Spark plug with pre-chamber and internal combustion engine

Abstract

The application discloses a spark plug with a pre-chamber and an internal combustion engine. The spark plug comprises a spark plug body and a pre-chamber cap. A part of the spark plug body extends into the inner cavity of the pre-chamber cap. The spark plug body and the pre-chamber cap jointly define a pre-chamber. The top of the pre-chamber cap is provided with a pre-chamber injection hole. The peripheral wall of the spark plug body is provided with a spark plug gas exchange hole. The peripheral wall of the pre-chamber cap is provided with a pre-chamber cap gas exchange hole matched with the spark plug gas exchange hole. The pre-chamber cap can reciprocate relative to the spark plug body, so that the pre-chamber cap can be switched between a first position and a second position. When the pre-chamber cap is located at the first position, the spark plug gas exchange hole is connected with the pre-chamber cap gas exchange hole. When the pre-chamber cap is located at the second position, the other end of the spark plug gas exchange hole is staggered with the other end of the pre-chamber cap gas exchange hole. The pre-chamber cap injects fire at the second position and exchanges gas and discharges waste at the first position, so that the exhaust efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and in particular to a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, and also includes an internal combustion engine equipped with the spark plug. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines, pre-combustion chamber spark plug jet ignition is a promising technology. A pre-combustion chamber spark plug has a metal cap at the spark plug head, forming a pre-combustion chamber cavity with the spark plug shell. Multiple evenly or unevenly distributed nozzles are arranged in the metal cap of the pre-combustion chamber, connecting it to the main combustion chamber. During combustion, the pre-combustion chamber ignites first, and the flame ignites the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber through the nozzles in the pre-combustion chamber, creating a jet flame. Because the multi-nozzle jet flame can provide multiple in-cylinder ignition points, the in-cylinder combustion speed is rapidly increased, thereby improving engine thermal efficiency. However, since the pre-combustion chamber cavity is only connected to the main combustion chamber through a limited number of nozzles, insufficient air exchange can easily occur in the pre-combustion chamber, resulting in a high concentration of residual exhaust gas, which affects the combustion stability of the pre-combustion chamber and the combustion speed of the main combustion chamber.

[0003] In existing technological solutions, increasing the number or diameter of ventilation holes is generally used to improve ventilation. However, while this method improves ventilation, the increased number of holes involved in the jet process leads to an increase in the total hole area, which weakens the jet penetration distance and jet intensity. This reduces the combustion acceleration effect on the main combustion chamber and is not conducive to improving engine thermal efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, when the existing technology adopts the solution of increasing ventilation holes to improve ventilation, there are problems such as affecting the combustion in the pre-combustion chamber and weakening the pre-combustion jet. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve the problems in the prior art where adding vent holes to the spark plug in the pre-combustion chamber to improve ventilation affects the combustion in the pre-combustion chamber and weakens the pre-combustion jet.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the embodiments of this application disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, including a spark plug body and a pre-combustion chamber cap. A portion of the spark plug body extends through the cap opening of the pre-combustion chamber cap into the inner cavity of the pre-combustion chamber cap along its length direction. The outer wall surface of the spark plug body is in contact with the inner wall surface of the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap, and the spark plug body and the pre-combustion chamber cap together define the pre-combustion chamber. A pre-combustion chamber nozzle is provided on the top of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

[0007] The spark plug body has a spark plug vent hole on its peripheral wall within the pre-combustion chamber, one end of which communicates with the interior of the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber cap has a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole on its peripheral wall, which is adapted to the spark plug vent hole, one end of which communicates with the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap. Furthermore, the pre-combustion chamber cap can reciprocate relative to the spark plug body along the length of the spark plug body, allowing the pre-combustion chamber cap to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the spark plug body.

[0008] When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the other end of the spark plug vent hole is connected to and communicates with the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap in sequence through the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the second position, the other end of the spark plug vent hole is offset from the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber is isolated from the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, this application provides a spark plug vent hole on the spark plug body and a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole on the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap that communicates with the spark plug vent hole. When the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole are connected and communicate with each other, the ventilation channel in the pre-combustion chamber can be improved and increased through the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole.

[0010] Specifically, during pre-combustion, the pressure inside the pre-combustion chamber increases, causing the pre-combustion chamber cap to move from the first position to the second position relative to the spark plug body. At this point, the spark plug vent and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent are misaligned and not connected. The number of nozzles in the pre-combustion chamber remains unchanged, ensuring that the flame ejected from the pre-combustion chamber nozzles has a high jet intensity and a long jet penetration distance, thereby improving combustion acceleration in the main combustion chamber and engine thermal efficiency. When scavenging is required, the pre-combustion chamber cap returns from the second position to the first position, and the spark plug vent connects with the pre-combustion chamber cap vent. The interior of the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap sequentially through the spark plug vent and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent, increasing the number of exhaust gas vents and allowing for faster and more thorough scavenging, quickly expelling residual exhaust gas from the pre-combustion chamber. Furthermore, this application utilizes the increase in internal temperature and pressure during the combustion process of the pre-combustion chamber to cause a change in the position of the pre-combustion chamber cap, thereby switching between the connected and misaligned states of the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole. The vent hole is misaligned during pre-combustion and connected during venting. The structure is simple and has a wide range of applications.

[0011] This application also discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. An elastic member is disposed between the peripheral sidewall of the spark plug body and the peripheral sidewall of the pre-combustion chamber cap, and the elastic member extends along the length direction of the spark plug body and is located outside the pre-combustion chamber. The elastic member applies an initial preload to the pre-combustion chamber cap to keep it in a first position; and when the force acting on the elastic member overcomes the initial preload, the pre-combustion chamber cap can move from the first position to a second position. When the force is removed, the elastic member elastically resets and pushes the pre-combustion chamber cap back to the first position.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, an elastic element is set up. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is pushed to the second position by the gas pressure in the combustion chamber, the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole are misaligned and then elastically reset. After returning to the first position, the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole are connected for ventilation, increasing the exhaust gas passage. The structure is simple and does not require additional drive structures.

[0013] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. A first stop is provided on the outer wall of the spark plug body. A limiting groove is provided on the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap near the cap opening. The opening of the limiting groove faces the outer wall of the spark plug body. The first stop extends into the limiting groove through the opening of the limiting groove. An elastic element is fixedly disposed between the first stop and the side wall of the limiting groove.

[0014] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the first stop portion is configured as a first retaining ring, the first retaining ring protrudes from the outer wall surface of the spark plug body, and the limiting groove is configured as a limiting ring groove, the limiting ring groove surrounding the outer periphery of the spark plug body.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the first retaining ring and the limiting ring groove are matched to limit the pre-combustion chamber cap and prevent the pre-combustion chamber cap from shifting or becoming misaligned.

[0016] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the elastic element includes a plurality of springs, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the limiting ring groove.

[0017] One end of each spring is connected to the first retaining ring, and the other end is connected to the lower side wall of the limiting ring groove. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the elastic element is pre-stretched. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is subjected to force and moves to the second position in a direction away from the spark plug body, each spring is stretched.

[0018] Alternatively, in another implementation, one end of each spring is connected to the first retaining ring, and the other end is connected to the upper side wall of the limiting ring groove. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the elastic element is pre-compressed. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is moved to the second position by force in a direction away from the spark plug body, each spring is compressed.

[0019] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. A second stop is provided on the peripheral sidewall of the pre-combustion chamber cap, protruding from the inner wall surface of the pre-combustion chamber cap and located inside the pre-combustion chamber. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the second stop abuts against the bottom end of the spark plug body, causing the other end of the spark plug vent hole to connect and communicate with the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, a second stop is set. When the pre-combustion chamber cap returns to the first position, it is precisely limited by the second stop, ensuring that the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole are connected for ventilation.

[0021] This application also discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, wherein multiple spark plug vent holes and multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are provided. The multiple spark plug vent holes are equally spaced along the circumference of the spark plug body, and the multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are equally spaced along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap. Alternatively, the multiple spark plug vent holes are spaced at varying intervals along the circumference of the spark plug body, and the multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are spaced at varying intervals along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution and setting multiple spark plug vent holes and pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes, the venting efficiency can be improved.

[0023] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, wherein a plurality of spark plug vent holes are arranged in at least two rows of spark plug vent holes, a plurality of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are arranged in at least two rows of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes, and the at least two rows of spark plug vent holes are spaced apart along the length direction of the spark plug body, and the at least two rows of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are spaced apart along the length direction of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, two rows of spark plug vent holes are set, which is more efficient. Furthermore, the stroke of the pre-combustion chamber cap can be adjusted according to the combustion requirements of the internal combustion engine. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in different positions, it can achieve two rows of variable holes overlapping, one row of variable holes overlapping, or no variable holes overlapping, thereby changing the number of vent holes more flexibly over a wider range.

[0025] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, wherein multiple spark plug vent holes are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes, and a set of vent holes is formed by a spark plug vent hole and a corresponding pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole, wherein the diameter of multiple sets of vent holes is set to be the same or different.

[0026] The embodiments of this application also disclose an internal combustion engine, including a cylinder head and a spark plug having a pre-combustion chamber as described above. The spark plug body is fixedly disposed on the top of the cylinder head away from the combustion chamber, and the spark plug body penetrates the cylinder head along its thickness direction. The pre-combustion chamber cap is located on the side of the cylinder head closer to the combustion chamber.

[0027] In summary, this application discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber and an internal combustion engine including such a spark plug. A spark plug vent is provided on the spark plug body, and a pre-combustion chamber cap vent is provided on the peripheral wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap, communicating with the spark plug vent. When the pre-combustion chamber is burning, the pressure inside the pre-combustion chamber increases during combustion, pushing the pre-combustion chamber cap to a second position. At this time, the spark plug vent and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent are misaligned and not connected, ensuring that the flame ejected from the pre-combustion chamber nozzle has a high jet intensity and jet penetration distance. When ventilation is required for exhaust, the pre-combustion chamber cap is in a first position, and the spark plug vent communicates with the pre-combustion chamber cap vent. The interior of the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap sequentially through the spark plug vent and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent, increasing the number of vents, resulting in faster and more complete ventilation, and enabling rapid discharge of residual exhaust gas from the pre-combustion chamber. By further incorporating an elastic element, after the pre-combustion chamber cap is pushed to the second position by the gas pressure inside the combustion chamber, the elastic element can automatically return to the first position under the action of elastic force. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber in the first position, provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber in the second position, provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is another structural schematic diagram of a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] 100. Spark plug body;

[0033] 110. Spark plug vent; 120. First retaining ring;

[0034] 200. Pre-combustion chamber cap;

[0035] 210. Cap opening; 220. Cap top; 230. Vent hole for pre-combustion chamber cap; 240. Limiting ring groove; 250. Second stop part; 260. Pre-combustion chamber nozzle;

[0036] 300. Elastic components;

[0037] A. The length direction of the spark plug body. Detailed Implementation

[0038] As mentioned in the background section, the application of pre-combustion chamber spark plug jet ignition technology is becoming increasingly widespread in order to improve the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines. When a pre-combustion chamber spark plug ignites, the internal pre-combustion chamber is ignited first, and the flame ignites the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber through the pre-combustion chamber nozzle, generating a jet flame. This method can rapidly increase the combustion speed in the cylinder and has lower requirements for the concentration of the air-fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber. However, after the pre-combustion chamber combustion and jet ignition, there are problems with insufficient scavenging and high residual exhaust gas concentration during exhaust gas removal. In existing technologies, increasing the number of scavenging holes or enlarging the diameter of the jet nozzles leads to a reduction in jet penetration distance and jet intensity, affecting the combustion speed in the main combustion chamber.

[0039] To address this issue, this application discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, comprising a spark plug body and a pre-combustion chamber cap movable along the length of the spark plug body. It also includes a spark plug vent hole and a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole that can be misaligned and connected. During pre-combustion, the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole are misaligned; during exhaust, they are connected to exhaust gas. The pre-combustion chamber cap is moved by the high temperature and pressure of the combustion chamber and reset by an elastic element. The structure is simple and can significantly solve the problem of increasing the number of vent holes affecting the combustion speed of the main combustion.

[0040] Next, a clearer and more complete description and explanation of the spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber disclosed in this application will be provided:

[0041] This embodiment discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The spark plug body 100 includes a spark plug body 100 and a pre-combustion chamber cap 200. The pre-combustion chamber cap 200 has an open cap opening 210 at one end and a cap top 220 at the other end. A pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 is provided on the cap top 220 (one or more pre-combustion chamber nozzles 260 may be present). A portion of the spark plug body 100 extends through the cap opening 210 along its length into the inner cavity of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200. The cap opening 210 has an opening to facilitate the spark plug body 100 passing through it. The outer wall surface of the spark plug body 100 is in contact with the inner wall surface of the peripheral sidewall of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200, and the spark plug body 100 and the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 together define a pre-combustion chamber. The length direction of the spark plug body 100 is as follows: Figure 1 Shown in direction A.

[0042] Specifically, the portion of the spark plug body 100 that extends into the inner cavity of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is the part of the spark plug body 100 closest to the ignition electrode. Through this structural design, the spark plug body 100 and the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 together define a pre-combustion chamber. The center electrode and side electrode of the spark plug body 100 are located within the pre-combustion chamber. The center electrode and side electrode discharge and ignite the gas in the pre-combustion chamber. The ignited flame is then injected into the main combustion chamber through the pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 on the top 220 of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200, igniting the gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0043] For more details, please see Figure 1 The spark plug body 100 has a spark plug vent hole 110 on its peripheral side wall within the pre-combustion chamber. One end of the spark plug vent hole 110 communicates with the interior of the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber cap 200 has a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 on its peripheral side wall, which is adapted to the spark plug vent hole 110. One end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 communicates with the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200. Furthermore, the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 can reciprocate relative to the spark plug body 100 along the length of the spark plug body 100, allowing the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 to switch between a first position and a second position relative to the spark plug body 100.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, preferably, a plurality of spark plug vent holes 110 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction on the peripheral sidewall of the spark plug body 100 located in the pre-combustion chamber. Similarly, a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 adapted to the plurality of spark plug vent holes 110 is provided on the peripheral sidewall of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200. Furthermore, one spark plug vent hole 110 is adapted to and connected to one pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230. The plurality of spark plug vent holes 110 and the plurality of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 can increase the number of vent holes and improve the efficiency of venting and exhaust.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the first position, the other end of the spark plug vent 110 is connected to and communicates with the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber communicates with the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 in sequence through the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230. Please refer to... Figure 2 When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the second position, the other end of the spark plug vent 110 is offset from the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 so as to isolate the interior of the pre-combustion chamber from the exterior space of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200.

[0046] Therefore, this application provides a spark plug vent hole 110 on the spark plug body 100 and a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 on the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 that communicates with the spark plug vent hole 110. When the spark plug vent hole 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 are connected and communicate with each other, the ventilation channel in the pre-combustion chamber can be improved and increased through the spark plug vent hole 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230.

[0047] Specifically, during pre-combustion, the pressure inside the pre-combustion chamber increases, which in turn moves the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 relative to the spark plug body 100 from the first position to the second position. At this time, the spark plug vent hole 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 are misaligned and not connected. The number of flame holes in the pre-combustion chamber remains unchanged, ensuring that the flame ejected from the pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 has a high jet intensity and a long jet penetration distance, thereby improving the combustion acceleration of the main combustion chamber and the engine thermal efficiency. When scavenging is required, the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 returns from the second position to the first position, and the spark plug vent hole 110 connects with the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230. The interior of the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 through the spark plug vent hole 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 in sequence, increasing the number of exhaust gas vent holes, resulting in faster and more complete scavenging, and quickly expelling residual exhaust gas from the pre-combustion chamber. Furthermore, this application utilizes the increase in internal temperature and pressure during the combustion process of the pre-combustion chamber to cause a change in the position of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200, thereby switching between the connected and misaligned states of the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230. The vent 230 is misaligned during pre-combustion and connected during venting. The structure is simple and has a wide range of applications.

[0048] This embodiment also discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. To allow the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 to return from a second position to a first position, an elastic member 300 is provided between the peripheral sidewall of the spark plug body 100 and the peripheral sidewall of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200. The elastic member 300 extends along the length of the spark plug body 100 and is located outside the pre-combustion chamber. The elastic member 300 applies an initial preload to the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 to keep it in the first position. When the force acting on the elastic member 300 overcomes the initial preload, the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 can move from the first position to the second position. When the force is removed, the elastic member 300 elastically resets and pushes the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 back to the first position.

[0049] In this embodiment, the elastic element 300 can be set as a spring, disc spring or other elastic component. The initial force applied by the elastic element 300 to the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 can be an initial tensile force or an initial compressive force. Those skilled in the art can design it according to actual needs. This embodiment does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0050] In this embodiment, an elastic element 300 is provided. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is pushed to the second position by the gas pressure in the combustion chamber, the elastic element 300 is stretched again. After the pre-combustion chamber is ignited and the temperature and gas pressure decrease, the elastic element 300 needs to return to its initial state. This allows the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 to continue to elastically reset after being misaligned. After returning to the first position, the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 are connected for ventilation, increasing the exhaust gas passage. In this embodiment, the elastic element 300 is provided. Its structure is simple and no additional reset drive structure is required.

[0051] The embodiment of this invention also discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. A first stop portion is provided on the outer wall of the spark plug body 100. A limiting groove is provided on the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 near the cap opening 210. The opening of the limiting groove faces the outer wall of the spark plug body 100. The first stop portion extends into the limiting groove through the opening of the limiting groove. An elastic member 300 is fixedly disposed between the first stop portion and the side wall of the limiting groove.

[0052] More preferably, in this application, the first stop portion is configured as a first retaining ring 120, which protrudes from the outer wall surface of the spark plug body 100, and the limiting groove is configured as a limiting ring groove 240, which surrounds the outer periphery of the spark plug body 100. The retaining ring and the limiting ring groove 240 are configured to cooperate, resulting in higher precision.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, the axial dimension of the limiting ring groove 240 can be adjusted according to actual needs, but it is necessary to ensure that the dimension of the limiting ring groove 240 is greater than the travel distance of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 between the first position and the second position.

[0054] With this structural design, the first retaining ring 120 and the limiting ring groove 240 are matched to limit the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 and prevent the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 from shifting or becoming misaligned.

[0055] The embodiments of this application also disclose a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, wherein the elastic element 300 includes a plurality of springs, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the limiting ring groove 240 within the limiting ring groove 240.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, three, four, five or even more springs can be provided. Those skilled in the art can design and adjust them according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0057] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 1One end of each spring is connected to the first retaining ring 120, and the other end is connected to the lower side wall of the limiting ring groove 240. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the first position, the elastic element 300 is pre-stretched. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is subjected to force and moves to the second position away from the spark plug body 100, each spring is stretched.

[0058] It should be noted that, please refer to Figure 1 In this embodiment, the lower sidewall of the limiting ring groove 240 refers to the sidewall of the limiting ring groove 240 that is away from the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 in the length direction of the spark plug body 100. Similarly, the upper sidewall of the limiting ring groove 240 refers to the sidewall of the limiting ring groove 240 that is close to the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 in the length direction of the spark plug body 100.

[0059] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 Each spring has one end connected to the first retaining ring 120 and the other end connected to the upper side wall of the limiting ring groove 240. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the first position, the elastic element 300 is pre-compressed. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is moved to the second position by a force away from the spark plug body 100, each spring is compressed. It should be noted that in this embodiment, because the arrangement of the elastic element 300 has changed, the elastic element 300 is compressed when the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the first position, and when the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 moves from the first position to the second position, the elastic element 300 is compressed again and has elastic potential energy. After the pre-combustion chamber is ignited, the elastic element 300 returns to the first position.

[0060] This embodiment also discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber; please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The pre-combustion chamber cap 200 has a second stop 250 on its peripheral sidewall. The second stop 250 protrudes from the inner wall surface of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 and is located inside the pre-combustion chamber. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the first position, the second stop 250 abuts against the bottom end of the spark plug body 100, and the other end of the spark plug vent 110 is connected to and communicates with the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230.

[0061] With this structural design, a second stop 250 is provided. When the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 returns to the first position or is in the first position, it is precisely limited by the second stop 250, and see [reference needed]. Figure 1 Because of the second stop 250, when the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is in the first position, the elastic element 300 also has a certain degree of tensile deformation. The pre-tightening force of the tensile deformation of the elastic element 300 makes the second stop 250 abut against the bottom end of the spark plug body 100, and ensures that the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 are connected for ventilation.

[0062] In another embodiment of the spark plug, multiple spark plug vent holes 110 and pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 are provided. The multiple spark plug vent holes 110 are equally spaced along the circumference of the spark plug body 100, and the multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 are equally spaced along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200. Alternatively, the multiple spark plug vent holes 110 are spaced at varying intervals along the circumference of the spark plug body 100, and the multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 are spaced at varying intervals along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200.

[0063] For example, the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 can each be provided with 3, 4, 5 or even other numbers. Taking 4 as an example, when the 4 spark plug vent 110 are equally spaced along the circumference of the spark plug body 100, the 4 pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 are equally spaced along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200, and the spacing between two adjacent spark plug vent 110 and two adjacent pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 is the same. When the 4 spark plug vent 110 are spaced differently along the circumference of the spark plug body 100, and the 4 pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 are spaced differently along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200, the spacing between two adjacent spark plug vent 110 and two adjacent pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 is different, for example, the spacing gradually increases or gradually decreases.

[0064] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple spark plug vent holes 110 and pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 are provided, which can improve the venting efficiency.

[0065] In another embodiment of the spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of spark plug vent holes 110 are arranged in at least two rows of spark plug vent holes 110, a plurality of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 are arranged in at least two rows of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230, and the at least two rows of spark plug vent holes 110 are spaced apart along the length of the spark plug body 100, and the at least two rows of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230 are spaced apart along the length of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200.

[0066] For example, the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 can be configured with 2 rows, 3 rows, or other numbers. Taking two rows as an example, setting two rows of spark plug vent 110 results in higher efficiency. Furthermore, the stroke of the pre-combustion chamber cap can be adjusted according to the combustion requirements of the internal combustion engine. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in different positions, different implementation methods can be achieved, such as two rows of variable holes coinciding, one row of variable holes coinciding, or no variable holes coinciding. For example, when the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, two rows of variable holes coincide; in the second position, no variable holes coincide; and when the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the middle position between the first and second positions, one row of variable holes coincides. In the second position, the elastic deformation of the elastic element 300 is greater than that in the middle position, thereby allowing for a wider range and more flexible change in the number of vent holes. Those skilled in the art can design and adjust according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0067] This embodiment also discloses a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber. Multiple spark plug vent holes 110 are correspondingly arranged with multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230. Each spark plug vent hole 110 and its corresponding pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 constitutes a set of vent holes. The diameters of the multiple sets of vent holes can be the same or different. For example, the diameters of each set of vent holes can be the same, or the diameters of adjacent vent holes can increase sequentially. This embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0068] It should be noted that in this embodiment, one spark plug vent hole 110 may correspond to one pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230, or one spark plug vent hole 110 may correspond to multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230, for example, one spark plug vent hole 110 may correspond to two pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes 230, or one pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 may correspond to multiple spark plug vent holes 110, for example, one pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole 230 may correspond to two spark plug vent holes 110. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0069] This embodiment also discloses an internal combustion engine, including a cylinder head and a spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described above. The spark plug body 100 is fixedly disposed on the top of the cylinder head away from the combustion chamber, and the spark plug body 100 penetrates the cylinder head along its thickness direction. The pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is located on the side of the cylinder head closer to the combustion chamber. With this structure, when combustion occurs in the pre-combustion chamber, the flame ejected from the pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 ignites in the main combustion chamber.

[0070] Finally, a brief explanation of the working process of the spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber disclosed in this application is provided:

[0071] After installation, the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 is located on the cylinder head side near the combustion chamber, and the pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 is located inside the combustion chamber. (See [link to documentation]). Figure 1 Before combustion, the pre-combustion chamber is like... Figure 1 As shown, in the first position, when the pre-combustion chamber is burning, the increase in temperature and pressure during combustion inside the pre-combustion chamber pushes the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 from the first position to the second position, as shown in the diagram. Figure 2 As shown, at this time, the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 are misaligned and not connected. The flame in the pre-combustion chamber is ejected from the pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 into the main combustion chamber, which can ensure that the flame ejected from the pre-combustion chamber nozzle 260 has a high jet intensity and jet penetration distance. At this time, the elastic element 300 is stretched. When it is necessary to ventilate and exhaust, the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 returns to the first position under the action of the elastic element 300. The spark plug vent 110 is connected to the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230. The interior of the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap 200 through the spark plug vent 110 and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent 230 in sequence. This can increase the number of vents, make ventilation faster and more complete, and quickly discharge the residual exhaust gas in the pre-combustion chamber. When the internal combustion engine is working, the spark plug with the pre-combustion chamber repeats the above work.

[0072] It should be noted that, in addition to the specific embodiments described above, those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this utility model is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this utility model are limited to that embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the utility model in conjunction with the embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this utility model. In order to provide a deep understanding of this utility model, many specific details are included in the above description, and this utility model may also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this utility model, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0073] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0074] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0075] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0076] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

[0077] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the present invention to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art can make various changes in form and detail, including some simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spark plug having a pre-combustion chamber, characterized in that, The device includes a spark plug body and a pre-combustion chamber cap. A portion of the spark plug body extends through the cap opening of the pre-combustion chamber cap into the inner cavity of the pre-combustion chamber cap. The outer wall surface of the spark plug body is in contact with the inner wall surface of the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap. The spark plug body and the pre-combustion chamber cap together define a pre-combustion chamber. The top of the pre-combustion chamber cap is provided with a pre-combustion chamber injection hole. The spark plug body has a spark plug vent hole on its peripheral side wall within the pre-combustion chamber. One end of the spark plug vent hole communicates with the interior of the pre-combustion chamber. The pre-combustion chamber cap has a pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole on its peripheral side wall that is adapted to the spark plug vent hole. One end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole communicates with the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap. Furthermore, the pre-combustion chamber cap can reciprocate relative to the spark plug body along the length of the spark plug body, so that the pre-combustion chamber cap can switch between a first position and a second position relative to the spark plug body. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the other end of the spark plug vent hole is connected to and communicates with the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber communicates with the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap in sequence through the spark plug vent hole and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole; when the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the second position, the other end of the spark plug vent hole is offset from the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole, so that the interior of the pre-combustion chamber is isolated from the external space of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

2. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An elastic element is provided between the peripheral sidewall of the spark plug body and the peripheral sidewall of the pre-combustion chamber cap, and the elastic element extends along the length direction of the spark plug body and is located outside the pre-combustion chamber. in The elastic element applies an initial preload to the pre-combustion chamber cap to keep the pre-combustion chamber cap in the first position; and when the force on the elastic element overcomes the initial preload, the pre-combustion chamber cap can move from the first position to the second position. When the force is removed, the elastic element elastically resets and pushes the pre-combustion chamber cap back to the first position.

3. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A first stop is provided on the outer wall of the spark plug body. A limiting groove is provided on the peripheral side wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap near the cap opening. The opening of the limiting groove faces the outer wall of the spark plug body. The first stop extends into the limiting groove through the opening of the limiting groove. The elastic element is fixedly disposed between the first stop and the side wall of the limiting groove.

4. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first stop portion is configured as a first retaining ring, which protrudes from the outer wall surface of the spark plug body. The limiting groove is configured as a limiting ring groove, which surrounds the outer periphery of the spark plug body.

5. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The elastic element includes a plurality of springs, which are spaced apart circumferentially within the limiting annular groove; wherein One end of each spring is connected to the first retaining ring, and the other end is connected to the lower side wall of the limiting ring groove. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the elastic element is pre-stretched. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is subjected to the force and moves to the second position in a direction away from the spark plug body, each spring is stretched. or One end of each spring is connected to the first retaining ring, and the other end is connected to the upper side wall of the limiting ring groove. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the elastic element is pre-compressed. When the pre-combustion chamber cap is moved to the second position by the force in a direction away from the spark plug body, each spring is compressed.

6. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-combustion chamber cap has a second stop on its peripheral sidewall. The second stop protrudes from the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber cap and is located inside the pre-combustion chamber. in When the pre-combustion chamber cap is in the first position, the second stop portion abuts against the bottom end of the spark plug body, and the other end of the spark plug vent hole is connected to and communicates with the other end of the pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole.

7. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Both the spark plug vent and the pre-combustion chamber cap vent are provided with multiple vents; among which The plurality of spark plug vent holes are equally spaced along the circumference of the spark plug body, and the plurality of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are equally spaced along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap; or The multiple spark plug vent holes are arranged at varying intervals along the circumference of the spark plug body, and the multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are arranged at varying intervals along the circumference of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

8. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The plurality of spark plug vent holes are arranged in at least two rows, and the plurality of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are arranged in at least two rows. Furthermore, the at least two rows of spark plug vent holes are spaced apart along the length of the spark plug body, and the at least two rows of pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes are spaced apart along the length of the pre-combustion chamber cap.

9. The spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple spark plug vent holes are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple pre-combustion chamber cap vent holes. One spark plug vent hole and one corresponding pre-combustion chamber cap vent hole constitute a set of vent holes. The diameters of the multiple sets of ventilation holes can be set to be the same or different.

10. An internal combustion engine, characterized in that, The cylinder head is included, as well as the spark plug with a pre-combustion chamber as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein; The spark plug body is fixedly mounted on the top of the cylinder head away from the combustion chamber, and the spark plug body penetrates the cylinder head along the thickness direction of the cylinder head. The pre-combustion chamber cap is located on the side of the cylinder head closer to the combustion chamber.

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