A high-voltage branch protection box for new energy motor home V2L

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high pressure branch protection box for new energy motor home V2L belongs to new energy automobile high voltage distribution technical field. It mainly includes box body, be equipped with a plurality of fuse and a plurality of relay in the box body, and the box body is fixedly connected with six hole connector and four hole connector, and the box body one side is equipped with low pressure communication interface still, the fire line end of six hole connector is connected with one end of fuse, and the other end of fuse is connected through relay with the fire line end of four hole connector, and the control coil of relay is connected with low pressure communication interface, and the zero line end of four hole connector is connected with the zero line end of six hole connector. The utility model discloses through bidirectional DC / OBC and realizes that motor home power battery carries out discharge to the load in the car and outside the car respectively, and adds relay, fuse, can protect the stability of circuit when using electric appliance in the car, and possesses low pressure communication interface controller, and the on-off of discharge circuit is adjusted through controlling relay, possesses fault detection ability while avoiding resource waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of high-voltage power distribution technology for new energy vehicles, and more specifically, it relates to a high-voltage branch protection box for V2L new energy RVs. Background Technology

[0002] The emergence of V2L (Vehicle to Load) discharge function in new energy vehicles has greatly enriched our daily lives, making use of this function for activities such as weekend camping, picnics, and long-distance travel. The V2L discharge function of new energy vehicles includes external discharge via connecting a discharge gun to the charging port and internal discharge via direct power supply through the vehicle's power interface. The demand for V2L function is particularly prominent in new energy motorhomes. These vehicles contain audio-visual entertainment equipment such as televisions and stereos, as well as living facilities such as underfloor heating, refrigerators, and water heaters. The simultaneous use of numerous electrical devices directly connected to 220V AC power from a two-way DC / OBC inverter poses certain safety risks and hazards, thus requiring a high-voltage junction box to protect the circuit.

[0003] Chinese patent publication number "CN223079558U" discloses a novel high-voltage junction box, including a housing, connectors, a residual current device (RCD), and a fuse. Multiple connectors are provided. One end of the fuse is connected to one of the connectors, and the other end is connected to the RCD. The end of the RCD, away from the fuse, is connected to multiple connectors. This high-voltage junction box, by incorporating a residual current protection device, solves the problem of the lack of leakage protection when a battery pack outputs 220V AC power to an external load. It also features multiple inverter outputs to accommodate simultaneous use by multiple loads.

[0004] However, the aforementioned high-voltage junction boxes have the following shortcomings in use: 1. They only provide basic safety protection through leakage current devices and fuses, lacking fault detection and overload protection functions when electrical appliances are used simultaneously. When a user connects a high-power device, if the rated current of the fuse is exceeded, the fuse will blow, affecting the normal use of other loads. 2. They lack flexibility, have a single interface type, cannot adapt to DC loads, and users cannot adjust the power supply strategy according to the scenario, resulting in situations where the circuit is forced to be "fully open" or "fully closed." 3. They have low safety. The aforementioned high-voltage junction boxes rely on fuses for overcurrent and short-circuit protection. Fuses are "fuse-type" passive protection with a response time typically between 10-50ms. However, the peak short-circuit current in the high-voltage system of new energy vehicles can reach hundreds of amperes. Delayed protection may lead to terminal burn-out and internal arcing, posing a fire hazard. They also lack fault or overload cut-off functions, resulting in low overall reliability. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-voltage branch protection box for V2L new energy RVs. It enables the RV power battery to discharge to the loads inside and outside the vehicle separately through bidirectional DC / OBC. At the same time, the multi-circuit independent output can meet the power needs of multiple devices at the same time. The addition of relays and fuses can protect the stability of the circuit when electrical appliances are used in the vehicle. It also has a low-voltage communication interface controller, which can flexibly control the relay to adjust the on and off of the discharge circuit, avoiding waste of resources and having fault detection capabilities.

[0006] The high-voltage distribution protection box for the new energy RV V2L includes a box body, which contains multiple fuses and multiple relays. A six-hole connector and a four-hole connector are fixedly connected to the box body. A low-voltage communication interface is also provided on one side of the box body. The live wire end of the six-hole connector is connected to one end of the fuse, and the other end of the fuse is connected to the live wire end of the four-hole connector through the relay. The control coil of the relay is connected to the low-voltage communication interface, and the neutral wire end of the four-hole connector is connected to the neutral wire end of the six-hole connector.

[0007] Preferably, there are two four-hole connectors: connector one for outputting 10A AC power and connector two for outputting 16A AC power and for powering underfloor heating.

[0008] Preferably, the first connector has two sets of 10A neutral wire terminals and two sets of 10A live wire terminals inside its end, and the second connector has a 16A neutral wire terminal, a 16A live wire terminal, a floor heating neutral wire terminal, and a floor heating live wire terminal inside its end.

[0009] Preferably, the output end of connector one is connected to socket one and socket two, both of which are 10A sockets; socket one and socket two are respectively connected to a set of 10A neutral wire terminals, and a 10A overload protector is provided between socket one and socket two and the 10A live wire terminals.

[0010] Preferably, there are two relays, which are respectively connected to the 16A live wire terminal and the floor heating live wire terminal in connector two.

[0011] Preferably, there are three fuses, namely a first fuse, a second fuse, and a third fuse. The first fuse is connected to two sets of 10A live wire terminals, and the second and third fuses are connected to two relays.

[0012] Preferably, the first and second fuses are 30A fuses, and the third fuse is a 7.5A fuse.

[0013] Preferably, the output end of the second connector is connected to a 16A socket and a floor heating system. The ports of the 16A socket are connected to a 16A neutral wire terminal and a 16A live wire terminal, respectively, and a 16A overload protector is provided between the 16A live wire terminal and the 16A socket.

[0014] Preferably, the six-hole connector has a live wire 1, a ground wire 1, and a neutral wire 1 for connection with a bidirectional DC / OBC, and a live wire 2, a ground wire 2, and a neutral wire 2 for connection with a charging dock.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1. This utility model is designed with graded protection for 10A low power, 16A high power and floor heating loads, and adds relays and fuses to protect the stability of the circuit when electrical appliances are used in the vehicle; at the same time, it has a low voltage communication interface controller, which can flexibly control the relay to adjust the discharge circuit to meet the needs of multiple scenarios, avoid waste of resources, and also has fault detection capabilities.

[0016] 2. This utility model enables the RV's power battery to discharge to both the in-vehicle and external loads via bidirectional DC / OBC. Simultaneously, the independent output of multiple circuits allows for simultaneous power consumption by multiple devices, overcoming environmental and load limitations. The high-voltage branch protection box isolates the discharge between the in-vehicle and external loads through circuit isolation and component coordination, enabling simultaneous discharge of in-vehicle and external loads without interference. This avoids load faults (such as short circuits or overloads) affecting the vehicle's core electrical system and reduces the risk of spontaneous combustion or circuit damage.

[0017] 3. An overload protector is added between the socket and the four-hole connector. If the power supply in the vehicle is abnormal, the overload protector will trip, which can quickly locate the problem without affecting the functions in the vehicle, greatly improving the safety and stability of the power supply in the RV. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the left-side structure of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the right-side structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Box body; 2. Low-voltage communication interface; 3. Four-hole connector; 31. Connector 1; 32. Connector 2; 301. 10A neutral terminal; 302. 10A live terminal; 303. 16A neutral terminal; 304. 16A live terminal; 305. Underfloor heating neutral terminal; 306. Underfloor heating live terminal; 4. Six-hole connector; 401. Live wire 1; 402. Live wire 2; 403. Ground wire 1; 404. Ground wire 2; 405. Neutral wire 1; 406. Neutral wire 2; 5. Fuse; 501. First fuse; 502. Second fuse; 503. Third fuse; 6. Relay; 7. 10A overload protector; 8. 16A overload protector; 9. Socket 1; 10. Socket 2; 11. 16A socket; 12. Underfloor heating. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: The directional terms used in the detailed description paragraphs are only for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand the technical solutions described in this application based on the visual orientation shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "setting," "installation," "connection," etc., should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a high-voltage distribution protection box for a new energy RV (V2L) includes a box body 1. The box body 1 serves as the carrier of the entire distribution box, providing support, integration, insulation, and protection. It encapsulates all electrical components internally, preventing electric shock and the entry of foreign objects. The box body 1 contains multiple fuses 5 and multiple relays 6. The fuses 5 act as short-circuit protection elements, rapidly melting to cut off the circuit when multiple electrical appliances are used simultaneously and a severe overcurrent or short circuit occurs, preventing the fault from escalating and protecting the upstream power supply and equipment safety. The relays 6 act as remote control switches, using a small current signal from the low-voltage communication interface 2 to control the switching of large currents, realizing automatic or remote start / stop functions for each output.

[0022] The junction box 1 is fixedly connected to a six-hole connector 4 and a four-hole connector 3. The six-hole connector 4 serves as the main input interface, responsible for connecting to the vehicle's power source (such as a bidirectional DC / OBC or charging dock) and introducing electrical energy into the junction box. The four-hole connector 3 serves as a branch output interface, responsible for distributing and protecting the electrical energy to different electrical devices. A low-voltage communication interface 2 is also located on one side of the junction box 1. The low-voltage communication interface 2 connects to the 12V RV low-voltage system. As a control signal input port, the low-voltage communication interface 2 receives weak electrical signals from the RV control system (such as a BMS or VCU) to drive the relay 6, which is crucial for achieving intelligent control.

[0023] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the live wire end of the six-hole connector 4 is connected to one end of the fuse 5, and the other end of the fuse 5 is connected to the live wire end of the four-hole connector 3 via the relay 6, thus forming the path of the live wire L. Its function is to transmit electrical energy and ensure that this path can be cut off and protected. The control coil of the relay 6 is connected to the low-voltage communication interface 2 to receive external commands and control the opening and closing of the internal contacts of the relay 6, thereby switching the main live wire circuit on and off. The neutral wire end of the four-hole connector 3 is connected to the neutral wire end of the six-hole connector 4, thus forming the path of the neutral wire N. Its function is to provide a low-impedance return path for the current, forming a complete circuit.

[0024] There are two four-hole connectors 3, which are used for branching the power output. The two four-hole connectors 3 are connector one 31 for outputting 10A AC power and connector two 32 for outputting 16A AC power and for powering underfloor heating. Specifically, connector one 31 provides 10A of power to ordinary low-power electrical devices such as mobile phone chargers, table lamps, and small appliances; connector two 32 provides power to high-power electrical devices and RV underfloor heating systems, such as air conditioners and electric kettles (16A devices); this design achieves differentiated power distribution.

[0025] Connector 1 31 has two sets of 10A neutral wire terminals 301 and two sets of 10A live wire terminals 302 inside its end. Connector 1 31 allows connection of two independent 10A socket circuits through the two sets of terminals. Connector 2 32 has a 16A neutral wire terminal 303, a 16A live wire terminal 304, a floor heating neutral wire terminal 305, and a floor heating live wire terminal 306 inside its end. That is, the 16A neutral wire terminal 303 and the floor heating neutral wire terminal 305 are connected in parallel. Connector 2 32 outputs power in two paths, one to the 16A socket 11 and the other dedicated to the floor heating system.

[0026] In this embodiment, the output end of connector 31 is connected to socket 9 and socket 10. Both socket 9 and socket 10 are 10A sockets, serving as the final power interface for convenient device connection. During wiring, the neutral wires in socket 9 and socket 10 are connected to a set of 10A neutral terminals 301, and the live wires in socket 9 and socket 10 are connected to 10A live terminals 302. A 10A overload protector 7 is provided between them. The 10A overload protector 7 serves as an in-vehicle discharge overcurrent protection element. Its function is to automatically trip and cut off the power supply when the power of the connected device exceeds the limit (current exceeds 10A) but does not reach the short circuit level, specifically protecting the 10A socket circuit and its connected equipment to prevent overheating of the line. The ground wires of both socket 9 and socket 10 are connected to the vehicle grounding system.

[0027] There are two relays 6, which are respectively connected to the 16A live wire terminal 304 and the underfloor heating live wire terminal 306 in connector 2 32. Through the two independent relays 6, the power supply to the 16A socket 11 and the underfloor heating 12 can be controlled independently. For example, the air conditioner can be remotely turned off while the underfloor heating 12 remains on, achieving refined load management.

[0028] In this embodiment, there are three fuses 5: a first fuse 501, a second fuse 502, and a third fuse 503. The first fuse 501 is connected to two sets of 10A live wire terminals 302, serving as the main short-circuit protection for the two 10A socket circuits. If the first fuse 501 blows, both 10A sockets will be de-energized simultaneously. The second fuse 502 and the third fuse 503 are connected to two relays 6, respectively. The second fuse 502 specifically provides short-circuit protection for the circuit of the 16A socket 11, and the third fuse 503 specifically provides short-circuit protection for the circuit of the underfloor heating system 12.

[0029] The first fuse 501 and the second fuse 502 are preferably 30A fuses, whose rated fusing current is 1.5 times the rated operating current of the resistive load. Since the socket is used flexibly, the load current is uncertain. Using a 30A fuse can protect the circuit with a stronger load-bearing capacity. Combined with the 10A overload protector 7 for in-vehicle discharge protection, it further prevents short circuits. The third fuse 503 is a 7.5A fuse, designed to match the rated current of the underfloor heating equipment, providing precise overcurrent and short-circuit protection.

[0030] During installation, the output end of connector 2 32 is connected to a 16A socket 11 and a floor heating element 12. The ground wires of the 16A socket 11 and the floor heating element 12 are respectively connected to the vehicle body grounding system. The 16A socket 11 serves as a dedicated interface for high-power equipment. During wiring, the ports of the 16A socket 11 are connected to the 16A neutral terminal 303 and the 16A live terminal 304, respectively. A 16A overload protector 8 is provided between the 16A live terminal 304 and the 16A socket 11 to prevent overheating damage caused by excessive power of the connected equipment.

[0031] In this embodiment, the six-hole connector 4 has a live wire 401, a ground wire 403, and a neutral wire 405 for connection to the bidirectional DC / OBC. These wires connect to the output of the vehicle-mounted bidirectional DC / OBC (inverter) to receive AC power L1 generated by the vehicle's power battery inverter. The six-hole connector 4 also has a live wire 402, a ground wire 404, and a neutral wire 406 for connection to the charging dock. These wires allow the charging dock to be connected to a discharge gun for discharge, enabling the RV to use the vehicle's V2L to power external loads, improving the convenience and reliability of energy use.

[0032] Working principle: When the RV's V2L function is activated, meaning the power comes from the high-voltage power battery's DC power, the RV's bidirectional DC / OBC operates in inverter mode, converting the high-voltage DC power from the power battery into 220V / 50Hz low-voltage AC power (L1). This AC power is input to the junction box through the pins of the six-pin connector 4 (live wire 401, ground wire 403, and neutral wire 405). Ground wire 403 is simultaneously connected to the RV's grounding system, forming basic leakage protection. This power supply provides total power for both in-vehicle loads (10A socket, 16A socket, underfloor heating) and external loads (extended via the discharge gun), simultaneously meeting the power needs of both types of loads. When powering external devices via the discharge gun, the discharge gun is connected to the RV's charging dock. The 220V AC power is discharged through the six-pin connector 4 (live wire 402, neutral wire 406, and ground wire 404). Ground wire 404 is also connected to the vehicle's grounding system, ensuring safe external discharge.

[0033] like Figure 7 As shown, during power distribution and control, the junction box distributes the introduced 220V AC power to in-vehicle loads with different power requirements, achieving differentiated power supply. The specific path is as follows: 1. For the 10A low-power load circuit (connector 31 branch), this circuit is specifically designed for low-power devices such as mobile phone chargers, desk lamps, and small household appliances. The live wire (L1 or L2) introduced by the six-hole connector 4 first connects to the first fuse 501. This fuse serves as the overall short-circuit protection for the 10A circuit. If a short circuit occurs in the subsequent line and the current suddenly increases to more than 30A, the first fuse 501 will quickly blow, cutting off the entire 10A circuit and preventing the fault from spreading to the input terminal. After the first fuse 501, the live wire is split into two paths, which are respectively connected to the two sets of 10A live wire terminals 302 in connector 31. Two sets of 10A live wire terminals 302 are connected to the live wire terminals of socket 9 and socket 10 respectively, and a 10A overload protector 7 is connected in series between the terminals and the sockets. Two sets of 10A neutral wire terminals 301 inside connector 31 are directly connected to the neutral wire (neutral wire 405 or neutral wire 406) of the six-hole connector 4, and then connected to the neutral wire terminals of socket 9 and socket 10 respectively, forming a complete circuit. When multiple high-power small appliances are connected to the sockets simultaneously, and the current exceeds 10A, the 10A overload protector 7 automatically trips, cutting off the live wire of the corresponding socket and protecting the circuit from overheating damage. If the fault is cleared, manually resetting the overload protector will restore power supply.

[0034] 2. For the 16A high-power and underfloor heating load circuit (connector 2, branch 32), this circuit is used to power 16A high-power equipment such as air conditioners and electric kettles, as well as the underfloor heating system, achieving independent control and protection. The live wire of the six-hole connector 4 is connected to the second fuse 502 as the main short-circuit protection for this sub-branch. The output of the second fuse 502 is connected to the moving contact of the first relay 6. The control coil of the relay 6 is connected to the low-voltage communication interface 2. When the RV control system (VCU or BMS) needs to power the 16A load, a weak current control signal is sent through the low-voltage communication interface 2 to drive the coil of the relay 6 to close, the moving contact closes, and the live wire is transmitted through the relay contact to the 16A live wire terminal 304 in connector 2, branch 32.

[0035] A 16A overload protector 8 is connected in series between the 16A live wire terminal 304 and the live wire terminal of the 16A socket 11. The neutral wire terminal of the 16A socket 11 is connected to the 16A neutral wire terminal 303 inside connector 2 32, and the 16A neutral wire terminal 303 is directly connected to the neutral wire of the six-hole connector 4, forming a circuit. When the power of the device connected to the 16A socket exceeds the limit, the 16A overload protector 8 trips and cuts off the circuit to prevent the line from overheating. If it is necessary to shut down the load, the VCU sends a disconnect signal through the low-voltage communication interface 2, the relay 6 coil is de-energized, the contacts open, and the live wire path is cut off.

[0036] The live wire of the six-hole connector 4 is connected to the third fuse 503, whose rated value matches the rated current of the underfloor heating system, achieving precise overcurrent and short-circuit protection. The output terminal of the third fuse 503 is connected to the moving contact of the second relay 6, and its control coil is also connected to the low-voltage communication interface 2. When the underfloor heating needs to be turned on, the VCU sends a control signal through the low-voltage communication interface 2, driving the relay 6 to engage. The live wire is transmitted through the contact to the underfloor heating live wire terminal 306 in the second connector 32, and the underfloor heating neutral wire terminal 305 is connected to the neutral wire of the six-hole connector 4, forming an independent circuit. If an overcurrent occurs in the underfloor heating circuit, and the current exceeds 7.5A, the third fuse 503 blows. If the underfloor heating needs to be turned off, the VCU sends a disconnect signal, the relay 6 is de-energized, and the circuit is cut off.

[0037] When loads inside and outside the vehicle are powered simultaneously, if the external load is overloaded, the bidirectional DC / OBC will automatically stop discharging, while the load inside the vehicle can continue to operate normally. When simultaneous power supply causes an overcurrent, i.e., the total current exceeds the rated value of the fuse, the fuse in the corresponding circuit will automatically blow, cutting off the current at the moment of short circuit and protecting the socket and the load inside the vehicle, while the load outside the vehicle is unaffected. This achieves independent operation of internal and external discharge and fault isolation.

[0038] Finally, although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A high-voltage branch protection box for a new energy RV V2L, comprising a box body (1), characterized in that: The box (1) is equipped with multiple fuses (5) and multiple relays (6). A six-hole connector (4) and a four-hole connector (3) are fixedly connected to the box (1). A low-voltage communication interface (2) is also provided on one side of the box (1). The live wire end of the six-hole connector (4) is connected to one end of the fuse (5). The other end of the fuse (5) is connected to the live wire end of the four-hole connector (3) through the relay (6). The control coil of the relay (6) is connected to the low-voltage communication interface (2). The neutral wire end of the four-hole connector (3) is connected to the neutral wire end of the six-hole connector (4).

2. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four-hole connector (3) consists of two connectors, namely connector one (31) for outputting 10A AC power and connector two (32) for outputting 16A AC power and for powering underfloor heating.

3. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connector one (31) has two sets of 10A neutral wire terminals (301) and two sets of 10A live wire terminals (302) in its end, and the connector two (32) has 16A neutral wire terminals (303), 16A live wire terminals (304), floor heating neutral wire terminals (305) and floor heating live wire terminals (306) in its end.

4. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 3, characterized in that: The output end of the connector 1 (31) is connected to socket 1 (9) and socket 2 (10), both of which are 10A sockets; socket 1 (9) and socket 2 (10) are respectively connected to a set of 10A neutral wire terminals (301), and a 10A overload protector (7) is provided between socket 1 (9) and socket 2 (10) and the 10A live wire terminal (302).

5. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 3, characterized in that: There are two relays (6), which are respectively connected to the 16A fire wire terminal (304) and the floor heating fire wire terminal (306) in connector two (32).

6. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are three fuses (5), namely the first fuse (501), the second fuse (502) and the third fuse (503). The first fuse (501) is connected to two sets of 10A live wire terminals (302) respectively, and the second fuse (502) and the third fuse (503) are connected to two relays (6) respectively.

7. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first fuse (501) and the second fuse (502) are 30A fuses, and the third fuse (503) is a 7.5A fuse.

8. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output end of the connector 2 (32) is connected to a 16A socket (11) and a floor heating (12). The ports of the 16A socket (11) are connected to the 16A neutral terminal (303) and the 16A live terminal (304) respectively. A 16A overload protector (8) is provided between the 16A live terminal (304) and the 16A socket (11).

9. The high-voltage distribution protection box for V2L new energy RVs according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The six-hole connector (4) has a live wire 1 (401), a ground wire 1 (403) and a neutral wire 1 (405) for connection with a bidirectional DC / OBC, and a live wire 2 (402), a ground wire 2 (404) and a neutral wire 2 (406) for connection with a charging dock.

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