A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system

Abstract

The utility model relates to lithium cell technical field, and disclose a kind of lithium battery thermal runaway protection system, including detection module, main control module, execution module, cooling drive module, fire extinguishing drive module, alarm module;The signal output port of detection module is connected with the signal input port of main control module by wired or wireless communication, the signal output port of main control module is connected with the signal input port of execution module by wired communication, the signal output port of main control module is connected with the signal input port of cooling drive module by wired communication, the signal output port of main control module is connected with the signal input port of fire extinguishing drive module by wired communication, the signal output port of main control module is connected with the signal input port of alarm module by wired communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium battery technology, specifically to a lithium battery thermal runaway protection system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage power stations, lithium-ion batteries are widely used due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, under conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, internal short circuits, or mechanical abuse, lithium batteries are prone to internal chain exothermic reactions, leading to thermal runaway. During thermal runaway, the battery generates heat rapidly and releases high-temperature, flammable electrolyte vapors, fumes, and flames, which can easily trigger a chain reaction throughout the battery pack or system, causing fires or even explosions, posing a serious threat to life and property safety.

[0003] Currently, most common lithium battery thermal runaway protection schemes rely on monitoring single or a few parameters such as voltage, current, and surface temperature. These schemes have significant limitations: First, their early warning mechanisms are lagging; when voltage or surface temperature becomes abnormal, the battery has often already entered an irreversible thermal runaway stage, missing the optimal intervention window. Second, the false alarm rate is high; a single voltage or temperature fluctuation may originate from normal operating conditions, causing the system to malfunction and affecting normal equipment use. Finally, the reliability of existing protection measures is insufficient. For example, the main circuit disconnect device is usually controlled solely by the main controller; if the controller itself fails, the entire protection system faces the risk of failure.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies lack effective monitoring of early signs of thermal runaway and a multi-level, coordinated response strategy encompassing "early warning-cooling-extinguishing." Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a comprehensive thermal runaway protection system capable of early warning, accurate assessment, and highly reliable intervention. Utility Model Content

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a lithium battery thermal runaway protection system.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To address the above problems, this application provides the following technical solution: A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system, comprising: The detection module is used to collect information on the voltage, current, internal gas concentration, temperature, and fire status of the lithium battery; the detection module includes a temperature sensor, a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a gas detection unit, and a fire monitoring unit. The main control module is communicatively connected to the detection module and is used to receive data information from the detection module, process and analyze it, and when it is determined that the threshold is exceeded, it sends control commands to the first execution module, the cooling drive module and the fire extinguishing drive module. An execution module is used to cut off the main circuit; the execution module includes a first execution unit and a second execution unit; the first execution unit receives the control command from the main control module and cuts off the main circuit; the second execution unit is used to receive the signal from the current detection unit and directly cut off the main circuit. The cooling drive module receives control commands from the main control module to dissipate heat. The fire extinguishing drive module receives control commands from the main control module to extinguish the fire; The alarm module receives abnormal signals from the main control module and triggers an audible and visual alarm. The signal output port of the detection module is connected to the signal input port of the main control module via wired or wireless communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the execution module via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the cooling drive module via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the fire extinguishing drive module via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the alarm module via wired communication.

[0007] Preferably, the gas detection unit includes a first gas sensor, a second gas sensor, and a third gas sensor. The first gas sensor is used to detect the carbon monoxide concentration inside the lithium battery in real time, the second gas sensor is used to detect the hydrogen concentration inside the lithium battery in real time, and the third gas sensor is used to detect the concentration of volatile organic compounds inside the lithium battery.

[0008] Preferably, the fire monitoring unit is at least one of a smoke sensor and a flame sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the current detection unit includes a sampling resistor and a current amplifier.

[0010] Preferably, the voltage detection unit includes a voltage divider resistor and a filter capacitor.

[0011] Preferably, the first execution unit includes a first transistor and a first MOSFET.

[0012] Preferably, the second execution unit includes a second transistor and a first MOSFET.

[0013] Preferably, the cooling drive module includes a second MOSFET and a fan motor.

[0014] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, this application provides a lithium battery thermal runaway protection system, which has the following advantages: 1. By integrating a gas detection unit and a fire monitoring unit, and combining them with traditional voltage, current, and temperature signals, this system constructs a multi-parameter fusion diagnostic mechanism. In the initial stage when the battery temperature rise is not obvious, this system can identify potential risks by capturing subtle changes in the concentration of characteristic gases, greatly advancing the warning time. At the same time, the cross-validation of multi-source information effectively avoids false alarms caused by interference from a single signal, significantly improving the accuracy of the judgment.

[0015] 2. The system is designed with a dual-execution unit structure. The first execution unit is controlled by the intelligent decision-making of the main control module to achieve precise disconnection; while the second execution unit can directly respond to the overcurrent signal of the current detection unit to achieve millisecond-level rapid hardware direct disconnection; even in the extreme case of failure of the main control module, the system safety can still be guaranteed through the hardware loop, which greatly improves the reliability of the entire protection system.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to this application; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to this application.

[0018] Attached reference numerals: 1. Detection module, 2. Main control module, 3. Execution module, 4. Cooling drive module, 5. Fire extinguishing drive module, 6. Alarm module. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-2 This application provides a new technical solution: a lithium battery thermal runaway protection system, comprising: a detection module 1, a main control module 2, an execution module 3, a cooling drive module 4, a fire extinguishing drive module 5, and an alarm module 6; The detection module 1 is used to collect information on the voltage, current, internal gas concentration, temperature, and fire status of the lithium battery. The detection module 1 includes a temperature sensor U5, a voltage detection unit 120, a current detection unit 130, a gas detection unit 140, and a fire monitoring unit 150. The main control module 2 is communicatively connected to the detection module 1. It is used to receive data information from the detection module 1, process and analyze it, and when it is determined that the threshold is exceeded, it sends control commands to the first execution module 310, the cooling drive module 4 and the fire extinguishing drive module 5. Execution module 3 is used to cut off the main circuit; the execution module 3 includes a first execution unit 310 and a second execution unit 320; the first execution unit 310 receives the control command from the main control module 2 and cuts off the main circuit; the second execution unit 320 is used to receive the signal from the current detection unit and directly cut off the main circuit. The cooling drive module 4 receives control commands from the main control module 2 to dissipate heat; The fire extinguishing drive module 5 receives the control command from the main control module 2 and performs fire extinguishing; Alarm module 6 receives abnormal signals from the main control module 2 and triggers an audible and visual alarm. The signal output port of the detection module 1 is connected to the signal input port of the main control module 2 via wired or wireless communication. The signal output port of the main control module 2 is connected to the signal input port of the execution module 3 via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module 2 is connected to the signal input port of the cooling drive module 4 via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module 2 is connected to the signal input port of the fire extinguishing drive module 5 via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module 2 is connected to the signal input port of the alarm module 6 via wired communication.

[0024] The main control module 2 has a built-in microcontroller U1.

[0025] The gas detection unit 140 includes a first gas sensor U4, a second gas sensor U6, and a third gas sensor U7. The first gas sensor U4 is used to detect the carbon monoxide concentration inside the lithium battery in real time, the second gas sensor U6 is used to detect the hydrogen concentration inside the lithium battery in real time, and the third gas sensor U7 is used to detect the concentration of volatile organic compounds inside the lithium battery.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, the VDD pin of the first gas sensor U4 is connected to a 3.3V voltage, the GND pin of the first gas sensor U4 is grounded, and the AO pin of the first gas sensor U4 is connected to the PA2 pin of the microcontroller U1. The second gas sensor U6 has its VDD pin connected to 3.3V, its GND pin grounded, its AO pin connected to the PA3 pin of the microcontroller U1, and its HEATER pin connected to 5V. The third gas sensor U7 has its VDD pin connected to a 3.3V voltage, its GND pin grounded, its SCL pin connected to the microcontroller U1's PB10 pin, its SDA pin connected to the microcontroller U1's PB11 pin, and its WAK pin connected to the microcontroller U1's PB5 pin. The SDA and SCL pins of the third gas sensor U7 are used for data transmission, and the WA pin is used for reset.

[0027] The VDD pin of temperature sensor U5 is connected to a 3.3V voltage, the GND pin of temperature sensor U5 is grounded, and the SCL and SDA pins of temperature sensor U5 are connected to PB6 and PB7 of microcontroller U1.

[0028] In this invention, the fire monitoring unit 150 is at least one of a smoke sensor and a flame sensor.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, the fire monitoring unit 150 uses a smoke sensor to detect the fire. The SCL and SDA pins of the smoke sensor are connected to pins PB6 and PB7 of the microcontroller U1 (not shown in the figure).

[0030] In this invention, the current detection unit 130 includes a sampling resistor R1 and a current amplifier U2.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the sampling resistor R1 is connected in series between the lithium battery H1 and the load H2, the current amplifier U2 is connected in parallel across the resistor R1, the output of the current amplifier U2 is connected to the non-inverting input of the comparator U3.1 after being filtered by RC, and the inverting input is connected to the reference voltage R4 and R3 divided from the positive terminal of the lithium battery H1; the pin OUT of the current amplifier U2 is connected to the pin PA1 of the microcontroller U1. In this invention, the voltage detection unit 120 includes voltage divider resistors R3 and R4, and filter capacitor C4.

[0032] In this invention, the first execution unit 310 includes a first transistor Q4 and a first MOSFET Q1.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, the first transistor Q4 is connected to pin PB0 of the microcontroller U1, and the first transistor Q4 is connected to the first MOSFET Q1. The microcontroller U1 issues a control command, outputs a high level, turns on the first transistor Q4, and drives the first MOSFET Q1 to cut off the circuit.

[0034] In this invention, the second execution unit 320 includes a second transistor Q3 and a first MOSFET Q1.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, when a short circuit occurs, the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of comparator U3.1 is greater than the inverting input voltage, comparator U3.1 outputs a high level, turns on the second transistor Q3, and drives the first MOSFET Q1 to cut off the circuit.

[0036] In this embodiment, the microcontroller U1 can also receive control commands from a remote server to drive the first MOS transistor Q1 to cut off the circuit.

[0037] In this invention, the cooling drive module 4 includes a second MOS transistor Q5 and a fan motor J1.

[0038] The PA8 output of the microcontroller U1 outputs a PWM signal, which is connected to the pin G of the second MOSFET Q5 through resistor R12. The pin D of the second MOSFET Q5 is connected to the negative terminal (pin 2) of the fan motor J1. The positive terminal (pin 1) of the fan motor J1 is connected to a 12V voltage. A freewheeling diode is connected in parallel between the negative and positive terminals of the fan motor J1.

[0039] Fire extinguishing drive module 5 includes a third MOSFET Q6 and a solenoid valve J2; The PA9 output of microcontroller U1 outputs a PWM signal, which is connected to pin G of the third MOSFET Q6 through resistor R13. Pin D of the third MOSFET Q6 is connected to pin 2 of solenoid valve J2. Pin 1 of solenoid valve J2 is connected to 12V voltage. A freewheeling diode is connected in parallel between pins 1 and 2 of fan motor J1.

[0040] The microcontroller U1 sends control commands to drive the fan motor J1 and the solenoid valve J2 through pins PA9 and PA8.

[0041] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0042] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system, characterized in that, include: The detection module is used to collect information on the voltage, current, internal gas concentration, temperature, and fire status of the lithium battery; the detection module includes a temperature sensor, a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit, a gas detection unit, and a fire monitoring unit. The main control module is communicatively connected to the detection module and is used to receive data information from the detection module, process and analyze it, and when it is determined that the threshold is exceeded, it sends control commands to the first execution module, the cooling drive module and the fire extinguishing drive module. An execution module is used to cut off the main circuit; the execution module includes a first execution unit and a second execution unit; the first execution unit receives the control command from the main control module and cuts off the main circuit; the second execution unit is used to receive the signal from the current detection unit and directly cut off the main circuit. The cooling drive module receives control commands from the main control module to dissipate heat. The fire extinguishing drive module receives control commands from the main control module to extinguish the fire; The alarm module receives abnormal signals from the main control module and triggers an audible and visual alarm. The signal output port of the detection module is connected to the signal input port of the main control module via wired or wireless communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the execution module via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the cooling drive module via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the fire extinguishing drive module via wired communication. The signal output port of the main control module is connected to the signal input port of the alarm module via wired communication.

2. The lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas detection unit includes a first gas sensor, a second gas sensor, and a third gas sensor. The first gas sensor is used to detect the carbon monoxide concentration inside the lithium battery in real time, the second gas sensor is used to detect the hydrogen concentration inside the lithium battery in real time, and the third gas sensor is used to detect the concentration of volatile organic compounds inside the lithium battery.

3. The lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire monitoring unit is at least one of a smoke sensor and a flame sensor.

4. The lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current detection unit includes a sampling resistor and a current amplifier.

5. A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage detection unit includes a voltage divider resistor and a filter capacitor.

6. A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first execution unit includes a first transistor and a first MOSFET.

7. A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second execution unit includes a second transistor and a first MOSFET.

8. A lithium battery thermal runaway protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling drive module includes a second MOSFET and a fan motor.

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