Hydrothermal reaction kettle and reaction heating device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of chemical experiment instrument discloses a hydrothermal reaction kettle and reaction heating device, wherein, hydrothermal reaction kettle includes the kettle body that top end forms the opening, the plugging plate that is plugged in the opening and the kettle cover that covers plugging plate, and the cavity is defined between kettle cover and plugging plate and forms. In the utility model, plugging plate is designed as when the pressure in the kettle body rises to the preset threshold, its at least partial edge can produce elastic deformation under the action of gas pressure and separate from the opening, thereby forming the pressure relief passage between the cavity and the kettle body, so that part of gas enters the cavity from the kettle body, to realize the timely release to the pressure in the kettle body. Thus, the hydrothermal reaction kettle of the utility model can automatically release part of gas when the pressure in the kettle body approaches or reaches the preset value during the reaction process, reduce the pressure in the kettle body, thereby significantly reducing the safety hazards such as burst caused by overpressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of chemical experimental instruments, specifically to a hydrothermal reaction vessel and a reaction heating device. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrothermal reactions mainly refer to the synthesis, transformation, or crystal growth processes of substances carried out in a high-temperature, high-pressure aqueous environment. During this process, water or other solvents inside the reactor vaporize upon heating. Because the hydrothermal reactor is a closed structure, the vapor cannot escape, causing the pressure inside the reactor to gradually increase, forming a high-pressure environment. Furthermore, some reaction systems are exothermic, or generate gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen (H2) during the reaction, which further contribute to the continuous rise in pressure inside the reactor.

[0003] Currently, hydrothermal reactors used for hydrothermal reactions are generally closed, high-pressure vessels, typically heated in a constant-temperature furnace. After the reaction, the reactor maintains a high pressure. If the reactor lid is forcibly opened before sufficient cooling or depressurization, it can easily be suddenly lifted off, causing a safety accident. More seriously, improper operation or inadequate system control during the experiment can lead to an abnormal increase in pressure inside the reactor, exceeding the pressure resistance limit of the reactor body, causing cracks, depressurization, or even explosion. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem that existing hydrothermal reactors cannot automatically exhaust gas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a hydrothermal reactor, including a reactor body with an opening at the top, a sealing plate sealing the opening, and a reactor cover covering the sealing plate. A cavity is formed between the reactor cover and the sealing plate. When the internal pressure of the reactor body reaches a preset value, at least part of the sealing plate can detach from the opening due to elastic deformation to form a pressure relief channel connecting the cavity and the reactor body, thereby reducing the pressure in the reactor body.

[0006] Optionally, the vessel cover includes a positioning ring, a pressure cap fixed to the top of the positioning ring, and a tightening bolt passing through the pressure cap and abutting the end of the sealing plate. The bottom inner side of the positioning ring is threadedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the top of the vessel body, and the top surface of the positioning ring protrudes outward relative to the top surface of the vessel body, so that a cavity is formed between the pressure cap and the sealing plate.

[0007] Optionally, the positioning ring has a sliding groove extending along the axial direction of the vessel body and arranged opposite to it, and the outer peripheral surface of the sealing plate has a sliding protrusion that can slide inside. The sliding groove has a through hole penetrating the wall of the positioning ring so that the gas entering the cavity can be discharged from the vessel lid.

[0008] Optionally, the end of the sliding protrusion is spaced apart from the surface of the groove so that the through hole can continuously vent air.

[0009] Optionally, the sealing plate includes a first plate abutting against the opening of the vessel body and a second plate located above the first plate. The first plate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene so that the edge of the first plate can undergo elastic deformation under the action of gas pressure inside the vessel body and detach from the opening. The tightening bolts abut against the second plate.

[0010] Optionally, the vessel body includes an outer shell with an opening at the top and an inner liner tank that is removably disposed inside the outer shell. The inner liner tank is used to hold the reactants, and an exhaust port penetrating the wall of the outer shell is provided on the bottom end face of the outer shell.

[0011] Optionally, the top surface of the inner liner protrudes outward relative to the top surface of the outer shell to form an annular flange portion that can be clamped, and the sealing plate abuts against the end of the annular flange portion.

[0012] Optionally, the edge of the sealing plate is supported on the annular top surface of the annular flange so that when the gas pressure inside the inner liner reaches a preset value, the edge of the sealing plate can be elastically deformed to form a pressure relief channel.

[0013] Another aspect of this utility model provides a reaction heating device, including a hydrothermal reactor as described above, a heating furnace for heating the hydrothermal reactor, and a robotic arm that is manipulated to hold the hydrothermal reactor into the heating furnace. The heating furnace is provided with a placement platform for placing the hydrothermal reactor.

[0014] Optionally, a limiting protrusion is provided on the placement platform, and a limiting groove is provided on the bottom end face of the hydrothermal reactor for the limiting protrusion to be inserted into, so as to restrict the rotation of the hydrothermal reactor relative to the placement platform.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, when the gas pressure inside the vessel rises to a predetermined threshold, part of the edge of the sealing plate of this utility model can undergo elastic deformation under the action of gas pressure and detach from the opening, forming a pressure relief channel connecting the cavity and the vessel body, thereby releasing the internal pressure of the vessel body, avoiding excessive load on the vessel body wall caused by continuous pressure increase, and effectively reducing the safety risks caused by overpressure. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front view of the hydrothermal reactor structure of this utility model; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a half-section structure; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the lid of the vessel according to this utility model; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the sealing plate of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the vessel structure of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the groove and through hole of this utility model.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Vessel body; 101. Outer shell; 102. Inner liner; 1021. Annular flange; 2. Sealing plate; 201. Sliding protrusion; 202. First layer plate; 203. Second layer plate; 3. Vessel lid; 301. Positioning ring; 302. Tightening bolt; 303. Sliding groove; 304. Pressure cap; 4. Cavity; 5. Through hole; 6. Limiting groove; 7. Exhaust hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0019] refer to Figure 1 The hydrothermal reactor of this invention includes: a reactor body 1 with an opening at the top, a sealing plate 2 sealing the opening, and a reactor lid 3 covering the sealing plate 2, with a cavity 4 defined between the reactor lid 3 and the sealing plate 2. In this invention, the sealing plate 2 is designed so that when the internal pressure of the reactor body 1 rises to a preset threshold, at least a portion of its edges can undergo elastic deformation under gas pressure and detach from the opening, thereby forming a pressure relief channel between the cavity 4 and the reactor body 1. This allows some gas to enter the cavity 4 from the reactor body 1, achieving timely release of pressure within the reactor body 1. Therefore, the hydrothermal reactor of this invention can automatically release some gas during the reaction process when the internal pressure of the reactor body 1 approaches or reaches a preset value, reducing the internal pressure of the reactor body 1 and preventing excessive load on the reactor body 1 wall due to continuous pressure increases, significantly reducing safety hazards such as explosion caused by overpressure. Compared with the prior art, this structure achieves safe and reliable overpressure protection without the need for additional control mechanisms, improving the safety and stability of the reaction operation.

[0020] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The vessel cover 3 includes a positioning ring 301, a pressure cap 304 fixed to the top of the positioning ring 301, and a tightening bolt 302 passing through the pressure cap 304 and abutting the end of the sealing plate 2. The bottom inner side of the positioning ring 301 is threadedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the top of the vessel body 1, and the top surface of the positioning ring 301 protrudes outwards from the top surface of the vessel body 1, allowing the pressure cap 304 and the sealing plate 2 to be spaced apart along the axial direction of the vessel body 1, thereby defining the cavity 4. Furthermore, the end of the tightening bolt 302 abuts against the center of the sealing plate 2 to apply a tightening force inwards in the axial direction of the vessel body 1, thereby enhancing the sealing stability of the sealing plate 2 and preventing it from being easily opened due to instantaneous fluctuations in the gas pressure inside the vessel body 1. Only when the internal pressure reaches a preset threshold is the edge of the sealing plate 2 allowed to undergo elastic deformation and detach from the opening, thus forming a reliable pressure relief channel.

[0021] Further, refer to Figures 2-4 The inner wall of the positioning ring 301 is provided with a sliding groove 303 extending axially along the vessel body 1 and arranged opposite to it. The outer peripheral surface of the sealing plate 2 is provided with a sliding protrusion 201 that can slide in the sliding groove 303. In addition, a through hole 5 penetrating the wall of the positioning ring 301 is provided in the sliding groove 303 so that the gas entering the cavity 4 can be discharged from the vessel lid 3.

[0022] This invention utilizes the sliding engagement of the sliding protrusion 201 and the sliding groove 303 to achieve relative positioning of the sealing plate 2 and the positioning ring 301. This ensures that after the positioning ring 301 is threaded to the end of the vessel body 1, the sealing plate 2 automatically aligns with the opening of the vessel body 1. Furthermore, the sliding groove 303 provides anti-rotation constraints on the sliding protrusion 201. As a result, after the initial contact and friction between the end of the tightening bolt 302 and the surface of the sealing plate 2, the sealing plate 2 will not rotate when the tightening bolt 302 is further tightened. This helps maintain a stable fit between the sealing plate 2 and the opening.

[0023] Furthermore, combined Figure 1 and Figure 3 A gap is reserved between the end of the sliding protrusion 201 and the surface of the groove 303 to prevent the end of the sliding protrusion 201 from directly abutting the surface of the groove 303 and blocking the through hole 5, thereby ensuring that the through hole 5 can continuously exhaust gas during the reaction. Of course, in another embodiment, the sliding protrusion 201 can also be designed to abut the surface of the groove 303 to seal the through hole 5. In this case, the gas in the vessel 1 will be temporarily stored in the cavity 4 during the reaction. After the reaction is completed, the operator can adjust the relative position between the tightening bolt 302 and the pressure cap 304 to form a space that allows the sealing plate 2 to slide in the groove 303, so that the gas in the vessel 1 can overcome the weight of the sealing plate 2 and push the sealing plate 2 to move, thereby exposing the through hole 5 and allowing the gas to be discharged smoothly.

[0024] In this invention, the sealing plate 2 may include a first plate 202 abutting against the opening of the vessel body 1 and a second plate 203 disposed above the first plate 202. The first plate 202 is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and its edges can undergo elastic deformation under the pressure inside the vessel body 1, thereby detaching from the opening when the pressure reaches a preset threshold to form a pressure relief channel. The end of the tightening bolt 302 abuts against the second plate 203 to provide clamping force to the first plate 202.

[0025] The second layer 203 preferably adopts a steel plate structure. On the one hand, it can withstand the axial force applied by the tightening bolt 302, avoiding the tightening force from acting directly on the polytetrafluoroethylene plate and causing it to crack or fail locally. On the other hand, the steel plate, as a rigid support layer, can improve the overall structural strength and stability of the sealing plate 2, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene layer mainly undertakes the functions of elastic sealing and deformation pressure relief, while the steel plate layer ensures the overall pressure resistance and service life.

[0026] In some embodiments, reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The reactor body 1 includes an outer shell 101 with an opening at the top and an inner liner 102 removably disposed inside the outer shell 101. The inner liner 102 is used to hold the reactants, serving as an additional sealing and pressure-bearing layer. This reduces the risk of reactants directly contacting the metal outer shell 101, thus improving the safety factor of the reaction system to a certain extent. Furthermore, after the experiment, the operator only needs to remove and clean the inner liner 102, or replace it with a new one. An exhaust port 7 penetrating the wall of the outer shell 101 is provided on the bottom surface of the outer shell 101. As the inner liner 102 is gradually inserted into the outer shell 101, the bottom surface of the inner liner 102 pushes the existing air or residual gas at the bottom of the outer shell 101, allowing these gases to be smoothly discharged through the exhaust port 7. This prevents the formation of a gas compression layer at the bottom of the outer shell 101, ensuring smooth insertion of the inner liner 102.

[0027] Furthermore, during the removal of the inner liner 102, the vent 7 allows air from the outer shell 101 to replenish the gap between the inner liner 102 and the outer shell 101 in a timely manner, preventing excessive removal resistance due to negative pressure within the sealed cavity. Therefore, the vent 7 not only improves the convenience and stability of inserting and removing the inner liner 102, but also reduces the risk of damage to the vessel wall or deformation due to improper operation, further enhancing the safety and durability of the hydrothermal reactor. The outer shell 101 can be made of metal to increase hardness, while the inner liner 102 can be made of corrosion-resistant materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), effectively isolating the metal outer shell 101 from corrosion by strong acids, strong alkalis, or organic solvents, thus extending the overall lifespan of the reactor.

[0028] Furthermore, the top surface of the inner liner 102 protrudes outward relative to the top surface of the outer shell 101, thereby forming an annular flange portion 1021. Operators can easily pull the inner liner 102 out of the outer shell 101 by clamping this annular flange portion 1021, significantly improving the ease of operation and safety of the inner liner 102 during loading and unloading. Simultaneously, the sealing plate 2 can directly abut against the end of the annular flange portion 1021 to ensure the accuracy and stability of the sealing position.

[0029] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 The outer diameter of the sealing plate 2 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the annular flange 1021, so that it can effectively cover and seal the top opening of the inner liner tank 102 after assembly. Under normal working conditions, the sealing plate 2, under the combined action of the tightening bolt 302 and its own elastic restoring force, fits tightly against the annular flange 1021, achieving a reliable seal on the opening of the inner liner tank 102.

[0030] When the gas pressure inside the liner tank 102 gradually increases and reaches a preset threshold, the gas pressure concentrates on the edge of the sealing plate 2, causing it to undergo elastic deformation and locally lift up. This creates a gap between the sealing plate 2 and the annular flange 1021, forming a pressure relief channel. Through this pressure relief channel, some gas can be quickly discharged into the cavity 4 between the lid 3 and the sealing plate 2, and finally discharged through the corresponding exhaust structure, thereby effectively releasing the internal pressure of the liner tank 102.

[0031] After the pressure relief is completed, as the air pressure inside the inner liner tank 102 decreases to a safe range, the external force acting on the sealing plate 2 decreases. The sealing plate 2, through its own elastic recovery ability, can automatically reset and re-attach to the top surface of the annular flange portion 1021, thereby restoring the sealing state.

[0032] Another aspect of this utility model provides a reaction heating device, including the aforementioned hydrothermal reactor, a heating furnace for heating the hydrothermal reactor, and a robotic arm for clamping the hydrothermal reactor and placing it into the heating furnace. The heating furnace is provided with a placement platform for placing the hydrothermal reactor. Further, the placement platform is provided with a limiting protrusion, and the bottom end of the hydrothermal reactor is correspondingly provided with a limiting groove 6 into which the limiting protrusion can be inserted, for limiting the rotation of the hydrothermal reactor relative to the placement platform. With the above structure, the operator can use the robotic arm to accurately insert the hydrothermal reactor onto the placement platform. During the tightening of the reactor lid 3 and the tightening bolts 302, the hydrothermal reactor can remain stable and not rotate, thereby improving assembly accuracy and operational safety, ensuring reliable fixation of the reactor during heating and operation, and improving the overall efficiency and safety performance of the reaction device.

[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe various possible combinations separately. However, these simple variations and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrothermal reactor, characterized in that, It includes a vessel body (1) with an opening at the top, a sealing plate (2) that seals the opening, and a vessel lid (3) that covers the sealing plate (2), wherein a cavity (4) is formed between the vessel lid (3) and the sealing plate (2). When the internal pressure of the vessel body (1) reaches a preset value, at least part of the edge of the sealing plate (2) can be detached from the opening due to elastic deformation to form a pressure relief channel connecting the cavity (4) and the vessel body (1), thereby reducing the pressure in the vessel body (1).

2. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vessel lid (3) includes a positioning ring (301), a pressure cap (304) fixed to the top of the positioning ring (301), and a tightening bolt (302) that passes through the pressure cap (304) and abuts against the sealing plate (2). The bottom inner side of the positioning ring (301) is threadedly connected to the outer peripheral surface of the top of the vessel body (1), and the top surface of the positioning ring (301) protrudes outward relative to the top surface of the vessel body (1) so that a cavity (4) is formed between the pressure cap (304) and the sealing plate (2).

3. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning ring (301) has a sliding groove (303) extending axially along the vessel body (1) and arranged opposite to it. The outer peripheral surface of the sealing plate (2) is provided with a sliding protrusion (201) that can slide in the sliding groove (303). The sliding groove (303) has a through hole (5) that penetrates the wall of the positioning ring (301) so that the gas entering the cavity (4) can be discharged from the vessel cover (3).

4. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the sliding protrusion (201) is spaced apart from the surface of the groove (303) so that the through hole (5) can continuously vent air.

5. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing plate (2) includes a first plate (202) abutting against the opening of the vessel body (1) and a second plate (203) located above the first plate (202). The first plate (202) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene so that the edge of the first plate (202) can undergo elastic deformation under the action of gas pressure in the vessel body (1) and detach from the opening. The tightening bolt (302) abuts against the second plate (203).

6. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vessel body (1) includes an outer shell (101) with an opening at the top and an inner liner (102) that is removably disposed inside the outer shell (101). The inner liner (102) is used to hold the reaction substance. An exhaust hole (7) is provided on the bottom surface of the outer shell (101) through the wall of the outer shell (101).

7. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top surface of the inner liner (102) protrudes outward relative to the top surface of the outer shell (101) to form an annular flange (1021) that can be clamped, and the sealing plate (2) abuts against the end of the annular flange (1021).

8. The hydrothermal reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The edge of the sealing plate (2) is supported on the annular top surface of the annular flange (1021) so that when the air pressure in the inner liner tank (102) reaches a preset value, the edge of the sealing plate (2) can be elastically deformed to form the pressure relief channel.

9. A reaction heating device, characterized in that, It includes a hydrothermal reactor as described in any one of claims 1-8, a heating furnace for heating the hydrothermal reactor, and a robotic arm that is manipulated to hold the hydrothermal reactor and place it into the heating furnace, wherein the heating furnace is provided with a placement platform for placing the hydrothermal reactor.

10. The reaction heating apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The placement platform is provided with a limiting protrusion, and the bottom end face of the hydrothermal reactor is provided with a limiting groove (6) for the limiting protrusion to be inserted, so as to restrict the rotation of the hydrothermal reactor relative to the placement platform.

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