A waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of flue gas decarburization device, and disclose a kind of waste incineration boiler flue gas decarburization device, including tower body, tower body has inlet, exhaust port and blowdown, multiple groups of vertical arrangement decarburization components are installed in tower body, and decarburization component includes the spray part and overflow part installed in the inside of tower body.The utility model waste incineration boiler flue gas decarburization device is modularized design by multiple groups of decarburization components, in combination with the characteristics of waste incineration flue gas, significantly improve carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, and solve the deficiency of traditional spray tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of flue gas decarbonization devices, specifically a flue gas decarbonization device for a waste incineration boiler. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent global carbon emission controls, the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from waste-to-energy plants, a crucial method for urban solid waste treatment, have become a major concern. Currently, the main decarbonization technologies for waste incineration flue gas include chemical absorption, physical adsorption, and membrane separation.

[0003] Traditional spray towers have short gas-liquid contact times and low carbon dioxide absorption efficiency. In addition, compared with coal-fired flue gas, waste incineration flue gas has the following characteristics: compared with the coal combustion process, waste contains more types of substances and the combustion process is unstable. The carbon dioxide concentration is low, but the flow rate fluctuates greatly. When only spray treatment is used, it is not easy to control the spray volume of the humidifying solution, which easily leads to the problem of low carbon dioxide absorption efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: This utility model relates to a decarbonization device for flue gas from a waste incineration boiler, comprising a tower body having a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, and a sewage outlet. Multiple sets of vertically arranged decarbonization components are installed inside the tower body, each including a spray section and an overflow section installed inside the tower body.

[0005] Furthermore, the tower body includes an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder that are interconnected. Both the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder are provided with inspection ports, and the spray section and the overflow section are located on the upper and lower sides of the inspection ports, respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the spray unit includes a spray head located inside the tower body, and a water supply pipe with one end extending out of the tower body is connected to the spray head.

[0007] Furthermore, the overflow section includes a cover and a disc, with the cover installed on the opening of the disc, and the disc having a downward-facing air inlet and an upward-facing air outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the disc body is provided with a plurality of second upright plates, the second upright plates having grooves, and the cover body is provided with a plurality of first upright plates, the first upright plates and the second upright plates being distributed at intervals.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper and lower cavities of the overflow section are connected through a channel formed inside the overflow section.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom cavity of the tower body is connected to the sewage pipe, while the air outlet of the air inlet is located in the bottom cavity of the tower body.

[0011] Furthermore, the air inlet includes an air outlet cap located inside the tower body, one end of an air inlet pipe connected to the air inlet extends out of the tower body, a cone is installed inside the air outlet cap, and an air outlet hole is provided on the bottom surface of the air outlet cap.

[0012] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: (1) The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device of this utility model significantly improves carbon dioxide absorption efficiency by using a modular design of multiple decarbonization components and combining the characteristics of waste incineration flue gas, and solves the shortcomings of traditional spray towers.

[0013] (2) This utility model adopts multiple spray sections arranged in series, so that the flue gas passes through multiple absorption zones in sequence, prolonging the gas-liquid contact time, avoiding the carbon dioxide escape problem caused by the short residence time of traditional single-stage spray towers, and improving the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency.

[0014] (3) The present invention forms a stepped treatment process with multiple decarbonization components. When the flue gas flow rate or carbon dioxide concentration changes abruptly, the system can absorb the fluctuations in stages to avoid a sudden drop in efficiency of a single spray tower due to load changes.

[0015] Of course, any product implementing this utility model does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow section structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the overflow section; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the overflow gas. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of the air intake section; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: In the diagram: 1. Upper cylinder; 2. Lower cylinder; 201. Sewage pipe; 3. Inspection port; 4. Spray section; 5. Overflow section; 501. Cover; 5011. First vertical plate; 502. Disc; 5021. Second vertical plate; 5022. Tank; 503. Air inlet; 504. Air outlet; 6. Air inlet section; 601. Air inlet pipe; 602. Air outlet cap; 603. Cone; 604. Air outlet hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0019] Please see Figures 1-7 As shown, this utility model is a waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device, including a vertically distributed tower body, a flue gas outlet at the top of the tower body for discharging the treated flue gas, and a closed bottom of the tower body.

[0020] The tower body has a smoke inlet, a smoke outlet and a sewage outlet. Multiple sets of vertically arranged decarbonization components are installed inside the tower body. The decarbonization components include a spray section 4 and an overflow section 5 installed inside the tower body. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device, through the modular design of multiple decarbonization components and combined with the characteristics of waste incineration flue gas, significantly improves carbon dioxide absorption efficiency and solves the shortcomings of traditional spray towers.

[0021] The flue gas to be treated enters the tower body through the flue gas inlet. The flue gas passes through multiple decarbonization components in sequence to absorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas. During the operation, the flue gas moves upward through the lower end of the tower body, while the carbon dioxide absorption solution flows downward from the upper end of the tower body. The absorption of carbon dioxide in the flue gas is completed through contact between the flue gas and the solution. The decarbonization component captures carbon in the flue gas by passing the flue gas through a carbon dioxide absorption solution, which can be any one of an alcohol amine solution, ammonia water, or an alkaline salt solution.

[0022] The tower body includes an upper cylinder 1 and a lower cylinder 2 that are connected to each other. The upper cylinder 1 and the lower cylinder 2 are distributed vertically. Both the connection ports of the upper cylinder 1 and the lower cylinder 2 are equipped with connecting flanges. The lower end of the lower cylinder 2 is closed. The two sets of connecting flanges of the upper cylinder 1 and the lower cylinder 2 are fixed by bolts. Both the upper cylinder 1 and the lower cylinder 2 are equipped with inspection ports 3. The spray section 4 and the overflow section 5 are located on the upper and lower sides of the inspection port 3, respectively. The inspection port allows for easy access to the interior of the tower, facilitating the observation of the spray section 4 and the overflow section 5, and thus enabling modifications to the spray section 4 and the overflow section 5.

[0023] The spray unit 4 includes a spray head located inside the tower body, and a water supply pipe with one end extending out of the tower body is connected to the spray head; The spray head is matched with the rated flow rate according to the process flow rate, such as 5-50 m³ / h, to avoid overload or insufficient atomization. Low pressure 0.1-0.3 MPa is suitable for large flow rates; high pressure 0.3-0.7 MPa enhances the atomization effect. Fine atomization (50-100μm) enhances gas-liquid contact but is prone to entrainment; coarse atomization (200-300μm) reduces entrainment and is suitable for high-dust gases.

[0024] The material of the spray head can be selected from PP / FRP, 316L stainless steel or carbon steel lined with plastic, depending on the application.

[0025] By arranging multiple spray sections in series, the flue gas passes through multiple absorption zones sequentially, extending the gas-liquid contact time and avoiding the carbon dioxide escape problem caused by the short residence time in traditional single-stage spray towers, thus improving carbon dioxide absorption efficiency.

[0026] The overflow section 5 includes a cover 501 and a disc 502. The cover 501 is installed on the opening of the disc 502. The disc 502 is provided with an air inlet 503 with an opening facing downward and an air outlet 504 with an opening facing upward. The venting section 5 is made of PP / FRP or 316L stainless steel; The flue gas passes through the carbon dioxide absorption solution inside the overflow section 5. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed by contacting the carbon dioxide absorption solution. Under pressure, the flue gas on the lower side of the overflow section 5 enters the interior of the overflow section 5 through the air inlet 503, and the flue gas passes through the interior of the overflow section 5 and is discharged from the air outlet 504.

[0027] The disc body 502 is provided with a number of second vertical plates 5021, and the second vertical plates 5021 are provided with grooves 5022. The cover body 501 is provided with a number of first vertical plates 5011, and the first vertical plates 5011 and the second vertical plates 5021 are distributed at intervals. The bottom surface of the tank 5022 is higher than the lower surface of the first vertical plate 5011, and the liquid level of the solution stored inside the plate 502 is limited by the bottom surface of the tank 5022. The lower surface of the first vertical plate 5011 extends into the solution. When the flue gas passes through the overflow section 5, it can only move to the other side through the interior of the solution. At the same time, the sprayed solution falls onto the overflow section 5, enters through the outlet 504 of the overflow section 5, and is discharged through the inlet 503, thereby realizing the flow of the solution through the overflow section 5.

[0028] The upper and lower cavities of the overflow section 5 are connected through a channel formed inside the overflow section 5.

[0029] The bottom cavity of the tower body is connected to the drain pipe 201, while the outlet of the air inlet 6 is located in the bottom cavity of the tower body.

[0030] The solution at the bottom of the tower is discharged through the drain pipe 201. In addition, the height of the outlet end of the air inlet 6 is higher than the height of the drain pipe 201, which effectively prevents the collected solution from flowing into the air inlet 6. The air inlet 6 includes an air outlet cap 602 located inside the tower body. One end of the air inlet pipe 601, which is connected to the air inlet 6, extends out of the tower body. A cone 603 is installed inside the air outlet cap 602, and an air outlet hole 604 is provided on the bottom surface of the air outlet cap 602. The air inlet structure is designed to ensure uniform distribution and preliminary pretreatment of gas within the spray tower. Its core components include an air inlet pipe 601, an air outlet cap 602, a cone 603, and an air outlet hole 604. Gas enters the tower from the outside through the air inlet pipe 601. The air inlet pipe is usually designed to be inserted horizontally or at an angle, and the inlet end may be equipped with a flange or sealing structure to ensure airtightness. The pipe diameter needs to be adjusted according to the gas flow rate to avoid excessive flow velocity (generally recommended to be 10-15m / s) which may lead to turbulence or excessive pressure drop. Gas enters the internal cavity of the outlet cap 602 from the end of the inlet pipe 601. The function of the outlet cap is to reduce the gas flow rate and mitigate the impact force. The structure of the cap body allows the gas to be initially dispersed, preventing direct impact on the overflow section 5 inside the tower.

[0031] In addition, the conical structure fixed inside the vent cap 602 forces the gas to change from axial flow to radial diffusion, reducing local eddies. The inclined surface of the cone guides the gas to be evenly dispersed in all directions, preparing it for subsequent passage through the vent 604.

[0032] Meanwhile, the vent 604 is located on the bottom surface of the vent cap 602. The key design parameters of the vent 604 are calculated based on the gas flow rate to determine the total opening area (which must be ≥ 1.2-1.5 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet pipe) to avoid excessive pressure drop. It is usually arranged in a ring or matrix to ensure uniform gas ejection.

[0033] The preferred embodiments of this utility model disclosed above are merely illustrative of the present utility model. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the utility model to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of this utility model, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize it. This utility model is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device, comprising a tower body, characterized in that: The tower body has a smoke inlet, a smoke outlet, and a sewage outlet; The tower body is equipped with multiple sets of vertically arranged decarbonization components, including a spray section (4) and an overflow section (5) installed inside the tower body.

2. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tower body includes an upper cylinder (1) and a lower cylinder (2) that are interconnected. Both the upper cylinder (1) and the lower cylinder (2) are provided with inspection ports (3), and the spray section (4) and the overflow section (5) are located on the upper and lower sides of the inspection port (3), respectively.

3. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray section (4) includes a spray head located inside the tower body, and a water supply pipe with one end extending out of the tower body is connected to the spray head.

4. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The venting section (5) includes a cover (501) and a disc (502), with the cover (501) installed on the opening of the disc (502). The disc body (502) is provided with an air inlet (503) opening downwards and an air outlet (504) opening upwards.

5. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The disc body (502) is provided with a plurality of second vertical plates (5021), and the second vertical plates (5021) are provided with grooves (5022); The cover (501) is provided with a plurality of first upright plates (5011); The first upright plate (5011) and the second upright plate (5021) are distributed at intervals.

6. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower cavities of the overflow section (5) are connected through a channel formed inside the overflow section (5).

7. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom cavity of the tower body is connected to the drain pipe (201), and the outlet of the air inlet (6) is located in the bottom cavity of the tower body.

8. The waste incineration boiler flue gas decarbonization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The air intake (6) includes an air outlet cap (602) located inside the tower body, and one end of an air intake pipe (601) connected to the air intake (6) extends out of the tower body; A cone (603) is installed inside the vent cap (602), and an vent hole (604) is provided on the bottom surface of the vent cap (602).

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