Flow adjustable vapor-liquid distribution tray

Abstract

The utility model provides a flow adjustable vapor liquid distribution tray relates to chemical industry technical field, including two edge boards, the middle of two edge boards is equipped with three tower plates, the top surface of three tower plates all horizontal array is equipped with second valve hole, both sides of second valve hole all are equipped with mounting hole, the bottom of mounting hole all is equipped with guide rod, the outside of guide rod all is equipped with return spring, adopts gas to shoot through liquid layer and form micro air bubble through first valve hole, and with the upper part spray liquid is fully contacted and is mixed on the tower plate surface, thereby realizes even vapor liquid distribution. When gas pressure continues to rise and exceeds the elasticity of return spring, the second order float valve is lifted, and the gas is sprayed through the second valve hole, which expands the flow area to adapt to high load conditions. Through the hierarchical opening of the first order float valve and the second order float valve, the gas passage opening can be automatically adjusted according to the gas velocity and pressure changes, keeping the gas distribution balanced, and solving the problem of being unable to flexibly adjust the size of the gas passage according to the actual operation needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical technology, and in particular to an adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate. Background Technology

[0002] Vapor-liquid distribution trays are key components in gas-liquid mass transfer equipment, widely used in process units such as distillation columns, absorption columns, and extraction columns. They are used to evenly distribute rising gas and falling liquid, ensuring sufficient contact between the two phases within the column, thereby improving mass transfer efficiency and operational stability. Common types of vapor-liquid distribution trays include sieve trays, valve trays, and bubble cap trays, among which valve trays are widely used due to their strong automatic adjustment capability, high operational flexibility, and high separation efficiency. Existing valve trays typically use the force of gas flow to move the float valve up and down, achieving adaptive adjustment of the gas passage opening. When the gas velocity in the column is low, the float valve sinks to reduce the gas passage area; when the gas velocity increases, the float valve rises to expand the gas passage, thus maintaining a relatively stable pressure drop and gas-liquid distribution within a certain range. However, this "passive" adjustment method still has the following shortcomings.

[0003] Most existing tower tray structures are fixed designs, and once installed, the size of the gas passage cannot be flexibly adjusted according to actual operating needs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot flexibly adjust the size of the gas channel according to actual operating needs, and to propose an adjustable flow rate gas-liquid distribution plate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: an adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate, comprising two side plates, three trays disposed between the two side plates, a second valve hole horizontally arrayed on the top surface of each of the three trays, and mounting holes on both sides of each second valve hole, a guide rod at the bottom of each mounting hole, and a return spring on the outside of each guide rod, a second-stage float valve disposed inside each of the second valve holes, two second valve feet disposed on the bottom surface of each of the second-stage float valves, and guide holes disposed on the bottom surface of each of the two second valve feet, a first valve hole disposed on the top surface of each of the second-stage float valves, a first-stage float valve disposed inside each of the first valve holes, and two first valve feet disposed on the bottom surface of each of the first-stage float valves.

[0006] Preferably, both ends of the three trays are bolted to the side plates, and the three trays are bolted to each other.

[0007] Preferably, the two second valve feet on the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve, and the two second valve feet are integrally formed with the second-stage float valve. The second-stage float valve is installed in the second valve hole through the second valve feet.

[0008] Preferably, the two first valve feet on the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve are symmetrically positioned at both ends of the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve, and both first valve feet are integrally formed with the first-stage float valve.

[0009] Preferably, the first valve hole is located at the middle position on the top surface of the second-stage float valve, and the first-stage float valve is installed in the first valve hole through the first valve foot.

[0010] Preferably, the mounting holes on both sides of the second valve hole are mirror images of the second valve hole, and the top end of the guide rod at the bottom of the mounting hole is threadedly connected to the mounting hole.

[0011] Preferably, the positions of the guide holes on the two second valve feet of the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve correspond one-to-one with the positions of the mounting holes, and the bottom ends of the guide rods are all installed into the guide holes. The reset spring is located between the mounting hole and the guide hole, with the top end of the reset spring contacting the tower plate and the bottom end of the reset spring contacting the second valve feet.

[0012] Beneficial effects In this invention, during operation, rising gas enters the bottom of the tray and pushes open the first-stage float valve. The gas is ejected through the first valve orifice, penetrating the liquid layer to form microbubbles, which fully contact and mix with the sprayed liquid above on the tray surface, thus achieving a uniform vapor-liquid distribution. When the gas pressure continues to rise and exceeds the spring force of the return spring, the second-stage float valve is lifted, and the gas is ejected through the second valve orifice, expanding the flow area to adapt to high-load conditions. Through the staged opening of the first-stage and second-stage float valves, the gas channel opening can be automatically adjusted according to changes in gas velocity and pressure, maintaining a balanced gas distribution and solving the drawback of not being able to flexibly adjust the size of the gas channel according to actual operating needs. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is an isometric drawing of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present utility model Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 4 For the present utility model Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a partial part of the present invention.

[0014] Legend: 1. Side plate; 2. Tower plate; 3. Second valve hole; 4. Second-stage float valve; 5. First valve hole; 6. Second valve foot; 7. Guide hole; 8. Mounting hole; 9. Guide rod; 10. Return spring; 11. First-stage float valve; 12. First valve foot. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and not all of them. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in the implementation plan without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0016] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific Implementation Example 1: Reference Figure 1-5 An adjustable flow vapor-liquid distribution plate includes two side plates 1, with three trays 2 positioned between the two side plates 1. Each of the three trays 2 has a horizontally arranged array of second valve holes 3 on its top surface. Each second valve hole 3 has mounting holes 8 on both sides, and each mounting hole 8 has a guide rod 9 at its bottom. Each guide rod 9 has a return spring 10 on its exterior. Each second valve hole 3 has a second-stage float valve 4 inside, and each second-stage float valve 4 has two second valve feet 6 on its bottom surface. Each second valve foot 6 has a guide hole 7 on its bottom surface. Each second-stage float valve 4 has a first valve hole 5 on its top surface, and each first valve hole 5 has a first-stage float valve 11 inside. Each first-stage float valve 11 has two first valve feet 12 on its bottom surface. Both ends of the three trays 2 are bolted to the side plates 1, and the three trays 2 are bolted to each other. The two second valve feet 6 on the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve 4 are symmetrically positioned at both ends of the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve 4, and both second valve feet 6 are connected to the second-stage float valve 4. The float valve 4 is integrally formed. The second-stage float valve 4 is installed in the second valve hole 3 through the second valve foot 6. The two first valve feet 12 on the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve 11 are symmetrically set at both ends of the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve 11, and the two first valve feet 12 are integrally formed with the first-stage float valve 11. The first valve hole 5 is set in the middle of the top surface of the second-stage float valve 4. The first-stage float valve 11 is installed in the first valve hole 5 through the first valve foot 12. The mounting holes 8 on both sides of the second valve hole 3 are mirrored with the second valve hole 3 as the center. The top end of the guide rod 9 at the bottom of the mounting hole 8 is threaded to the mounting hole 8. The positions of the guide holes 7 on the surface of the two second valve feet 6 on the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve 4 correspond one-to-one with the positions of the mounting holes 8, and the bottom ends of the guide rods 9 are installed into the guide holes 7. The return spring 10 is set in the middle of the mounting hole 8 and the guide hole 7. The top end of the return spring 10 contacts the tower plate 2, and the bottom end of the return spring 10 contacts the second valve foot 6.

[0018] During operation, the rising gas from the lower section of the tower first enters the bottom of the tray 2 and, under certain pressure, evenly gathers along the bottom space of the tray 2. The gas then flows upward through the second valve holes 3 on the tray 2. Each second valve hole 3 is equipped with a vertically floating secondary float valve 4. The secondary float valve 4 is installed inside the second valve hole 3 via integrally formed secondary valve feet 6 at both ends of its bottom. The bottom of the secondary valve foot 6 has a guide hole 7, within which a guide rod 9 is installed. The bottom end of the guide rod 9 inserts into the guide hole 7 and acts as a guide and constraint, preventing the secondary float valve 4 from shifting or tilting during lifting and lowering. The upper end of the guide rod 9 is threaded into the mounting hole 8, thus achieving stable axial guidance and fixation. The mounting hole 8 also houses a return spring 10. The upper end of the return spring 10 contacts the tray 2, and the lower end abuts against the second valve foot 6, providing a downward elastic preload to ensure that the secondary float valve 4 is in the closed position under conditions of no airflow or low pressure. When the gas pressure at the bottom of the column increases to a certain value, the gas first enters the first valve hole 5 at the center of the top surface of the second-stage float valve 4, generating a thrust on the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve 11 located therein. The first-stage float valve 11 is installed inside the first valve hole 5 by the first valve feet 12 set at both ends of its bottom, maintaining the stability of vertical movement with a symmetrical structure. As the gas pressure rises, the first-stage float valve 11 is lifted by the airflow, and the gas is ejected from its lower gap, forming an upward airflow jet. The jet passes through the liquid film formed by the liquid supply from the spray system at the top, allowing the gas to diffuse evenly on the top surface of the tray 2. The side plates 1, under the sealing effect on both sides, confine the liquid flow within the area of ​​the tray 2, thereby forming a stable liquid layer. The thickness of the liquid layer is maintained by the spray rate and airflow disturbance. When the gas escapes through the lower gap of the first-stage float valve 11, it forms a large number of microbubbles. The microbubbles rise turbulently in the liquid layer, enhancing the gas-liquid interface renewal rate, achieving sufficient interphase mixing and preliminary mass transfer, and promoting the uniform distribution of gas across the entire cross-section of the tray 2. As the gas flow rate further increases, the gas pressure below the second-stage float valve 4 continues to rise. When the gas force exceeds the elastic force of the return spring 10, the second-stage float valve 4 is lifted upward by the airflow, and the return spring 10 is axially compressed. At this time, the second valve orifice 3 is opened. In addition to passing through the first valve orifice 5 opened by the first-stage float valve 11, the gas can also be ejected through the second valve orifice 3 opened by the second-stage float valve 4, which greatly increases the flow area and ensures that the gas can still pass smoothly without excessive pressure drop under high gas velocity conditions. The lifting and lowering amplitude of the second-stage float valve 4 is controlled by the guide rod 9 and the second valve foot 6, so that the float valve always maintains the center position coaxial with the valve orifice when moving up and down, preventing displacement from affecting the sealing effect. When the airflow weakens, the return spring 10 pushes the second-stage float valve 4 to automatically reset, thereby realizing adaptive adjustment of the opening degree of the second valve orifice 3. The elastic coefficient of the return spring 10 can be selected according to the actual working conditions.The first-stage float valve 11 and the second-stage float valve 4 form a two-stage controllable channel through a nested structure. At low loads, gas is only distributed through the first-stage valve orifice for fine distribution. At high loads, both the first-stage float valve 11 and the second-stage float valve 4 open simultaneously to form a large-flow channel. The size of the entire gas channel automatically adjusts the flow rate according to changes in gas pressure. The presence of the side plate 1 creates a relatively closed distribution environment for gas and liquid within the tray 2 area, ensuring that liquid does not overflow laterally and stabilizing the gas-liquid contact area. The three trays 2 are bolted together to form an integral frame structure, ensuring mechanical strength and facilitating modular assembly and disassembly. The connection between the trays 2 ensures the continuity of gas-liquid distribution across each tray, allowing gas to be dispersed layer by layer through multiple trays 2. Specific Implementation Example 2: Reference Figure 1-5 An adjustable flow vapor-liquid distribution disc, further based on the basic structure in Specific Embodiment 1, uses a return spring 10 made of a high corrosion-resistant stainless steel alloy. This type of material maintains high resistance to pitting corrosion and stress corrosion in acidic or chlorine-containing atmospheres, and has good elastic recovery characteristics, making it suitable for long-term cyclic loading environments. A multi-layer anti-corrosion composite coating process is applied to the surface of the return spring 10. Shot peening or shot blasting strengthens the surface residual compressive stress, inhibiting the initiation of stress corrosion cracks; subsequently, a chemical nickel-phosphorus alloy layer is deposited to form a dense protective layer to isolate moisture and chemical media; a polytetrafluoroethylene or fluorinated polymer coating is then applied to the outer layer, effectively preventing liquid adhesion and scaling corrosion.

[0020] In summary: 1. During operation, the rising gas enters the bottom of the tray 2 and pushes the first-stage float valve 11 to open. The gas is ejected through the first valve hole 5, penetrating the liquid layer to form microbubbles, which fully contact and mix with the sprayed liquid above on the surface of the tray 2, thereby achieving a uniform vapor-liquid distribution. When the gas pressure continues to rise and exceeds the elastic force of the return spring 10, the second-stage float valve 4 is lifted, and the gas is ejected through the second valve hole 3, expanding the flow area to adapt to high-load conditions. Through the staged opening of the first-stage float valve 11 and the second-stage float valve 4, the gas channel opening can be automatically adjusted according to changes in gas velocity and pressure, maintaining a balanced gas distribution and solving the shortcoming of not being able to flexibly adjust the size of the gas channel according to actual operating needs.

[0021] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0022] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate, comprising two side plates (1), characterized in that: Three tower plates (2) are provided in the middle of the two side plates (1). The top surfaces of the three tower plates (2) are all horizontally arrayed with second valve holes (3). The two sides of the second valve holes (3) are provided with mounting holes (8). The bottom of the mounting holes (8) is provided with guide rods (9). The outside of the guide rods (9) is provided with return springs (10). The inside of the second valve holes (3) is provided with second-stage float valves (4). The bottom surface of the second-stage float valves (4) is provided with two second valve feet (6). The bottom surface of the two second valve feet (6) is provided with guide holes (7). The top surface of the second-stage float valves (4) is provided with first valve holes (5). The inside of the first valve holes (5) is provided with first-stage float valves (11). The bottom surface of the first-stage float valves (11) is provided with two first valve feet (12).

2. The adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the three trays (2) are bolted to the side plate (1), and the three trays (2) are bolted to each other.

3. The adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two second valve feet (6) on the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve (4) are symmetrically set at both ends of the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve (4), and the two second valve feet (6) are integrally formed with the second-stage float valve (4). The second-stage float valve (4) is installed in the second valve hole (3) through the second valve feet (6).

4. The adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two first valve feet (12) on the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve (11) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the bottom surface of the first-stage float valve (11), and the two first valve feet (12) are integrally formed with the first-stage float valve (11).

5. The adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first valve hole (5) is located in the middle of the top surface of the second-stage float valve (4), and the first-stage float valve (11) is installed in the first valve hole (5) through the first valve foot (12).

6. The adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting holes (8) on both sides of the second valve hole (3) are mirror images of the second valve hole (3), and the top end of the guide rod (9) at the bottom of the mounting hole (8) is threadedly connected to the mounting hole (8).

7. The adjustable flow rate vapor-liquid distribution plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positions of the guide holes (7) on the two second valve feet (6) on the bottom surface of the second-stage float valve (4) correspond one-to-one with the positions of the mounting holes (8), and the bottom ends of the guide rods (9) are all installed in the guide holes (7). The reset spring (10) is located between the mounting hole (8) and the guide hole (7). The top end of the reset spring (10) contacts the tower plate (2), and the bottom end of the reset spring (10) contacts the second valve feet (6).

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