Discharge circuit and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a discharge circuit and a vehicle, the discharge circuit comprising: an energy storage circuit comprising a first energy storage capacitor, a first switch tube and a second switch tube, a first end of the first switch tube being connected with a first power line outside as an input end of the energy storage circuit, a second end of the first switch tube, a first end of the first energy storage capacitor and a first end of the second switch tube being connected, and a second end of the second switch tube being an output end of the energy storage circuit; and a discharge circuit, the discharge circuit being connected with the output end of the energy storage circuit and a second power line of a load respectively. Through the cooperative work of the energy storage circuit and the discharge circuit, the system can maintain extremely low power consumption in the standby mode. The problems of large power consumption of the discharge circuit in the related art are solved, the discharge can be quickly and safely performed, the discharge path can be automatically closed in the standby mode, the current consumption is significantly reduced, and the standby with low power consumption is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circuit technology, and more specifically, to a discharge circuit and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In the design of modern electronic systems, especially automotive domain controllers, power management and protection are crucial to ensure stable operation and safety. During operation, automotive domain controllers frequently encounter situations such as abnormal startups and power-offs. In these cases, the residual charge on the output power capacitors needs to be discharged to improve safety.

[0003] In related technologies, a discharge resistor to ground is usually added to the power output circuit to achieve capacitor discharge.

[0004] However, the related technologies have resulted in the vehicle consuming significantly more power. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a discharge circuit that can solve the problem of high power consumption in discharge circuits in related technologies.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a discharge circuit and an energy storage circuit are provided, including a first energy storage capacitor, a first switching transistor, and a second switching transistor. The first terminal of the first switching transistor serves as the input terminal of the energy storage circuit and is connected to an external first power supply line. The second terminal of the first switching transistor, the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor, and the first terminal of the second switching transistor are connected. The second terminal of the second switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit. The energy storage circuit is used to control the first switching transistor to turn on and the second switching transistor to turn off to charge the first energy storage capacitor when the discharge circuit supplies power to an external load, and to control the first switching transistor to turn off and the second switching transistor to turn on to discharge the first energy storage capacitor through the output terminal of the energy storage circuit when the discharge circuit does not supply power to an external load. A bleed circuit is also provided, which is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit and the second power supply line of the load, respectively. The bleed circuit is used to open the path between the second power supply line and the equivalent ground when it receives current from the output terminal of the energy storage circuit, and to disconnect the path between the second power supply line and the equivalent ground when it does not receive current from the output terminal of the energy storage circuit.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the energy storage circuit further includes a control circuit, wherein the input terminal of the control circuit is used to receive an enable signal, and the output terminal of the control circuit is connected to the control terminals of the first switch and the second switch respectively. The control circuit is used to control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off when the enable signal is at a first level, and to control the first switch to be turned off and the second switch to be turned on when the enable signal is at a second level.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit includes: a third switch transistor, the control terminal of which is used to receive an enable signal, and the first terminal of which is grounded; and a first resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the third switch transistor, and the second terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the first switch transistor, wherein the first resistor is used to pull down the potential of the control terminal of the first switch transistor to turn on the first switch transistor when the third switch transistor is turned on.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit further includes: a fourth switch transistor, the control terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the third switch transistor, the first terminal of which is grounded, and the second terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the second switch transistor, wherein the fourth switch transistor is turned off when the third switch transistor is on; and a second resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the fourth switch transistor, and the second terminal of which is connected to the control terminal of the first switch transistor, wherein the second resistor pulls up the potential of the control terminal of the second switch transistor to turn off the second switch transistor when the fourth switch transistor is off.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the energy storage circuit further includes: a first diode connected in series between the first switching transistor and the first energy storage capacitor, the anode of the first diode being connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and the cathode of the first diode being connected to the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor; the second terminal of the first energy storage capacitor is grounded.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the discharge circuit includes: a reference voltage circuit connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit, used to form a reference voltage based on the current at the output terminal of the energy storage circuit; an operational amplifier circuit connected to the reference voltage circuit to receive the reference voltage, the operational amplifier being used to output a control voltage according to the reference voltage; and a discharge transistor, a first terminal of which is connected to a second power supply line of the load, a control terminal of which is connected to the operational amplifier circuit, and a second terminal of which is grounded through the operational amplifier circuit, wherein the discharge transistor is used to adjust its conduction level under the action of the control voltage to control the magnitude of the current flowing through the discharge transistor.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the operational amplifier circuit includes: an operational amplifier, the positive input terminal of which is connected to a reference voltage circuit, and the output terminal of which is connected to a control terminal of a discharge transistor; a fourth resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the discharge transistor; and a fifth resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor, and the second terminal of which is grounded.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the reference voltage circuit includes: a third resistor, the first end of which is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit; and a fifth switch, the first end of which is grounded, the control terminal of which is connected to the second end of the third resistor and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier, the fifth switch being used to provide a reference voltage under the action of the voltage drop across the third resistor.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the discharge circuit further includes a second capacitor, a first terminal of which is connected to a second power supply line, and a second terminal of which is grounded.

[0015] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including a discharge circuit as described in any of the foregoing, a voltage conversion power supply, and at least one load, wherein the input terminal of the voltage conversion power supply is connected to a first power line, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion power supply is connected to the at least one load via a second power line.

[0016] The aforementioned discharge circuit, through an energy storage circuit, utilizes the power supply from the first power line to store energy during normal circuit operation, while simultaneously controlling the discharge circuit to disconnect, preventing energy consumption. A self-locking mechanism (with T1 and T2 in opposite conduction states) ensures low power consumption in standby mode. Through the coordinated operation of the energy storage and discharge circuits, the system can maintain extremely low power consumption in standby mode (T1 is on, C1 stores energy, but T2 is off, thus achieving self-locking and not consuming additional energy). When the power is turned off, the energy in C1 is rapidly released without the need for a continuously consuming discharge resistor. Furthermore, the self-locking mechanism ensures that T1 and T2 do not consume additional current in standby mode, significantly reducing standby power consumption and meeting the stringent low-power requirements of modern electronic systems, especially in the automotive field. This solves the problem of high power consumption in discharge circuits in related technologies, enabling rapid and safe discharge during operation and automatically shutting off the discharge path in standby mode, significantly reducing current consumption and achieving low-power standby. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge circuit device in one embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the discharge circuit in one embodiment;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of a discharge circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a third schematic diagram of a discharge circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a fourth schematic diagram of a discharge circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is the fifth schematic diagram of a discharge circuit according to an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 10-energy storage circuit, 20-discharge circuit, 11-control circuit, 40-reference voltage circuit, 50-operational amplifier circuit, 100-first power supply line, 200-second power supply line, 60-voltage conversion power supply, 30-load. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0030] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected objects.

[0031] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0032] As described in the background section, a common practice in related technologies is to add a discharge resistor to ground in the power output circuit to discharge the capacitor. While this design is simple and inexpensive, the continuous energy consumption of the discharge resistor in standby mode prevents the system from achieving a low-power standby state. This is particularly true in modern automotive domain controllers, where the central domain controller often needs to support standby mode for functions such as remote diagnostics and data transmission during non-driving operations. This means the system must maintain low power consumption in standby mode. The demand for low-power standby modes is increasing to support longer standby times and more efficient energy management. Traditional discharge resistor solutions clearly cannot meet this requirement, especially in scenarios requiring high current output, where power consumption is a significant issue. Furthermore, traditional discharge circuit designs often lack a self-locking function; that is, the circuit cannot automatically lock into the discharge state after power is turned off, which may cause the discharge circuit to continue operating when power is turned on again, resulting in unnecessary power loss. To address these technical problems, the discharge circuit of this application is proposed, which can self-lock when discharge is not needed to reduce energy consumption, thereby solving the problem of high power consumption in discharge circuits of related technologies.

[0033] This embodiment provides a discharge circuit, such as Figure 1 As shown, the discharge circuit includes: an energy storage circuit 10 and a discharge circuit 20, wherein:

[0034] The energy storage circuit 10 includes a first energy storage capacitor C1, a first switching transistor T1, and a second switching transistor T2. The first terminal of the first switching transistor T1 serves as the input terminal of the energy storage circuit 10 and is connected to the external first power supply line 100. The second terminal of the first switching transistor T1, the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor C1, and the first terminal of the second switching transistor T2 are connected together. The second terminal of the second switching transistor T2 serves as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10. The energy storage circuit 10 is used to control the first switching transistor T1 to be turned on and the second switching transistor T2 to be turned off when the discharge circuit supplies power to the external load 30, so as to charge the first energy storage capacitor C1. When the discharge circuit does not supply power to the external load 30, it controls the first switching transistor T1 to be turned off and the second switching transistor T2 to be turned on, so as to discharge the first energy storage capacitor C1 through the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10.

[0035] One end of the first power line 100 is connected to the power supply interface, which provides a power signal (VCC) to the first power line 100. Therefore, there is always a power signal (VCC) on the first power line 100. Once the first switching transistor T1 is turned on, the power signal (VCC) on the first power line 100 will charge the first energy storage capacitor C1.

[0036] In this circuit design, the first energy storage capacitor C1 serves to store energy, providing necessary power support during normal operation and standby switching. The two ends of C1 are connected to the input and output terminals of the circuit, respectively, with one end also connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor T1.

[0037] The first switching transistor T1 can be a PNP transistor. Its first terminal (collector) serves as the input terminal of the energy storage circuit and is connected to the external VCC power supply line. Its second terminal (emitter) is connected to the first terminal of C1 and to the first terminal (collector) of the second switching transistor T2. When T1 is turned on, C1 is charged. When T1 is turned off, C1 is stopped from charging.

[0038] The second switch T2 can be a PNP transistor. Its first terminal (collector) is connected to the second terminal of T1 and the first terminal of C1. Its second terminal (emitter) serves as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit. When T2 is turned off, the energy of C1 will not be released. When T2 is turned on, C1 is allowed to discharge through T2.

[0039] The discharge circuit 20 is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10 and the second power line 200 of the load 30. The discharge circuit 20 is used to open the path between the second power line 200 and the equivalent ground when the current of the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10 is received, and to disconnect the path between the second power line 200 and the equivalent ground when the current of the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10 is not received.

[0040] The second power supply line 200 is connected to the external load 30, thereby supplying power to the load 30. The discharge circuit 20 controls whether the current in the second power supply line 200 connected to the load 30 flows to the equivalent ground, thus controlling whether the current in the second power supply line 200 is discharged. When the discharge circuit supplies power to the external load 30, the discharge circuit 20 does not receive current from the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10, thereby disconnecting the path between the second power supply line 200 and the equivalent ground, ensuring normal power supply to the load 30, and preventing the current in the second power supply line 200 from being discharged. When the discharge circuit does not supply power to the external load 30, the path between the second power supply line 200 and the equivalent ground is opened, realizing the discharge of the current in the second power supply line 200.

[0041] For example, such as Figure 2 The diagram shown is a circuit diagram of one implementation of the discharge circuit. The working principles of the energy storage circuit 10 and the discharge circuit 20 have been explained in this embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0042] In this embodiment, an energy storage circuit is used to store energy using the power supplied by the first power line during normal circuit operation, while simultaneously controlling the discharge circuit to disconnect to avoid energy consumption. A self-locking mechanism (with T1 and T2 in opposite conduction states) ensures low power consumption in standby mode. Through the coordinated operation of the energy storage circuit and the discharge circuit, the system can maintain extremely low power consumption in standby mode (T1 is on, C1 stores energy, but T2 is off, thus achieving self-locking and not consuming additional energy). When the power is turned off, the energy of C1 is rapidly released without the need for a continuously consuming discharge resistor. Furthermore, the self-locking mechanism ensures that T1 and T2 do not consume additional current in standby mode, significantly reducing standby power consumption and meeting the stringent low-power requirements of modern electronic systems, especially in the automotive field. This solves the problem of high power consumption in discharge circuits in related technologies, enabling rapid and safe discharge during operation and automatically shutting off the discharge path during standby, significantly reducing current consumption and achieving low-power standby.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the energy storage circuit 10 also includes a control circuit 11. The input terminal of the control circuit 11 is used to receive an enable signal, and the output terminal of the control circuit 11 is connected to the control terminals of the first switch T1 and the second switch T2 respectively. The control circuit 11 is used to control the first switch T1 to turn on and the second switch T2 to turn off when the enable signal is at a first level, and to control the first switch T1 to turn off and the second switch T2 to turn on when the enable signal is at a second level.

[0044] For example, please continue to see Figure 2 The enable signal EN is the core control signal of the entire energy storage circuit, and its state directly determines the operating mode of the energy storage circuit. The EN signal is provided by an external circuit or controller and is used to indicate when the energy storage circuit should initiate charging mode and when it should switch to discharging mode. When the EN signal is in the first level state (usually high), the control circuit initiates the charging process. When the EN signal is in the second level state (usually low), the control circuit initiates the discharging process.

[0045] In this embodiment, the control circuit achieves precise control over the charging and discharging modes of the energy storage circuit through the level state of the EN signal. In standby mode, i.e., when the EN signal is low, the self-locking state of T1 and T2 ensures that the energy storage circuit does not consume additional current, thereby achieving an ultra-low power standby mode. By introducing the control circuit, this design effectively solves the power consumption and stability problems of the energy storage circuit when switching between charging and discharging modes, achieving efficient, low-power, and stable charging and discharging control based on the EN signal.

[0046] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4As shown, the control circuit 11 includes: a third switching transistor T3 and a first resistor R1, wherein:

[0047] The control terminal of the third switch T3 is used to receive the enable signal, and the first terminal of the third switch T3 is grounded.

[0048] The third switch, T3, can be an NPN transistor. Its control terminal (base) is used to connect to the enable signal EN, its first terminal (emitter) is grounded (GND), and its second terminal (collector) is connected to the control terminal (base) of the first switch, T1, through a first resistor R1. T3 plays a crucial role in signal conversion and logic control in the control circuit. When the EN signal is high (enable signal activated), the base voltage of T3 is pulled high, thus turning T3 on. After T3 turns on, it pulls down the base potential of T1, which is connected to it through the first resistor R1, to a low level, triggering T1 to turn on and allowing the power supply signal VCC to charge the energy storage capacitor C1 through T1. Conversely, when the EN signal is low (enable signal off), T3 is off and no longer affects the state of T1. At this time, other circuit parts will control T1 to turn off and T2 to turn on, realizing the discharge process.

[0049] The first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the second end of the third switch T3, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the control end of the first switch T1.

[0050] In this circuit, the first resistor R1 is used to pull down the potential of the control terminal of the first switching transistor T1 to turn it on when the third switching transistor T3 is on. R1 is a resistor connected between the collector (second terminal) of T3 and the base (control terminal) of T1. When T3 is on, R1 pulls the potential of the base of T1 down to a low level, thus enabling T1 to conduct. R1 plays a role in current limiting and signal transmission in the circuit. When the EN signal is activated (high level), T3 conducts, and the low-level signal is transmitted to the base of T1 through R1. This is equivalent to a signal amplification and conversion process, ensuring that T1 can accurately respond to changes in the EN signal. The resistance value of R1 directly affects the rate and amplitude of potential change at the base of T1, and is an important factor in controlling the turn-on speed and stability of T1.

[0051] In this embodiment, the design achieves precise control of the charging process through the combination of T3 and R1. When the EN signal is high, T3 responds quickly and turns on, pulling down the base potential of T1 through R1 to ensure accurate conduction of T1. This allows the power supply VCC to smoothly charge the energy storage capacitor C1 through T1, and the start and end of the charging process can be precisely controlled, avoiding unnecessary current waste. Once T3 turns on and triggers T1 to turn on, even if the EN signal goes low again, due to the self-locking mechanism between T1 and T2 (T2 is off in this mode and does not affect the state of T1), T1 will continue to be on until C1 is charged to the required voltage or the EN signal goes high again through a specific logic circuit. This self-locking mechanism ensures the stability and efficiency of the energy storage circuit during the charging process, avoiding unnecessary switching losses caused by fluctuations in the EN signal. When the EN signal is low, T3 turns off, and R1 no longer affects the base potential of T1, and the energy storage circuit enters discharge or standby mode. Since T3 and R1 do not continuously consume current in standby mode, the entire circuit can maintain an extremely low power consumption state. This has significant advantages for automotive electronic systems, especially in new energy vehicles and intelligent vehicles that require long-term standby, in terms of energy efficiency improvement and battery life extension.

[0052] In one embodiment, please see [link to embodiment]. Figure 4 The control circuit 11 also includes: a fourth switching transistor T4 and a second resistor R2, wherein:

[0053] The control terminal of the fourth switch T4 is connected to the second terminal of the third switch T3, the first terminal of the fourth switch T4 is grounded, and the second terminal of the fourth switch T4 is connected to the control terminal of the second switch T2.

[0054] Among them, the fourth switch T4 is turned off when the third switch T3 is turned on.

[0055] In this circuit, the fourth switch T4 can be an NPN transistor. Its control terminal (base) is connected to the second terminal (collector) of T3, its first terminal (emitter) is grounded, and its second terminal (collector) is connected to the control terminal (base) of the second switch T2. T4 forms complementary logic with T3 in the circuit to control the state of T2. When T3 is activated (high level) by the EN signal, the base potential of T4 is pulled low to ground, causing T4 to turn off. After T4 turns off, it no longer pulls the base potential of T2 low to ground, thus allowing the second resistor R2 to pull the base potential of T2 high, causing T2 to turn off and ensuring the normal progress of the charging process. Conversely, when T3 is off, the base potential of T4 is no longer pulled low, and T4 can obtain a high-level signal through the second resistor R2, thus turning on. It then transmits a low-level signal to the base of T2 through its collector, triggering T2 to turn on, thereby realizing the discharge process.

[0056] The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the fourth switch T4, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the control end of the first switch T1.

[0057] When the fourth switch T4 is turned off, the second resistor R2 pulls up the potential of the control terminal of the second switch T2 to turn off the second switch T2.

[0058] In this circuit, the second resistor R2 is connected between the collector (second terminal) of T4 and the base (control terminal) of T2. When T4 is off, the first terminal of R2 is no longer grounded. Simultaneously, because T1 is on, the second terminal of R2 is connected to the power signal VCC (high level). Therefore, R2 pulls the base potential of T2 to a high level, ensuring T2 is off and preventing the power supply from charging the energy storage capacitor C1. R2 acts as a pull-up resistor for T2, providing a high-level signal. When T3 is on due to the EN signal being high, T4 is off. At this time, R2 pulls the base potential of T2 to a high level, ensuring T2 is off. Conversely, when the EN signal is low, T3 is off, the base potential of T4 is pulled up by the second resistor R2, T4 is on, and its collector transmits a low-level signal to the base of T2, causing T2 to turn on and begin the discharge process.

[0059] In this embodiment, the discharge process can be precisely controlled when the EN signal is low through the synergistic effect of T4 and R2. At this time, T4 is turned on, transmitting a low-level signal to the base of T2 through its collector, ensuring T2 is turned on. The power supply VCC stops supplying power to the energy storage capacitor C1, and C1 begins to discharge through T2. This precise control avoids unnecessary energy waste and ensures smooth power switching. The on / off state of T4 is opposite to that of T3, ensuring an interlocking mechanism for the charging and discharging processes. When T3 is on, T4 is off, preventing T2 from conducting through R2; when T3 is off, T4 is on, ensuring that T2 can conduct through R2. This mechanism not only enhances circuit stability but also avoids transient current surges that may occur during power state switching, improving system safety and reliability. In standby mode (EN signal is low, T3 is off), T4 conducts through R2, and T2 also conducts, allowing the energy storage capacitor C1 to discharge. However, due to the self-locking mechanism between T1 and T2, once C1 is fully discharged, the entire circuit will be in a low-power state and will not continue to consume current. In automotive electronic systems, especially in new energy vehicles and intelligent vehicles, this can significantly reduce standby power consumption, extend battery life, and improve the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the energy storage circuit 10 further includes a first diode D1. The first diode D1 is connected in series between the first switching transistor T1 and the first energy storage capacitor C1. The positive terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor T1, and the negative terminal of the first diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor C1.

[0061] In this circuit, the first diode D1 is connected in series between the first switching transistor T1 and the first energy storage capacitor C1. Its anode is connected to the second terminal (emitter) of the first switching transistor T1, and its cathode is connected to the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor C1. D1 primarily functions as a unidirectional conductor and provides protection. When T1 is on, the VCC power supply flows through T1 to charge C1. However, during this process, D1 only allows current to flow from its anode to its cathode, i.e., from T1 to C1, and does not allow reverse flow. Thus, even if the power supply VCC experiences a momentary reverse voltage fluctuation, D1 can prevent current from flowing back through C1, protecting the energy storage capacitor from damage. It also prevents the power supply circuit from being impacted by reverse current, ensuring the stability and safety of the circuit.

[0062] The second terminal of the first energy storage capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0063] In this embodiment, by adding a first diode D1 to the energy storage circuit, the design effectively enhances the stability of the power supply. The unidirectional conductivity of D1 can prevent reverse current caused by unstable or faulty power supply conditions, thereby protecting sensitive components in the circuit (such as C1) from damage and improving the reliability and durability of the entire electronic system.

[0064] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the discharge circuit 20 includes: a reference voltage circuit 40, an operational amplifier circuit 50, and a discharge transistor P1, wherein:

[0065] The reference voltage circuit 40 is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10 and is used to form a reference voltage based on the current at the output terminal of the energy storage circuit 10.

[0066] Specifically, the reference voltage circuit 40 is a core component of the bleeder circuit 20. It is closely connected to the output of the energy storage circuit 10, and its main function is to generate a stable reference voltage based on changes in the output current. At the output of the energy storage circuit 10 (i.e., the output of C1), when current flows through it, the reference voltage circuit 40 detects this current and converts it into a reference voltage. The magnitude of this reference voltage depends on the current flowing through the output of the energy storage circuit 10 and is typically proportional to the current magnitude. The reference voltage circuit provides a stable voltage signal for comparison and adjustment by the subsequent operational amplifier circuit 50.

[0067] Operational amplifier circuit 50 is connected to reference voltage circuit 40 to receive reference voltage. Operational amplifier OP1 is used to output control voltage according to reference voltage.

[0068] Specifically, the operational amplifier circuit 50 receives a reference voltage generated by the reference voltage circuit 40 and outputs a control voltage based on this reference voltage. This control voltage is used to control the conduction level of the discharge transistor P1, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the current flowing through the discharge transistor P1.

[0069] The first terminal of the discharge transistor P1 is connected to the second power supply line 200 of the load 30, the control terminal of the discharge transistor P1 is connected to the operational amplifier circuit 50, and the second terminal of the discharge transistor P1 is grounded through the operational amplifier circuit 50. The discharge transistor P1 is used to adjust the conduction level under the action of the control voltage to control the magnitude of the current flowing through the discharge transistor P1.

[0070] Among them, the discharge transistor P1 is a key component in the discharge circuit. It is used to adjust its own conduction level under the action of the control voltage, thereby controlling the amount of current flowing from the second power line 200 of the load 30 to ground.

[0071] In this embodiment, a constant current discharge mechanism is achieved through the synergistic effect of the reference voltage circuit, operational amplifier circuit, and discharge transistor. When C1 begins to discharge, the reference voltage circuit generates a reference voltage. The operational amplifier circuit compares this voltage with the set constant current source voltage and outputs a control voltage to adjust the conduction level of P1, ensuring that the current remains constant during the discharge of C2. This effectively avoids the impact of sudden current changes on the circuit and improves the efficiency and safety of the discharge. The operational amplifier circuit can precisely adjust the conduction level of the discharge transistor P1 according to minute changes in the reference voltage, thereby achieving precise control of the discharge current. This precise control capability is a valuable feature for electronic systems that require stable current output, enhancing system stability and reliability. The constant current discharge mechanism and precise current control not only reduce power consumption in standby mode but also improve system safety. During the discharge process, the current remains constant, and the system can avoid risks such as overheating and overvoltage that may be caused by sudden current changes, thereby protecting other components in the circuit and extending the service life of the electronic system. Meanwhile, the low power consumption characteristic means longer battery life and lower energy costs for applications such as automotive electronic systems that require long standby times.

[0072] In one embodiment, please see [link to embodiment]. Figure 6 The operational amplifier circuit 50 includes: operational amplifier OP1, fourth resistor R4, and fifth resistor R5, wherein:

[0073] The positive input terminal of operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the reference voltage circuit 40, and the output terminal of operational amplifier OP1 is connected to the control terminal of discharge transistor P1.

[0074] Operational amplifier OP1 is the core component of the circuit, used to perform voltage comparison and output control voltage. It receives a reference voltage generated by reference voltage circuit 40, compares this reference voltage with a set voltage, and outputs a control voltage that determines the conduction level of discharge transistor P1, thereby controlling the magnitude of the discharge current.

[0075] For example, the positive input (+ input) of operational amplifier OP1 is connected to reference voltage circuit 40, receiving a reference voltage (0.6-0.7V) formed by T5 and R3. The negative input (- input) is connected to the second terminal (drain) of discharge transistor P1 through the fourth resistor R4, and indirectly grounded. When the reference voltage is higher than the set voltage, the output of operational amplifier OP1 outputs a higher voltage (control voltage), increasing the conduction level of discharge transistor P1 and increasing the current. Conversely, when the reference voltage is lower than the set voltage, the output of operational amplifier OP1 outputs a lower voltage, reducing the conduction level of discharge transistor P1 until it is turned off, thereby controlling the current magnitude.

[0076] The first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier OP1, and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second end of the discharge transistor P1.

[0077] In this circuit, the fourth resistor R4 serves as feedback in the operational amplifier circuit 50. It is connected between the inverting input (-input terminal) of operational amplifier OP1 and the second terminal (drain) of discharge transistor P1, used to set the current magnitude of discharge transistor P1. The main function of R4 is to provide a current setpoint; the voltage formed across this resistor represents the current flowing through discharge transistor P1. When the current of discharge transistor P1 flows through R4, a voltage difference is formed across R4. This voltage difference is detected by the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier OP1, compared with a reference voltage, and thus adjusts the control voltage output of the operational amplifier to control the conduction level of discharge transistor P1, ensuring that the current flowing through P1 remains constant.

[0078] The fifth resistor R5 has its first end connected to the second end of the fourth resistor R4, and the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded.

[0079] The discharge circuit also includes a third capacitor C3, which is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply of the operational amplifier OP1 to provide a stable operating power supply for the operational amplifier OP1.

[0080] The fifth resistor R5 is located between the second terminal (drain) of the discharge transistor P1 and ground (GND). It not only serves as part of the discharge circuit but is also used to set the current magnitude of the constant current source.

[0081] For example, R5 is a key component in the circuit used to set the magnitude of the constant current source. When the discharge transistor P1 is turned on, current flows through R5 to ground. Since the resistance of R5 is fixed, according to Ohm's law (V=IR), the magnitude of the current flowing through R5 can be controlled by setting a voltage difference across R5. The output control voltage of operational amplifier OP1 indirectly controls the current flowing through R5 by adjusting the conduction level of discharge transistor P1, thereby achieving constant current discharge. The choice of the resistance value of R5 directly affects the magnitude of the discharge current; it is generally chosen between 10 and 100 ohms to accommodate different current requirements.

[0082] In this embodiment, a highly efficient constant current discharge mechanism is achieved through the combined design of operational amplifier OP1, fourth resistor R4, and fifth resistor R5. Operational amplifier OP1 accurately controls the conduction level of discharge transistor P1 by comparing a reference voltage with the voltage set via R5, ensuring that the current flowing through P1 and R5 remains constant. This avoids the impact of sudden current changes on the circuit and improves the stability and safety of the discharge process. The precise configuration of R4 and R5 allows the circuit to accurately control the magnitude of the discharge current according to the set voltage. This precise control capability is crucial for applications requiring stable current discharge, such as automotive domain controllers, ensuring consistent system performance during discharge and preventing system instability or damage that may be caused by current fluctuations. The feedback loop formed by operational amplifier OP1, R4, and R5 can detect and adjust the discharge current in real time, ensuring it remains at a preset constant value. This feedback adjustment mechanism enhances the circuit's adaptability to environmental changes (such as load changes and power fluctuations), improving the overall reliability and robustness of the system.

[0083] In one embodiment, please see [link to embodiment]. Figure 6 The reference voltage circuit 40 includes: a third resistor R3 and a fifth switching transistor T5, wherein:

[0084] The first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output end of the energy storage circuit 10.

[0085] The third resistor R3 is a key component in the reference voltage circuit. Its main function is to provide a voltage drop, based on which the circuit can generate a stable reference voltage. The first end of R3 is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit (i.e., the positive terminal of C1), and the second end is connected to the base of the fifth switching transistor T5.

[0086] For example, when the energy storage circuit begins to discharge, current flows through R3, generating a voltage drop across it that is proportional to the current flowing through it. This voltage drop is used as the input signal for the reference voltage, acting directly on the base of the fifth switching transistor T5, and is also received by the positive input (+ input) of the operational amplifier OP1.

[0087] The fifth switch T5 has its first terminal grounded. The control terminal of the fifth switch T5 is connected to the second terminal of the third resistor R3 and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1. The fifth switch T5 is used to provide a reference voltage under the action of the voltage drop across the third resistor R3.

[0088] In this design, the fifth switching transistor T5 serves as the generator for the reference voltage. It is an NPN transistor with its first terminal (emitter) grounded (GND), its control terminal (base) connected to the second terminal of the third resistor R3, and its third terminal (collector) connected to the positive input terminal (+ input terminal) of the operational amplifier OP1.

[0089] For example, when the voltage drop across R3 (i.e., the reference voltage) is high enough, the base potential of T5 rises, causing T5 to conduct. Once T5 is turned on, its collector potential is pulled down to near ground, thus forming a stable reference voltage at the positive input of operational amplifier OP1. This reference voltage is determined by the voltage drop across R3 and the Vbe voltage (0.6-0.7V) of T5, ensuring that the reference voltage remains stable even under changes in load or power supply conditions.

[0090] In this embodiment, the circuit can form a stable reference voltage through the combined use of the third resistor R3 and the fifth switch T5. This reference voltage is determined by the voltage drop across R3 and the Vbe voltage of T5, ensuring that the reference voltage remains stable even when the output voltage of the energy storage circuit C1 fluctuates, providing a reliable foundation for the subsequent constant current discharge process. R3, acting as a voltage drop generator, effectively converts the current discharged from C1 into a voltage signal related to the current magnitude. This signal is further converted into a reference voltage by T5. This current-to-voltage conversion mechanism allows the circuit to automatically adjust the reference voltage based on changes in the discharge current, enhancing the circuit's adaptability and intelligence. T5 is turned on or off under the influence of the voltage drop across R3, forming a stable reference voltage, which is the basis for the operational amplifier OP1 to compare and adjust the discharge current. Through this mechanism, the circuit can achieve precise control of the discharge current, ensuring that the current remains at a preset constant level, avoiding the impact of sudden current changes on the circuit, and improving the system's stability and safety.

[0091] In one embodiment, please see [link to embodiment]. Figure 6The discharge circuit also includes: a voltage conversion power supply 60 and a second capacitor C2, wherein:

[0092] The input terminal of the voltage conversion power supply 60 is connected to the first power line 100, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion power supply 60 is connected to the at least one load 30 through the second power line 200.

[0093] Among them, the voltage conversion power supply 60 is a circuit component that can convert the input voltage into an output voltage suitable for the load. It is a key component in the discharge circuit and is used to ensure the normal operating voltage of the load.

[0094] The voltage conversion power supply 60 (such as a DC-DC converter) has its input connected to the first power supply line (VCC), and its output connected to at least one load (such as a System on Chip-Microcontroller Unit (SOC-MCU)) via a second power supply line. Its operating principle involves adjusting the output voltage through internal control circuitry to ensure that the voltage on the second power supply line remains stable even when the voltage on the first power supply line fluctuates, providing a constant operating voltage to the load. In the circuit diagram, the voltage conversion power supply is represented as a standalone module, typically including a switching power supply conversion circuit (such as a DC-DC converter), which converts the input VCC voltage to a voltage suitable for the load's operation, such as 3.3V or 5V. Through this voltage conversion, stable operation of the load 30 is guaranteed even when the input power supply voltage (VCC) fluctuates between 9-16V.

[0095] One end of the first power line 100 is connected to the power supply interface, which provides a power signal (VCC) to the first power line 100. The other end of the first power line 100 is connected to the voltage conversion power supply 60. Therefore, there is always a power signal (VCC) on the first power line 100. So once the first switching transistor T1 is turned on, the power signal (VCC) on the first power line 100 will charge the first energy storage capacitor C1.

[0096] The voltage conversion power supply 60 is used to convert the power signal (VCC) on the first power line 100 and provide it to the second power line 200 (for example, converting the 12V power signal (VCC) to 5V and outputting it to the second power line 200). One end of the second power line 200 is connected to the voltage conversion power supply 60, and the other end of the second power line 200 is connected to the external load 30, thereby supplying power to the load 30.

[0097] The first terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the second power supply line 200, and the second terminal of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.

[0098] The second capacitor, C2, is an energy storage element whose main function is to provide instantaneous voltage stabilization and filtering for the load during power conversion. The first terminal of C2 is connected to the second power line 200, directly connected to the load 30, while the second terminal is grounded. When the load 30's demand increases instantaneously, C2 provides additional charge to maintain voltage stability and prevent voltage drops from affecting the load. Simultaneously, C2 filters out high-frequency noise in the power supply, ensuring the load 30 operates in a cleaner power environment. In the circuit diagram, C2 is a capacitor connected in parallel with the output of the voltage conversion power supply. Its size is generally greater than 470uF, designed to ensure sufficient charge to stabilize the voltage and provide good filtering during power conversion and load changes.

[0099] In this embodiment, by using a voltage conversion power supply, the circuit can convert the unstable first power line voltage into a stable second power line voltage, providing a constant operating voltage environment for the load. This voltage conversion mechanism significantly improves the stability and reliability of the power system, ensuring that the load can operate normally even under power fluctuations. The presence of the second capacitor C2 enables the circuit to quickly respond to the instantaneous power demands of the load. When the load's power demand suddenly increases, C2 can provide additional charge to prevent a sudden drop in the second power line voltage, thereby ensuring that the load can continue to operate stably and improving the overall response speed and performance of the system. The filtering function of C2 can effectively suppress high-frequency noise in the power supply, ensuring that the load is not interfered with by noise when receiving voltage. This improvement in signal purity is crucial for improving the performance and accuracy of complex electronic systems such as automotive domain controllers, and can reduce system instability and data error rates caused by power supply noise.

[0100] In one embodiment, the working process of the discharge circuit in this application under different states is described:

[0101] Normal working state / standby state:

[0102] 1. Power Activation: When the EN signal (power enable signal) is high, the circuit enters normal operation. T1 is turned on, T2 is turned off, and the VCC power supply charges C1 (energy storage capacitor) through T1 and D1 (diode).

[0103] 2. Energy Storage and Voltage Conversion: After C1 is fully charged, it provides a stable power supply to OP1 (operational amplifier), T5, and R3. Simultaneously, the voltage conversion power supply (DC-DC converter) begins operation, converting the VCC voltage into a stable voltage suitable for the load (such as a SOC-MCU), which is then output through the second power line.

[0104] 3. Current Control and Discharge Preparation: T5 generates a Vbe voltage (0.6-0.7V) through R3 as a reference voltage, which is supplied to the positive input terminal of OP1. At this time, the constant current discharge module is in standby mode, P1 (NMOS discharge transistor) is off, and no discharge occurs.

[0105] 4. Load operation: The load (such as SOC-MCU) operates normally under the stable voltage provided by the second power line.

[0106] Off state:

[0107] 1. EN signal low level: When the EN signal is low, the circuit will enter the discharge process.

[0108] 2. Start Discharge: At this time, the Vbe voltage (0.6-0.7V) of T5 is used as a reference voltage and detected by OP1. OP1 compares the Vbe voltage with the reference voltage set by R5, and outputs a control voltage to the gate of P1 based on the comparison result.

[0109] 3. Constant current discharge: The control voltage turns on P1, and the voltage on C2 (the second capacitor) begins constant current discharge through the circuit composed of P1 and R5. R5 acts as a current-limiting resistor, ensuring that the current remains constant during the discharge process, minimizing circuit impact and ensuring high safety.

[0110] 4. Discharge current control: The output voltage of OP1 adjusts the conduction level of P1 according to the voltage change on C2, thereby controlling the magnitude of the discharge current and ensuring the rapid and safe release of the charge stored in C2.

[0111] Discharge complete: When the voltage on C2 drops to zero or the set low point, the discharge process is complete, P1 is turned off under the control of OP1, and the circuit enters the off state.

[0112] In this embodiment, under normal operating conditions, the circuit can stably power the load through the DC-DC converter, ensuring efficient system operation. In standby mode, the circuit maintains ultra-low power consumption using a self-locking mechanism and a disconnected discharge circuit, suitable for long-term standby requirements. In the off state, the circuit can safely and quickly release the electrical energy stored in C2 through the discharge circuit, avoiding potential circuit shocks or safety hazards caused by capacitor discharge.

[0113] In one embodiment, a vehicle is provided, which includes the discharge circuit of any of the above embodiments and at least one load. Therefore, this vehicle also possesses the beneficial effects of the discharge circuit in the above embodiments; the similarities can be understood by referring to the explanation of the discharge circuit above, and will not be repeated below.

[0114] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," and "ideal embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.

[0115] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0116] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A discharge circuit, characterized in that, include: An energy storage circuit includes a first energy storage capacitor, a first switching transistor, and a second switching transistor. The first terminal of the first switching transistor serves as the input terminal of the energy storage circuit and is connected to an external first power supply line. The second terminal of the first switching transistor, the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor, and the first terminal of the second switching transistor are connected together. The second terminal of the second switching transistor serves as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit. The energy storage circuit is used to control the first switching transistor to be turned on and the second switching transistor to be turned off when the discharge circuit supplies power to an external load, so as to charge the first energy storage capacitor. When the discharge circuit does not supply power to an external load, it controls the first switching transistor to be turned off and the second switching transistor to be turned on, so as to discharge the first energy storage capacitor through the output terminal of the energy storage circuit. A discharge circuit is provided, which is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit and the second power supply line of the load. The discharge circuit is used to open the path between the second power supply line and the equivalent ground when the output terminal of the energy storage circuit is received, and to disconnect the path between the second power supply line and the equivalent ground when the output terminal of the energy storage circuit is not received.

2. The discharge circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage circuit also includes: The control circuit has an input terminal for receiving an enable signal and an output terminal connected to the control terminals of the first switch and the second switch, respectively. The control circuit is used to control the first switch to be turned on and the second switch to be turned off when the enable signal is at a first level, and to control the first switch to be turned off and the second switch to be turned on when the enable signal is at a second level.

3. The discharge circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control circuit includes: The third switch transistor has a control terminal for receiving the enable signal and a first terminal for grounding. A first resistor is connected at its first end to the second end of the third switch transistor, and at its second end to the control terminal of the first switch transistor. The first resistor is used to pull down the potential of the control terminal of the first switch transistor to turn the first switch transistor on when the third switch transistor is turned on.

4. The discharge circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control circuit also includes: A fourth switch is provided, wherein the control terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the second terminal of the third switch, the first terminal of the fourth switch is grounded, and the second terminal of the fourth switch is connected to the control terminal of the second switch. The fourth switch is turned off when the third switch is turned on. The second resistor has its first end connected to the second end of the fourth switch and its second end connected to the control terminal of the first switch. When the fourth switch is turned off, the second resistor pulls up the potential of the control terminal of the second switch to turn off the second switch.

5. The discharge circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage circuit also includes: The first diode is connected in series between the first switching transistor and the first energy storage capacitor. The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the second terminal of the first switching transistor, and the negative terminal of the first diode is connected to the first terminal of the first energy storage capacitor. The second terminal of the first energy storage capacitor is grounded.

6. The discharge circuit according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The discharge circuit includes: A reference voltage circuit is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit and is used to generate a reference voltage based on the current at the output terminal of the energy storage circuit. An operational amplifier circuit is connected to the reference voltage circuit to receive the reference voltage, and the operational amplifier is used to output a control voltage according to the reference voltage. A discharge transistor is provided, wherein its first terminal is connected to the second power supply line of the load, its control terminal is connected to the operational amplifier circuit, and its second terminal is grounded through the operational amplifier circuit. The discharge transistor is used to adjust its conduction level under the action of the control voltage to control the magnitude of the current flowing through the discharge transistor.

7. The discharge circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The operational amplifier circuit includes: An operational amplifier, wherein the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the reference voltage circuit, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the control terminal of the discharge transistor; A fourth resistor, the first end of which is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second end of which is connected to the second terminal of the discharge transistor; The fifth resistor has its first end connected to the second end of the fourth resistor, and its second end is grounded.

8. The discharge circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reference voltage circuit includes: The third resistor, the first end of which is connected to the output terminal of the energy storage circuit; The fifth switch has its first terminal grounded, and its control terminal is connected to the second terminal of the third resistor and the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier. The fifth switch is used to provide the reference voltage under the action of the voltage drop across the third resistor.

9. The discharge circuit according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The discharge circuit further includes: A voltage conversion power supply, wherein the input terminal of the voltage conversion power supply is connected to the first power line, and the output terminal of the voltage conversion power supply is connected to at least one load through the second power line; The second capacitor has its first terminal connected to the second power supply line and its second terminal grounded.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes the discharge circuit as described in any one of claims 1-9 and at least one load.

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