typically consists of two alignment layers and a liquid crystal material sandwiched between them. The liquid crystal material can be of various types, such as twisted nematic (TN), vertically aligned (VA), planar conversion (IPS), or advanced superdimensional field conversion (ADS), with the appropriate liquid crystal mode selected based on the specific application. Under the influence of an electric field, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 undergo an orientation change, thereby controlling the light transmittance and achieving the display function. This orientation change of the liquid crystal molecules is achieved by applying a voltage; a change in voltage causes the liquid crystal molecules to rearrange, thereby altering the light transmission path and ultimately displaying the image. For example, in a TN liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules are helically aligned when no electric field is applied, rotating the polarization direction of the incident light by 90°, thus matching the second polarizer and achieving light transmission; when an electric field is applied, the liquid crystal molecules align along the direction of the electric field, losing their optical rotation, and the light is blocked by the second polarizer, achieving light shielding. In IPS or ADS type LCDs, liquid crystal molecules primarily switch within a plane, resulting in a wider viewing angle and better color consistency, making them suitable for high-quality display requirements. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is typically controlled between 2 and 5 μm, with spacers used to maintain cell thickness uniformity. Cell thickness uniformity directly affects display consistency and visual effects.

[0023] The second substrate 104 is disposed on the liquid crystal layer 103, and the second substrate 104 is made of a transparent material. The transparent material can be glass or transparent plastic to ensure that light can pass through effectively. The choice of transparent material is crucial to the optical performance of the display panel, as it directly affects the light transmission efficiency and display effect. The transparent material can be soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, quartz glass, or transparent polymer materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polyimide (PI). Choosing high-transmittance, low-reflection glass or optical-grade plastic can achieve a visible light transmittance of over 90%, ensuring that light can pass through effectively. The second substrate 104 and the first substrate 101 are sealed together with a sealant to form a liquid crystal cell. The sealant is usually epoxy resin or UV-curable adhesive, which has good adhesion and moisture resistance, preventing liquid crystal contamination and the intrusion of external water and oxygen. The inner surface of the second substrate 104 is typically coated with a common electrode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or other transparent conductive oxides. This common electrode forms an electric field with the pixel electrodes on the first substrate 101 to drive the liquid crystal deflection. In some advanced applications, a color filter and a black matrix may also be fabricated on the second substrate 104. However, in some preferred embodiments of this invention, to improve transmittance, the second substrate 104 may not have a color filter. The color is directly achieved by the RGB color separation of the backlight module, thereby avoiding light absorption loss from the filter and significantly improving light utilization efficiency and color gamut.

[0024] The polarizer 105 includes a first polarizer 1051 and a second polarizer 1052. The first polarizer 1051 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 101 away from the liquid crystal layer 103, and the second polarizer 1052 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 104 away from the liquid crystal layer 103. The polarization directions of the first polarizer 1051 and the second polarizer 1052 are different, and they are usually set to be perpendicular to each other. This allows the optical rotation properties of liquid crystal molecules to control whether light passes through, thereby achieving a display effect. For example, when there is no electric field, light passes through the first polarizer 1051, rotates after passing through the liquid crystal layer 103, and cannot pass through the second polarizer 1052, resulting in a black state. When an electric field is applied, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules changes, and the polarization direction of the light also changes accordingly, allowing it to partially or completely pass through the second polarizer 1052, resulting in different shades of gray or white.

[0025] Polarizer 105 is typically a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based polarizing film, which is stretched and oriented after being dyed with iodine or dyes, resulting in high polarization degree and transmittance. The outer side of polarizer 105 may also be coated with optical films such as protective film (e.g., TAC film), anti-glare layer (AG), anti-reflective layer (AR), or hardening layer (HC) to improve durability and optical performance.

[0026] This invention improves the overall transmittance of the display panel 10 by setting the second substrate 104 as a transparent substrate and omitting the color filter in some embodiments. This significantly increases the light transmittance and color gamut of the display panel 10 by 60-80%. Traditional TFT-LCDs with color filters typically have a transmittance of only 5-8%, making them ideal for applications requiring high brightness and high color accuracy. This improvement significantly enhances the light transmittance and color gamut of the display panel.

[0027] Please continue reading. Figure 1 , Figure 1 The display panel shown also includes a backlight module 106. The backlight module 106 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 104 away from the liquid crystal layer 103. The backlight module 106 includes partitioned backlight units 107, each partition independently containing a red light-emitting chip 1071, a green light-emitting chip 1072, and a blue light-emitting chip 1073, respectively. This partitioned structure enables the display panel to achieve local dimming, improving contrast and color performance. By independently controlling the backlight in different areas, a more refined image display effect can be achieved.

[0028] The backlight unit 107 can use Mini-LED or Micro-LED chips with a size between 50 and 200 μm, featuring high brightness, high reliability, and fast response. The red light-emitting chip 1071 can be made of AlGaInP material, while the green and blue light-emitting chips 1072 and 1073 can be made of InGaN material. Through flip-chip or vertical structure packaging, it offers excellent heat dissipation and light extraction efficiency. This zoned structure enables the display panel to achieve local dimming. By independently controlling the brightness of the RGB chips in each zone, contrast and color performance can be significantly improved, achieving HDR display effects. Independent control of the backlight in different areas allows for more refined image display effects, avoiding the blooming phenomenon in traditional global dimming and improving image quality.

[0029] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a top view structural diagram of a backlight module provided by this utility model. The partition shape of the backlight units 107 can be rectangular, hexagonal, or circular. In some embodiments, the partition shape of the backlight units 107 is rectangular. This shape can better fill the plane, reduce the gap between backlight units, improve backlight uniformity, and is suitable for most rectangular display areas. Rectangular partitions are easy to arrange and combine, can make full use of the space of the backlight module, and improve luminous efficiency. In some embodiments, the partition shape of the backlight units 107 is hexagonal. Hexagonal partitions can form a honeycomb structure, reduce the gap between partitions, improve backlight uniformity and optical efficiency, reduce the light mixing distance (OD), and achieve a thinner module design. In some embodiments, the partition shape of the backlight units 107 is circular. Circular partitions are more conducive to light focusing and transmission, further optimize the display effect, improve transmittance, and are suitable for projection applications with high light shape requirements. The number and size of the partitions can be designed according to the display resolution and dimming accuracy requirements. Typically, the number of partitions ranges from hundreds to thousands. The smaller the partition, the higher the local dimming accuracy, but the driving complexity also increases accordingly.

[0030] Please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a backlight module provided by this utility model. A light-shielding structure 108 is provided between the partitions of the backlight unit 107. The light-shielding structure 108 is a dam-like structure formed by a white or black frame adhesive through a dispensing process. The dispensing process can be implemented using screen printing, inkjet printing, or a precision dispensing machine, offering high precision and efficiency. In some embodiments, the light-shielding structure 108 is made of black frame adhesive, which effectively absorbs stray light, prevents light crosstalk between adjacent backlight units, and improves the contrast of the display panel. The black frame adhesive is typically an epoxy resin or silicone substrate with added carbon black or black dye, possessing high light absorption and good formability. In some other embodiments, the light-shielding structure 108 is made of white frame adhesive, which may contain white pigments such as titanium dioxide or barium sulfate, capable of reflecting light, improving light utilization efficiency, reducing light loss, and suitable for scenarios requiring high brightness. The height of the light-shielding structure 108 is higher than the upper surface of the backlight unit 107, which can better isolate the individual backlight units 107 and prevent light leakage. The material of the light-shielding structure 108 can be epoxy resin, silicone, or acrylic resin, and the light-shielding structure also contains light-shielding particles such as titanium dioxide or carbon black. In some embodiments, the light-shielding structure 108 is made of epoxy resin and contains an appropriate amount of carbon black particles. This combination has good light-shielding performance and processing performance.

[0031] The height of the light-shielding structure 108 is higher than the upper surface of the light-emitting chip in the backlight unit 107, which better isolates the various backlight units 107 and prevents light leakage and optical crosstalk. The dam height is typically 20-100 μm higher than the chip to ensure optical isolation. The material of the light-shielding structure 108 can be optical adhesives such as epoxy resin, silicone, or acrylic resin, which have good adhesion, heat resistance, and aging resistance. The light-shielding structure also incorporates light-shielding particles such as titanium dioxide (for white) or carbon black (for black), with pigment particle sizes between 0.1 and 5 μm, and uniform dispersion to ensure stable light-shielding or reflection effects. In addition to the dam form, the light-shielding structure can also be in other forms such as grid or stripe to adapt to different partition layouts. A reflective film 109 is deposited on the surface of the backlight unit 107. The reflective film 109 reflects light emitted towards the back, improving light utilization efficiency and enhancing the brightness of the display panel. The reflective film 109 is typically made of a high-reflectivity metallic material or a high-reflectivity composite material. In some embodiments, the reflective film 109 is made of a high-reflectivity metallic material (such as silver or aluminum) or a high-reflectivity white composite material (such as a PET+TiO2 coating). Silver films have the highest reflectivity (up to 98% or more), but are more expensive; aluminum films have slightly lower reflectivity (about 85-90%), but are less expensive; white reflective films have a reflectivity of about 95% and good diffuse reflection characteristics, which helps improve brightness uniformity. The reflective film 109 can be further designed with a microstructured surface (such as a prism or microlens array) to control the light shape and emission angle, improving front brightness and optical efficiency.

[0032] The display panel 10 provided in this embodiment achieves high contrast and high color saturation by partitioning the backlight module 106 and using RGB three-color light-emitting chips, combined with the light modulation effect of the liquid crystal layer and polarizer. Simultaneously, by setting a light-shielding structure 108 between the backlight units 107, light crosstalk is effectively prevented, further improving display quality. The optimized design and structure of the display panel result in excellent display performance and energy efficiency, making it suitable for various demanding display applications.

[0033] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a display device provided by this utility model. The display device 100 includes a display panel 10 and a circuit module 20. The circuit module 20 is used to provide image signals and backlight control signals to the display panel 10.

[0034] The circuit module 20 is electrically connected to the display panel 10 via a flexible printed circuit board (FPC) or a board-to-board (BTB) connector. It mainly includes a timing control circuit (TCON), a source driver circuit, a gate driver circuit, and a backlight driver circuit. The timing control circuit receives externally input video signals (such as LVDS, eDP, MIPI, etc.) and converts them into timing and data signals suitable for driving the display panel 10. The driver circuit receives the signals output by the timing control circuit and generates scan and data signals to drive the thin-film transistor array 102. The scan signals sequentially activate each row of TFTs through the gate driver circuit, and the data signals are written to each pixel electrode through the source driver circuit, forming a driving voltage to control the liquid crystal deflection. The backlight control circuit, based on factors such as the displayed content and ambient light, uses PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or analog dimming to independently adjust the brightness and emission sequence of the red light-emitting chip 1071, green light-emitting chip 1072, and blue light-emitting chip 1073 in each zone of the backlight module 106, achieving dynamic backlight control (DBC) to achieve optimal display effects and energy-saving goals. Backlight control can be global dimming or zone-based local dimming. The latter can be combined with image analysis for real-time adjustment, reducing or even turning off the backlight in dark areas and increasing the backlight in bright areas, thereby achieving high dynamic range (HDR) display and significantly improving contrast.

[0035] When the display device is operating, the circuit module 20 first processes the input image signal into a driving signal suitable for the display panel 10. Through the driving circuit, it controls the switching state of each pixel unit in the thin-film transistor array 102, thereby controlling the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 103 and modulating the backlight transmittance. Simultaneously, the circuit module also outputs a backlight control signal to control the luminous intensity and timing of the red light-emitting chip 1071, green light-emitting chip 1072, and blue light-emitting chip 1073 in the backlight module 106. The light emitted by the backlight module 106, after modulation by the liquid crystal layer 103 and filtering by the polarizer 105, forms a visible image, thus achieving the display function. Due to the use of RGB direct-lit local dimming backlighting, the display device can achieve a wider color gamut, higher contrast, and more accurate color reproduction.

[0036] In some embodiments, the circuit module 20 further includes an ambient light sensor (ALS) and an intelligent dimming control unit. The ambient light sensor detects the ambient light intensity and color temperature, while the intelligent dimming control unit automatically adjusts the backlight brightness according to the ambient light intensity, ensuring display quality while saving energy. For example, in strong light environments, the backlight brightness is increased to improve visibility, while in low light environments, the backlight brightness is reduced to decrease glare and power consumption. The intelligent dimming control unit can also dynamically adjust the three-color light-emitting chips in the backlight module 106 according to the brightness and color distribution of the displayed content, improving display contrast and color saturation. For example, when displaying a red image, the brightness of the red chip can be increased individually while the brightness of the green and blue chips is decreased, thereby improving the red purity and overall contrast. In addition, the circuit module can also integrate a temperature sensor and a heat dissipation management unit to monitor the display device temperature in real time, adjust the backlight current and drive waveform, avoid overheating, and ensure long-term reliable operation.

[0037] The display device 100 provided by this utility model can be applied to automotive HUDs, fighter jet HUDs, projection equipment, televisions, computer monitors, mobile phones, tablets, or other electronic devices with display functions. In the HUD display interface design, the use of solid-color patterns can further enhance light transmittance and color display effects. When used in automotive HUDs, the display device needs to have high brightness (≥10000 nits), high transmittance, high reliability, and wide operating temperature range. The display panel provided by this utility model has high transmittance, wide color gamut, and adaptability to strong light environments, making it very suitable for this application. When used in projection equipment, high transmittance and RGB color separation backlighting can improve light efficiency and image quality while reducing system power consumption. When used in televisions or monitors, it can achieve HDR1000 or even higher standards for video display, bringing an immersive viewing experience.

[0038] The display device 100 provided by this utility model includes a display panel 10 and a circuit module 20. Light transmittance is improved by setting the second substrate 104 in the display panel 10 as a transparent substrate. Furthermore, the backlight module 106 in the display panel 10 is improved. The backlight module 106 includes partitioned backlight units 107, each partition independently containing red, green, and blue light-emitting chips. A light-shielding structure 108 is provided between the partitions of the backlight units 107. The light-shielding structure 108 is a dam structure formed by dispensing white or black frame adhesive. This utility model improves the display color gamut and light transmittance efficiency of the display panel through the special backlight module 106 design and the light-shielding structure 108 configuration.

[0039] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that, include: A first substrate, on which a thin-film transistor array is disposed; A liquid crystal layer, wherein the liquid crystal layer is disposed on the first substrate; The second substrate is disposed on the liquid crystal layer and is made of a transparent material; The polarizer includes a first polarizer and a second polarizer. The first polarizer is disposed on the side of the first substrate away from the liquid crystal layer, and the second polarizer is disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer. The polarization directions of the first polarizer and the second polarizer are different.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a backlight module, which is disposed on the side of the second substrate away from the liquid crystal layer. The backlight module includes backlight units arranged in zones, and each zone is independently provided with a backlight unit consisting of a red light-emitting chip, a green light-emitting chip, and a blue light-emitting chip.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The backlight unit can be divided into rectangular, hexagonal, or circular shapes.

4. The display panel according to claim 2, characterized in that, A light-shielding structure is provided between the partitions of the backlight unit.

5. The display panel according to claim 4, characterized in that, The light-shielding structure is a dam structure formed by applying white or black frame adhesive through a dispensing process.

6. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The height of the dam structure is higher than the upper surface of the light-emitting chip.

7. The display panel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The light-shielding structure is made of epoxy resin, silicone or acrylic resin, and also contains light-shielding particles such as titanium dioxide or carbon black.

8. The display panel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface of the light-emitting chip is covered with a reflective film.

9. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thin-film transistor array is a monochromatic thin-film transistor, which includes monochromatic thin-film transistors formed based on any one of metal oxide semiconductor, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, or amorphous silicon materials.

10. A display device, characterized in that, The display panel and circuit module according to any one of claims 1-9 are included, wherein the circuit module is used to provide image signals and backlight control signals to the display module.

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