A screening and collecting device for a root crop harvester
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522606320.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-09
AI Technical Summary
[0005]针对现有技术中，根茎作物收获机的旋转筛分机构内部部件随筒体转动，导致物料下落后缺乏静止承接面，造成物料导出无序、容易在交接处散落或滞留的问题，本实用新型旨在提供一种结构经过改良的、能够有效解决上述问题的根茎作物收获机的筛分收集装置
[0016]本实用新型结构新颖独特，简单合理，通过设置由滚轮驱动旋转的筛选筐配合内部相对静止的滑板及限位板结构，解决了现有技术中根茎作物收获时泥土分离不彻底以及筛选后物料导出无序导致容易散落的问题，达到了利用筛选筐内壁挡板将物料带至高处摔落以高效去除泥土，并通过悬臂固定的静止滑板承接掉落的作物，将作物精准、平稳地导流至下方输送机构，有效防止作物回流或飞溅，显著提高了收获质量和收集效率的效果。通过采用独立电机驱动前端挖掘输送机构，并利用皮带传动实现筛选机构与后端收集输送机构的联动驱动方式，解决了现有技术中传动系统复杂、挖掘与筛选环节难以协调配合以及因各环节速度不匹配导致物料堆积的问题，达到了简化机械传动结构，实现挖掘进料与筛选收集的独立控制，同时确保筛选筐旋转工作时后端传送带能够同步运行以将物料及时运走，提升了筛分收集装置整体运行稳定性和自动化程度的效果。
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Figure CN224875477U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a screening and collection device for a root and stem crop harvester. Background Technology
[0002] Root crops grow deep in the soil. Mechanized harvesting requires digging up the root crops along with the surrounding soil and separating them in subsequent processes. In the field of agricultural machinery, digging shovels are used in conjunction with conveying mechanisms to lift the soil-root mixture to the separation device. The separation device uses the vibration or rolling force generated by the mechanical movement to detach the soil from the surface of the root crops and discharge it through the gaps, thereby retaining clean root crops for subsequent packing and collection.
[0003] In existing rotary screening mechanisms, when the cylinder is driven to rotate to separate soil, most of the internal components rotate with the cylinder. This follow-up structure means that the material inside the cylinder lacks a stationary receiving surface after being lifted and falling freely. The falling root crops fall directly back to the bottom of the cylinder or roll out haphazardly from the cylinder port, failing to form an orderly discharge path. There is also a lack of effective transition and guiding devices between the root crops and the subsequent conveying components, causing some root crops to fall to the ground at the junction or remain in the cylinder for too long, hindering continuous and efficient collection operations.
[0004] Therefore, this utility model proposes a screening and collection device for a root and stem crop harvester to address the shortcomings of the prior art. Utility Model Content
[0005] In view of the problem that in the prior art, the internal components of the rotary screening mechanism of root and tuber crop harvesters rotate with the cylinder, resulting in a lack of stationary receiving surface after the material falls, causing disordered material discharge and easy scattering or retention at the junction, this utility model aims to provide a screening and collection device for root and tuber crop harvesters with an improved structure that can effectively solve the above problems.
[0006] This utility model provides a screening and collection device for a root and tuber crop harvester, comprising: a frame, a connecting frame and blades disposed at the front end of the frame, a rotating column rotatably connected to a rotating groove on the outer wall of the frame, a conveyor belt rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating column rotatably, and a rear support fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame.
[0007] The rear support is equipped with a screening mechanism located between the output end of the conveyor belt and the collection basket. The screening mechanism includes a cylindrical screening basket, an annular slide rail is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the screening basket, a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the frame, and a roller is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod. The roller is connected to the outer wall of the slide rail by friction transmission or meshing transmission to drive the screening basket to rotate.
[0008] Furthermore, the screening basket is equipped with a slide plate for receiving materials and baffles 1 and 2 fixed to the inner wall. A support rod 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate. The end of the support rod 1 away from the slide plate passes through the end opening of the screening basket and is fixedly connected to the rear support, so that the slide plate remains relatively stationary. A conveyor belt 2 located directly below the discharge end of the slide plate is also rotatably connected to the rear support.
[0009] Preferably, a limiting groove is provided on the outer wall of the rotating column, and the transmission belt is adapted to be embedded in the limiting groove to prevent deviation. One end of the rotating column is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frame through the fixing plate, and the motor provides the driving force for the transmission belt.
[0010] Preferably, a motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rear bracket via a fixing plate. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod. A limit block is also rotatably connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod. The bottom of the limit block is fixedly connected to the top of the rear bracket for radial support and limitation of the rotating rod.
[0011] Preferably, a vertically arranged support rod 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the rear support, a support plate is fixedly connected to the top of the support rod 2, a rotating column 2 is rotatably connected to the support plate, the conveyor belt 2 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating column 2, and anti-drop plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the support plate. The anti-drop plates extend along the length of the conveyor belt 2 and are located on both sides above the conveyor belt 2.
[0012] Preferably, one end of the rotating column two is coaxially fixedly connected to a connecting column, and the connecting column and the rotating rod are connected by belt drive. The belt is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod and the connecting column, so that the motor one can simultaneously drive the screening basket to rotate and the conveyor belt two to run.
[0013] Preferably, both baffle one and baffle two are long strip-shaped plates that extend along the axial direction of the screening basket and are fixed to the inner wall of the screening basket. Baffle one and baffle two are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the screening basket and are used to lift the material at the bottom to the top of the slide plate during rotation.
[0014] Preferably, the slide plate is inclined, with the high end of the slide plate located inside the screening basket and the low end of the slide plate extending to the outside of the screening basket and above the second conveyor belt. Limiting plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the top surface of the slide plate to prevent the material from falling off the slide plate during the sliding process.
[0015] Preferably, the collection basket is a box structure with an open top. The collection basket is detachably placed on the platform at the bottom of the rear support, and the opening of the collection basket is located directly below the end of the conveyor belt away from the screening mechanism, for collecting the screened root crops.
[0016] The structure of the utility model is novel, unique, simple and reasonable. By arranging the screening basket driven to rotate by the rollers in cooperation with the relatively static sliding plate and limiting plate structure inside, the problems in the prior art that the soil separation is not complete during the harvest of root crops and the materials are easily scattered due to disordered discharge after screening are solved. The effects are achieved that the baffle on the inner wall of the screening basket is used to bring the materials to a high place and drop them to efficiently remove the soil, and the static sliding plate fixed by the cantilever receives the falling crops, so that the crops are accurately and smoothly guided to the lower conveying mechanism, effectively preventing the crops from flowing back or splashing, and significantly improving the harvest quality and collection efficiency. By adopting an independent motor to drive the front-end digging and conveying mechanism, and using belt transmission to realize the linkage driving mode of the screening mechanism and the rear-end collecting and conveying mechanism, the problems in the prior art that the transmission system is complex, the digging and screening links are difficult to coordinate and cooperate, and the materials are accumulated due to the speed mismatch of each link are solved. The effects are achieved that the mechanical transmission structure is simplified, the independent control of digging feeding and screening collection is realized, and meanwhile, it is ensured that the rear-end conveyor belt can run synchronously when the screening basket rotates to timely transport away the materials, which improves the overall operation stability and automation degree of the screening and collecting device. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0017] Figure 1 is a southeast view of the frame of the screening and collecting device for a root crop harvester proposed by the utility model; Figure 2 is a perspective view of the conveyor belt of the screening and collecting device for a root crop harvester proposed by the utility model; Figure 3 is a partial structural view of the support plate of the screening and collecting device for a root crop harvester proposed by the utility model; Figure 4 is a partial structure display view of the sliding plate of the screening and collecting device for a root crop harvester proposed by the utility model; Figure 5 is a partial structure display view of the sliding rail of the screening and collecting device for a root crop harvester proposed by the utility model.
[0018] Description of the reference numerals: 1. Frame; 2. Screening mechanism; 201. Screening basket; 202. Sliding rail; 203. First baffle; 204. Second baffle; 205. Sliding plate; 206. First limit plate; 207. First support rod; 208. Rotating rod; 209. Roller; 210. Limit block; 211. First fixing plate; 212. First motor; 213. Collecting basket; 3. Rotating groove; 4. First rotating column; 5. First conveyor belt; 6. Connecting frame; 7. Blade; 8. Limit groove; 9. Belt; 10. Second motor; 11. Second fixing plate; 12. Rear support; 13. Second support rod; 14. Support plate; 15. Second rotating column; 16. Connecting column; 17. Second conveyor belt; 18. Anti-falling plate. Detailed Description of the Embodiments
[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 5 This utility model provides a screening and collection device for a root crop harvester, which aims to solve the problems of incomplete separation of soil and crops after excavation, easy falling during transportation, and low collection efficiency in the prior art.
[0021] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The screening and collecting device of the root and tuber crop harvester includes a frame 1 and a rear support 12 fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame 1. The frame 1 serves as the mounting base and main support structure of the entire device, while the rear support 12 supports the upper screening mechanism 2 and the collection basket 213.
[0022] The outer wall of the frame 1 is provided with a rotating groove 3. The inner wall of the rotating groove 3 is rotatably connected to a rotating column 4. The outer wall of the rotating column 4 is rotatably connected to a conveyor belt 5. The front end of the frame 1 is fixedly connected to a connecting frame 6 and a blade 7. The outer wall of the rotating column 4 is provided with a limiting groove 8. The conveyor belt 5 is fitted into the limiting groove 8 to prevent deviation during the conveying process. One end of the rotating column 4 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a motor 10. The motor 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frame 1 through a fixing plate 11. When the motor 10 starts, it drives the rotating column 4 to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor belt 5 to run, realizing the digging and primary conveying functions of crops.
[0023] A screening mechanism 2 is provided above the rear support 12. The screening mechanism 2 is located behind the discharge end of the conveyor belt 5 and is used to receive the material conveyed in the primary conveying. The screening mechanism 2 includes a cylindrical screening basket 201. An annular slide rail 202 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the screening basket 201. A rotating rod 208 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the frame 1. A roller 209 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 208. The roller 209 is connected to the outer wall of the slide rail 202 by friction transmission. The roller 209 drives the screening basket 201 to rotate around the axis under the drive of the rotating rod 208, so as to realize the screening of the material.
[0024] The screening basket 201 is equipped with a slide plate 205 for receiving materials and baffles 203 and 204 for lifting materials. A support rod 207 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate 205. The end of the support rod 207 away from the slide plate 205 passes through the end opening of the screening basket 201 and is fixedly connected to the rear bracket 12, so that the slide plate 205 remains relatively stationary when the screening basket 201 rotates, and can stably discharge the screened materials. Baffles 203 and 204 are both long strip plates that extend along the axial direction of the screening basket 201 and are fixed to the inner wall of the screening basket 201. When the screening basket 201 rotates, they lift the materials above the slide plate 205.
[0025] Reference Figures 3 to 5 The outer wall of the rear bracket 12 is fixedly connected to the motor 212 via the fixing plate 211. The output shaft of the motor 212 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod 208. The outer wall of the rotating rod 208 is also rotatably connected to the limit block 210. The bottom of the limit block 210 is fixedly connected to the top of the rear bracket 12. The limit block 210 is used to provide radial rotation support and position limit for the rotating rod 208 to ensure the rotational stability of the rotating rod 208.
[0026] Multiple rollers 209 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 208. The axis of the rollers 209 is perpendicular to the axis of the rotating rod 208. The outer circumferential surface of the rollers 209 is frictionally connected to the outer wall of the slide rail 202, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the screening basket 201. In the assembled state, the motor 212 drives the rotating rod 208 to rotate, and the rollers 209 rotate accordingly. They cooperate with the slide rail 202, thereby driving the entire screening basket 201 to rotate around its own axis, realizing the separation of mud from the material.
[0027] Meanwhile, multiple vertically arranged support rods 13 are fixedly connected to the top of the rear bracket 12. A support plate 14 is fixedly connected to the top of the support rods 13. A rotating column 15 is rotatably connected to the support plate 14. A conveyor belt 17 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating column 15. A connecting column 16 is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the rotating column 15. The outer wall of the connecting column 16 is connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod 208 through the belt 9. This ensures that while the rotating rod 208 drives the screening basket 201 to rotate, it can also drive the conveyor belt 17 to run synchronously through the belt 9, the connecting column 16 and the rotating column 15. This achieves unified control of the screening mechanism 2 and the secondary conveying mechanism.
[0028] Anti-drop plates 18 are fixedly connected to the outer edges of the support plate 14. The anti-drop plates 18 extend along the conveying direction of the second conveyor belt 17 and are located on both sides above the second conveyor belt 17, which can prevent materials from rolling off the sides during the conveying process of the second conveyor belt 17.
[0029] To prevent the conveyor belt 5 from deviating when conveying heavy root crops and to ensure the stability of power transmission, a limiting groove 8 is provided on the outer wall of the rotating column 4. The conveyor belt 5 is fitted into the limiting groove 8. One end of the rotating column 4 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 10. The motor 10 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frame 1 through the fixing plate 11. The motor 10 provides a continuous and stable driving torque for the conveyor belt 5.
[0030] To fully utilize the rotational motion of the screening basket 201 to lift the material to a high position and allow it to fall due to gravity, thereby improving soil separation efficiency, please refer to... Figure 2 Baffle 1 203 and baffle 2 204 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the screening basket 201. Baffle 1 203 and baffle 2 204 extend along the axial direction of the screening basket 201. Baffle 1 203 and baffle 2 204 are distributed at intervals on the inner circumference of the screening basket 201. Baffle 1 203 and baffle 2 204 can rotate with the screening basket 201 and catch the material at the bottom and carry it to the highest point.
[0031] To accurately catch materials falling from a height and smoothly guide them onto conveyor belt 217 to prevent spillage, please refer to... Figure 4 The slide plate 205 is set at an angle. The high end of the slide plate 205 extends into the interior of the screening basket 201, and the low end of the slide plate 205 extends to the outside of the screening basket 201 and is located above the conveyor belt 17. Limiting plates 206 are fixedly connected to the two sides of the top surface of the slide plate 205. The limiting plates 206 and the slide plate 205 together form a guide channel. The bottom of the slide plate 205 is fixedly connected to the rear bracket 12 by the support rod 207, thereby ensuring that the slide plate 205 remains stationary relative to the rotating screening basket 201.
[0032] To facilitate the centralized collection and subsequent handling of the screened clean crops, the collection basket 213 is designed as a box structure with an open top. The collection basket 213 is detachably placed on the platform at the bottom of the rear support 12. The opening of the collection basket 213 is directly below the end of the conveyor belt 2 17 away from the screening mechanism 2. The crops transported by the conveyor belt 2 17 fall directly into the interior of the collection basket 213 under the action of gravity.
[0033] In order to improve the rotational stability of the rotating rod 208 and share the radial load of the output shaft of the motor 212, the limiting block 210 is fixedly connected to the top of the rear bracket 12. The rotating rod 208 passes through the limiting block 210 and is rotatably connected to the limiting block 210. The limiting block 210 plays the role of radial support and limiting for the rotating rod 208.
[0034] When the equipment starts working, the second motor 10 is started. The output shaft of the second motor 10 rotates and drives the first rotating column 4 to rotate. The first rotating column 4 uses the limit groove 8 and the first conveyor belt 5 to drive the first conveyor belt 5 to move in a cycle. As the whole equipment moves forward, the blade 7 fixed at the front end of the frame 1 inserts into the soil and scoops up the soil containing root crops. The material moves along the surface of the blade 7 to the top of the first conveyor belt 5. The first conveyor belt 5 conveys the material backward and unloads it into the screening basket 201 of the screening mechanism 2. At the same time, motor 212 is started, which drives the rotating rod 208 to rotate. The rotating rod 208 drives the roller 209 to rotate. Due to the friction or meshing between the roller 209 and the slide rail 202 outside the screening basket 201, the roller 209 drives the screening basket 201 to rotate continuously around its own axis. The material entering the screening basket 201 achieves soil separation during the rotation. The baffle 203 and baffle 204 on the inner wall of the screening basket 201 carry the crop to a high place as the screening basket 201 rotates. The crop falls freely under the action of gravity. The falling crops land precisely on the stationary slide plate 205. The limiting plate 206 guides the crops to prevent them from scattering. The crops slide out of the screening basket 201 along the inclined surface of the slide plate 205 and fall onto the conveyor belt 17 below. During this process, the rotating rod 208 drives the connecting column 16 and the rotating column 15 to rotate synchronously through the belt 9. The rotating column 15 drives the conveyor belt 17 to run. The conveyor belt 17 transports the cleaned crops backward and finally unloads them into the collection basket 213. The anti-drop plate 18 prevents the crops from slipping off both sides of the conveyor belt 17 during the transport process, thus completing the integrated operation of crop digging, screening and collection.
Claims
1. A screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester, comprising: The frame (1) has a connecting frame (6) and a blade (7) fixedly connected to its front end. The outer wall of the frame (1) has a rotating groove (3). The inner wall of the rotating groove (3) is rotatably connected to a rotating column (4). The outer wall of the rotating column (4) is rotatably connected to a conveyor belt (5). The bottom of the frame (1) is fixedly connected to a rear bracket (12). Its features are, A screening mechanism (2) and a collection basket (213) are provided above the rear support (12). The screening mechanism (2) is located between the output end of the conveyor belt (5) and the collection basket (213). The screening mechanism (2) includes a cylindrical screening basket (201), the outer wall of the screening basket (201) is fixedly connected to an annular slide rail (202), the outer wall of the frame (1) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (208), the outer wall of the rotating rod (208) is fixedly connected to a roller (209), and the roller (209) is frictionally connected to the outer wall of the slide rail (202) to drive the screening basket (201) to rotate; The screening basket (201) is provided with a slide plate (205) for receiving materials and baffles 1 (203) and 2 (204) fixed to the inner wall. A support rod 1 (207) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate (205). The end of the support rod 1 (207) away from the slide plate (205) passes through the end opening of the screening basket (201) and is fixedly connected to the rear bracket (12) so that the slide plate (205) remains relatively stationary. A conveyor belt 2 (17) is also rotatably connected to the rear bracket (12). The conveyor belt 2 (17) is located directly below the discharge end of the slide plate (205).
2. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the rotating column (4) is provided with a limiting groove (8), and the conveyor belt (5) is adapted to be embedded in the limiting groove (8) to prevent deviation. One end of the rotating column (4) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (10). The motor (10) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the frame (1) through the fixing plate (11), and the motor (10) provides the driving force of the conveyor belt (5).
3. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the rear bracket (12) is fixedly connected to a motor (212) via a fixing plate (211). The output shaft of the motor (212) is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod (208). The outer wall of the rotating rod (208) is also rotatably connected to a limiting block (210). The bottom of the limiting block (210) is fixedly connected to the top of the rear bracket (12) for radial support and limiting of the rotating rod (208).
4. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the rear bracket (12) is fixedly connected to a plurality of vertically arranged support rods (13), the top of the support rods (13) is fixedly connected to a support plate (14), the support plate (14) is rotatably connected to a rotating column (15), the conveyor belt (17) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating column (15), and anti-drop plates (18) are fixedly connected to both sides of the support plate (14). The anti-drop plates (18) extend along the length of the conveyor belt (17) and are located on both sides above the conveyor belt (17).
5. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the rotating column 2 (15) is coaxially fixedly connected to a connecting column (16). The connecting column (16) and the rotating rod (208) are connected by a belt (9). The belt (9) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod (208) and the connecting column (16), so that the motor 1 (212) can simultaneously drive the screening basket (201) to rotate and the conveyor belt 2 (17) to run.
6. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first baffle (203) and the second baffle (204) are long strip-shaped plates that extend along the axial direction of the screening basket (201) and are fixed to the inner wall of the screening basket (201). The first baffle (203) and the second baffle (204) are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the screening basket (201) to lift the material at the bottom to the top of the slide plate (205) during rotation.
7. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide plate (205) is inclined, with its high end located inside the screening basket (201) and its low end extending to the outside of the screening basket (201) and above the second conveyor belt (17). Limiting plates (206) are fixedly connected to the two sides of the top surface of the slide plate (205). The limiting plates (206) are used to prevent the material from falling off the slide plate (205) during the sliding process.
8. The screening and collecting device for a root and tuber crop harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection basket (213) is a box structure with an open top. The collection basket (213) is detachably placed on the bottom platform of the rear support (12), and the opening of the collection basket (213) is located directly below the end of the conveyor belt (17) away from the screening mechanism (2), for collecting the root crops after screening.