A high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522154753.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-12
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型用于提供一种高电压增益两级式五开关双向DC-DC变换器，以解决传统双向DC-DC变换器无法实现的高电压增益的问题
[0004]本实用新型用于提供一种高电压增益两级式五开关双向DC-DC变换器，以解决传统双向DC-DC变换器无法实现的高电压增益的问题。
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Figure CN224875003U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of DC-DC converter technology, specifically to a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, distributed generation systems widely adopt new alternative energy sources to replace traditional energy sources. Distributed power sources and the microgrids they form have become an important part of the current power grid. DC-DC converters are key components connecting energy storage devices to the power system. Unlike traditional unidirectional converters, bidirectional DC-DC converters enable bidirectional energy flow. They not only convert electrical energy in energy storage units into voltages suitable for grid demands, but also, under certain conditions, can reverse the flow of excess energy from loads or the grid back to batteries for storage. This allows for the regulation of charge and discharge in the energy storage system, enabling batteries to charge and discharge according to demand. It ensures the stable operation of distributed generation systems and the efficient use of electrical energy, playing a crucial role in the power system. Traditional bidirectional DC-DC converters suffer from low output voltage gain. To achieve high voltage gain, it is usually necessary to adjust the input DC voltage to change the output DC voltage. However, this inevitably increases cost and losses.
[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter to solve the problem of high voltage gain that traditional bidirectional DC-DC converters cannot achieve.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a high voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter, including a DC voltage source module, a high conversion efficiency module, a five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module, and a MOSFET control module; characterized in that: the output of the DC voltage source is connected to the input of the high conversion efficiency module; the output of the high conversion efficiency module is connected to the input of the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the output of the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module is connected to the input of the DC voltage source; the DC voltage sources shown are V1 and V2; the high conversion efficiency module includes crystal switches T1 and T2, diodes D1 and D2, capacitors C1 and C2, inductor L1, and resistor R1; the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module includes crystal switches T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7, diodes D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7, capacitor C3, inductor L2, inductor L3, inductor L4, and resistor R1. 2。
[0006] The positive terminal of the DC voltage source V1 is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor C1 and the anode of the diode D2 via resistor R1. The positive terminal of the DC voltage source V2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C3 and the cathode of the diode D6 via resistor R2. The negative terminal of the DC voltage source V2 is connected to the cathode of the capacitor C3, the anode of the diode D3, and the negative terminal of the DC voltage source V1.
[0007] The MOSFET control module outputs 7 control signals, with output interfaces for MOSFETs T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 respectively. 7；
[0008] In the high conversion efficiency module, the gate of the crystal switch T1 is connected to the T1 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source V1, the positive terminal of capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1, the source is connected to the cathode of diode D2, the positive terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the anode of diode D1, the gate of the crystal switch T2 is connected to the T2 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the anode of inductor L1, the source is connected to the anode of diode D2, the cathodes of capacitors C1 and C2 are connected, capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of resistor R1, the positive terminal of capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of inductor L1 and the cathode of diode D4, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor C1 and the anode of diode D3.
[0009] The five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module has the following connections: The gate of transistor T3 is connected to the T3 output interface of the MOSFET control module; its drain is connected to the negative terminal of inductor L2, the negative terminal of magnetizing inductor L4, the positive terminal of inductor L3, and the cathode of diode D3; its source is connected to the anode of diode D3 and the negative terminal of capacitor C2. The gate of transistor T4 is connected to the T4 output interface of the MOSFET control module; its drain is connected to the negative terminal of L3; and its source is connected to the anode of diode D4. The gate of transistor T5 is connected to the T5 output interface of the MOSFET control module; and its drain is connected to the anode of diode D4. 4. The cathode and positive terminal of capacitor C2 are connected to the negative terminal of inductor L1, and the source is connected to the anode of diode D5. The gate of transistor T6 is connected to the T6 output interface of MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the negative terminal of inductor L3, and the source is connected to the positive terminal of diode D6. The gate of transistor T7 is connected to the T7 output interface of MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor C3 and the positive terminal of resistor R2, and the source is connected to the positive terminal of diode D7. The positive terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to the cathode of diode D6 and the anode of resistor R2, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor C2 and the anode of diode D3. Attached Figure Description
[0010] To more clearly illustrate the high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter proposed in this invention, further detailed explanations will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0011] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter according to the present invention.
[0012] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shows a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter in forward buck operation mode 1.
[0013] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shows a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter in forward buck operation mode state 2.
[0014] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shows a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter in forward buck operation mode 3.
[0015] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shows a high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter in reverse boost mode state 1.
[0016] Figure 6 for Figure 1The circuit diagram shows a high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter in reverse boost mode, state 2.
[0017] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The circuit shown is a high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter in reverse boost mode state 3. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The following will be combined with the appendix Figure 1 Appendix Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 Appendix Figure 5 Appendix Figure 6 and attached Figure 7 The working mode of this utility model is described in detail through multiple embodiments. These examples are only some feasible implementation schemes and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0019] Figure 1 The diagram shows the circuit structure of a high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter according to this invention. Its specific structure is as follows: a DC voltage source module, a high conversion efficiency module, a five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module, and a MOSFET control module. The DC voltage source output is connected to the input of the high conversion efficiency module; the high conversion efficiency module output is connected to the input of the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter; the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module output is connected to the DC voltage source input; the DC voltage sources shown are V1 and V2; the high conversion efficiency module includes transistors T1 and T2, diodes D1 and D2, capacitors C1 and C2, inductor L1, and resistor R1; the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module includes transistors T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7, diodes D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7, capacitor C3, inductors L2, L3, L4, and resistor R2.
[0020] The positive terminal of the DC voltage source V1 is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor C1 and the anode of the diode D2 via resistor R1. The positive terminal of the DC voltage source V2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C3 and the cathode of the diode D6 via resistor R2. The negative terminal of the DC voltage source V2 is connected to the cathode of the capacitor C3, the anode of the diode D3, and the negative terminal of the DC voltage source V1.
[0021] The MOSFET control module outputs 7 control signals, with output interfaces for MOSFETs T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 respectively.7；
[0022] In the high conversion efficiency module, the gate of the crystal switch T1 is connected to the T1 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source V1, the positive terminal of capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1, the source is connected to the cathode of diode D2, the positive terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the anode of diode D1, the gate of the crystal switch T2 is connected to the T2 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the anode of inductor L1, the source is connected to the anode of diode D2, the cathodes of capacitors C1 and C2 are connected, capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of resistor R1, the positive terminal of capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of inductor L1 and the cathode of diode D4, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor C1 and the anode of diode D3.
[0023] The five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module has the following connections: The gate of transistor T3 is connected to the T3 output interface of the MOSFET control module; its drain is connected to the negative terminal of inductor L2, the negative terminal of magnetizing inductor L4, the positive terminal of inductor L3, and the cathode of diode D3; its source is connected to the anode of diode D3 and the negative terminal of capacitor C2. The gate of transistor T4 is connected to the T4 output interface of the MOSFET control module; its drain is connected to the negative terminal of L3; and its source is connected to the anode of diode D4. The gate of transistor T5 is connected to the T5 output interface of the MOSFET control module; and its drain is connected to the anode of diode D4. 4. The cathode and positive terminal of capacitor C2 are connected to the negative terminal of inductor L1, and the source is connected to the anode of diode D5. The gate of transistor T6 is connected to the T6 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the negative terminal of inductor L3, and the source is connected to the positive terminal of diode D6. The gate of transistor T7 is connected to the T7 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor C3 and the positive terminal of resistor R2, and the source is connected to the positive terminal of diode D7. The positive terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to the cathode of diode D6 and the anode of resistor R2, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor C2 and the anode of diode D3. The positive terminal of resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor C3 and the cathode of diode D6, and the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of DC voltage source V2.
[0024] refer to Figure 1 The difference between this five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter and a traditional bidirectional DC-DC converter lies in the use of a tapped inductor to achieve high voltage gain. The five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter is an improvement on a four-switch converter using a tapped inductor. The tapped inductor is modeled as an ideal transformer with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetizing inductance L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding, thus extending the range of voltage gain. Figure 2 , 3 4 and Figure 5 , 6As can be seen from 7, this utility model has two working modes: forward voltage reduction mode and reverse voltage boost mode.
[0025] In forward buck mode, current flows from DC voltage source V1 through resistor R1, transistor T1, and inductor L1, causing energy to flow from the DC voltage source V1 terminal to the capacitor C2 terminal. From the capacitor C2 terminal, the current flows through an ideal transformer modeled with tapped inductors of a five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter, which has two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding, back to the DC voltage source V2 terminal. The input DC voltage V1 can be widened by changing the turns ratio of the ideal transformer modeled with tapped inductors, which has two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding. At the same time, this invention also has high efficiency. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 These represent the three operating states within one cycle T under the forward buck mode of this utility model. Figure 2 In the forward buck operating mode, state 1: transistors T1, T5, and T6 are all turned on, while transistor T2 is turned off. The current I1 provided by the DC voltage source V1 passes through resistor R1, transistor T1, inductor L1, transistor T5, diode D5, an ideal transformer modeled with two windings L2 and L3 (with tapped inductors) and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding, transistor T6, diode D6, resistor R2, and DC voltage source V2, finally returning to DC voltage source V1. During this process, L1 begins to store energy, and the current through inductor L1 gradually increases, while energy is also transferred from the capacitor C2 terminal to the DC voltage source V2 terminal. Figure 3 In the forward buck operating mode, state 2: transistors T2, T5, and T6 are all turned on. Since transistor T1 is turned off, the input DC voltage V1 cannot provide energy to the output DC voltage V2. Inductor L1 releases energy, and current I2 flows through inductor L1 and transistor T2 to capacitor C2 and back to inductor L1. Current I3 flows through transistor T5, diode D5, through an ideal transformer modeled with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding, transistor T6, diode D6, resistor R2, and DC voltage source V2 back to inductor L1. Energy flows from inductor L1 to capacitors C2 and C3, and the current in inductor L1 decreases linearly. Figure 4 In forward buck operating mode, state 3: both transistors T2 and T6 are turned on, and current I4 charges capacitor C2 through inductor L1 and transistor T2. L4Inductor L4 charges inductor L2, while inductor L3 releases energy. Current I5 flows through inductor L3, transistor T6, and diode D6 to capacitor C3 and back to the positive terminal of inductor L3 via diode D3. The currents in inductors L3 and L1 gradually decrease, while the voltage across capacitor C3 gradually increases. In operating mode state 3, the voltage V across the magnetized inductor L4 of an ideal transformer with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding is... L4 The reverse also occurs, and the output DC voltage V2 changes due to the change in the turns ratio of the ideal transformer modeled with tapped inductors, which has two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetizing inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding. As can be seen from the above description, the voltage gain changes with the change in the turns ratio of the ideal transformer modeled with tapped inductors, which has two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetizing inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding. To achieve a high voltage gain DC-DC converter, it is necessary to find a suitable turns ratio for the tapped inductors.
[0026] In reverse boost mode, energy flows from the DC voltage source V2 to the DC voltage source V1 through an ideal transformer modeled by a tapped inductor with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetizing inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding. Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 This refers to the three operating states within one cycle T in the reverse boost mode of the utility model. Figure 5 In reverse boost mode, state 1: Transistors T2, T3, and T7 are all turned on, providing current I6 to the DC voltage V2. This current flows through transistor T7, diode D7, the magnetized inductor L4 (modeled as an ideal transformer with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding), and transistor T3 back to the DC voltage V2. During this process, the current in L4 gradually increases. Inductor L1 releases energy, and current I7 charges capacitor C2 through transistor T2. Figure 6 In reverse boost mode state 2: transistors T2, T4, and T7 are all turned on, transistor T3 is turned off, DC voltage source V2 provides current I8, which flows through resistor R2, transistor T7, diode D7, an ideal transformer modeled with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding, inductor L1, transistor T2 and returns to DC voltage source V2. Current I9 through capacitor C2 flows through inductor L1, transistor T2 and returns to capacitor C2. During this process, DC voltage source V2 and capacitor C2 charge inductor L1, and the current flowing through inductor L1 gradually increases. Figure 7 In reverse boost mode (state 3): Transistors T1, T4, and T7 are all turned on, transistor T2 is turned off, and DC power supply V2 provides current I. 10An ideal transformer with two windings L2 and L3 and a magnetizing inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding, modeled by resistor R2, transistor T7, diode D7, tapped inductor, transistor T4, diode D4, inductor L1, and transistor T1 returns to DC voltage source V2. Energy flows from the terminal of DC voltage source V2 to the terminal of DC voltage source V1. Inductor L1 begins to release energy, and the current I... 11 The current flows through inductor L1, transistor T1, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2. Inductor L1 charges capacitor C1, and the current in inductor L1 gradually decreases. In this way, a high voltage gain requires a five-switch bidirectional DC-DC module to adjust the turns ratio of an ideal transformer modeled with tapped inductors (two windings L2 and L3) and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding. This achieves higher voltage gain. Furthermore, when the power flow direction changes from DC voltage source V1 to DC voltage source V2 to DC voltage source V2 to DC voltage source V1, the current direction of the magnetized inductor L4 in the ideal transformer modeled with tapped inductors (two windings L2 and L3) and a magnetized inductor L4 connected in parallel with the primary winding remains unchanged. This facilitates faster dynamic response when the power flow reverses. Moreover, this invention has high conversion efficiency and is suitable for high-power scenarios.
[0027] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any modifications and refinements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model shall be determined by the content defined in the claims.
Claims
1. A high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter, comprising a DC voltage source module, a high-conversion-efficiency module, a five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module, and a MOSFET control module; characterized in that: The DC voltage source output is connected to the high-efficiency module input; the high-efficiency module output is connected to the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter input, and the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module output is connected to the DC voltage source input; the DC voltage source shown is V1, and the DC voltage source is V2; the high-efficiency module includes transistors T1 and T2, diodes D1 and D2, capacitors C1 and C2, inductor L1, and resistor R1; the five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module includes transistors T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7, diodes D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7, capacitor C3, inductors L2, L3, L4, and resistor R1. 2。 2. The high-voltage-gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positive terminal of the DC voltage source V1 is connected to the negative terminal of the capacitor C1 and the anode of the diode D2 via resistor R1. The positive terminal of the DC voltage source V2 is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C3 and the cathode of the diode D6 via resistor R2. The negative terminal of the DC voltage source V2 is connected to the cathode of the capacitor C3, the anode of the diode D3, and the negative terminal of the DC voltage source V1.
3. The high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The MOSFET control module outputs 7 control signals, with output interfaces for MOSFETs T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, and T7 respectively. 7。 4. A high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the high conversion efficiency module, the gate of the crystal switch T1 is connected to the T1 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source V1, the positive terminal of capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1, the source is connected to the cathode of diode D2, the positive terminal of inductor L1 is connected to the anode of diode D1, the gate of the crystal switch T2 is connected to the T2 output interface of the MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the anode of inductor L1, the source is connected to the anode of diode D2, the cathodes of capacitors C1 and C2 are connected, capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of resistor R1, the positive terminal of capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of inductor L1 and the cathode of diode D4, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor C1 and the anode of diode D3.
5. A high-voltage gain two-stage five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The five-switch bidirectional DC-DC converter module has the following connections: The gate of transistor T3 is connected to the T3 output interface of the MOSFET control module; its drain is connected to the negative terminal of inductor L2, the negative terminal of magnetizing inductor L4, the positive terminal of inductor L3, and the cathode of diode D3; its source is connected to the anode of diode D3 and the negative terminal of capacitor C2. The gate of transistor T4 is connected to the T4 output interface of the MOSFET control module; its drain is connected to the negative terminal of L3; and its source is connected to the anode of diode D4. The gate of transistor T5 is connected to the T5 output interface of the MOSFET control module; and its drain is connected to the anode of diode D4.
4. The cathode and positive terminal of capacitor C2 are connected to the negative terminal of inductor L1, and the source is connected to the anode of diode D5. The gate of transistor T6 is connected to the T6 output interface of MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the negative terminal of inductor L3, and the source is connected to the positive terminal of diode D6. The gate of transistor T7 is connected to the T7 output interface of MOSFET control module, the drain is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor C3 and the positive terminal of resistor R2, and the source is connected to the positive terminal of diode D7. The positive terminal of capacitor C3 is connected to the cathode of diode D6 and the anode of resistor R2, and the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of capacitor C2 and the anode of diode D3.