Numerically controlled machine tool spindle box structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to numerical control machine tool technical field especially relates to a kind of numerical control machine tool spindle box structure, including box, it is characterized by: multiple shaft fixing seat and the transmission shaft structure associated with shaft fixing seat are equipped in the box inside, the transmission shaft structure includes first input shaft, second input shaft, third input shaft, fourth input shaft, fifth input shaft and main shaft and is engaged in turn from left to right, the main shaft end portion one side is equipped with left end cover and right end cover respectively, the box outer wall one side is equipped with observation window subassembly, the numerical control machine tool spindle box of the utility model, by the compound transmission system of multiple input shaft and main shaft engagement, can provide various rotational speed and torque, greatly enhance the adaptability of machine tool to different processing tasks;Main shaft integrates multiple bearings and gears, forms stable support system, ensures high precision under high-speed operation;Clever detachable observation window makes maintenance intuitive efficient, improves maintainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to a CNC machine tool spindle box structure. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of modern manufacturing's development towards high precision, high efficiency, and automation, CNC machine tools, as the "mother machines" of industry, directly determine the level of manufacturing. The machine tool spindle box, as the "heart" of the CNC machine tool, is responsible for transmitting the motor's power to the cutting tool or workpiece with precise speed and powerful torque. Its transmission versatility, operational stability, and ease of maintenance are key indicators for evaluating the overall performance of a CNC machine tool. Currently, many traditional or existing spindle box structures are gradually revealing their limitations when facing increasingly complex machining tasks: some have a single transmission path, providing only a limited number of speeds, making it difficult to accommodate the needs of different materials and processes, resulting in insufficient machine tool versatility; some have a compact internal structure but are difficult to maintain, making it difficult for operators to easily observe the internal condition or perform maintenance, increasing downtime and maintenance costs; and others, under high-speed, heavy-load conditions, experience thermal deformation and vibration due to poor heat dissipation or insufficient rigidity, affecting the long-term accuracy maintenance of machining.

[0003] Chinese patent discloses a CNC machine tool spindle box structure (publication number: CN 206677632 U), including a tool release cylinder and a rotary support. The tool release cylinder is fixed to a protective shell by a cylinder seat, and its lower end is connected to a second connecting rod via a first connecting rod. The upper end of the tool release spindle is connected to a rotary motor, and the lower end is connected to a tool release mechanism. A tool is installed at the lower end of the tool release mechanism. A vertical slide is installed on the side of the protective shell, and a fixing plate is set at the lower end of the interior of the protective shell. However, this type of CNC machine tool spindle box structure generally suffers from a single transmission path and limited gears, making it difficult to flexibly cope with the processing requirements of different materials and processes, resulting in insufficient versatility. At the same time, its compact internal structure makes maintenance difficult, and operators cannot easily observe or maintain it, significantly increasing downtime and maintenance costs. In addition, under high-speed and heavy-load conditions, poor heat dissipation and insufficient rigidity can easily cause thermal deformation and vibration, further weakening the long-term machining accuracy maintenance and operational stability of the machine tool. Therefore, a CNC machine tool spindle box structure is needed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the common shortcomings of existing technologies, which make it difficult to achieve an integrated transmission solution with high flexibility and strong load capacity while ensuring high structural rigidity and ease of maintenance. Therefore, this invention proposes a CNC machine tool spindle box structure.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is as follows: The CNC machine tool spindle box structure of this utility model includes a box body, characterized in that: the box body is provided with multiple shaft fixing seats and a transmission shaft structure associated with the shaft fixing seats. The transmission shaft structure includes a first input shaft, a second input shaft, a third input shaft, a fourth input shaft, a fifth input shaft and a main shaft arranged sequentially from left to right and meshing with each other. The outer wall of the main shaft is provided with multiple cylindrical gears and cylindrical roller bearings associated with the cylindrical gears. A spline cylindrical gear is provided on one side of the cylindrical roller bearing, a helical cylindrical gear is provided on one side of the spline cylindrical gear, a thrust ball bearing is provided on one side of the helical cylindrical gear, a left end cover and a right end cover are respectively provided on one side of the end of the main shaft, and an observation window assembly is provided on one side of the outer wall of the box body. Achieving Multifunctional Power Output: A complex transmission network is constructed through the step-by-step meshing of multiple input shafts with the spindle, enabling the machine tool to flexibly achieve various combinations of speeds and torques. This allows it to handle diverse machining tasks, from roughing to finishing, and from light to heavy loads, greatly enhancing the machine tool's versatility and machining adaptability. Ensuring High Precision and Stability: The spindle integrates multiple specialized bearings and gears. This composite design effectively resists forces and vibrations generated in various directions during machining, ensuring the spindle's rotational accuracy and smooth movement at high speeds, thus contributing to the production of high-quality products. The surface provides a foundation for quantity; optimized axial force management: specially designed thrust ball bearings provide a clear support point for the main bearing to withstand the axial force from the cutting process, preventing the spindle from affecting accuracy and lifespan due to axial movement, and improving the rigidity and reliability of the machine tool; improved maintainability and condition monitoring capabilities: by setting observation windows on the housing, operators can intuitively monitor the working status of internal key components (such as oil level and gear meshing status) without disassembling any parts, which makes daily inspection, fault prediction and lubrication maintenance simple and quick, reduces downtime and improves the maintainability of the equipment.

[0006] Preferably, a left gear sleeve is installed on one side of the first input shaft, a front sleeve is provided on one side of the left gear sleeve, a large pulley is installed on the front sleeve, a right gear sleeve is provided on the other side of the left gear sleeve, a force-applying ring is provided on one side of the right gear sleeve, an ingot-shaped lever is provided inside the force-applying ring, the ingot-shaped lever is associated with the first input shaft, multiple sets of external friction plates are provided between the inner walls of the left and right gear sleeves and the first input shaft and are correspondingly arranged, multiple retaining rings are provided on one side of each external friction plate, and multiple sets of deep groove ball bearings are provided inside the front sleeve and the right gear sleeve. The unique ingot-shaped lever controls the clutch, transforming complex mechanical movements into an ergonomic and intuitive operation. This allows operators to easily and clearly control the machine tool's start, stop, and gear shifting, improving human-machine interaction and operational safety. The friction clutch, composed of multiple sets of external friction plates and retaining rings, provides smooth buffering during power engagement, preventing impacts and gear grinding that could occur with direct gear meshing. This protects the precision gears of the transmission system and extends their service life. The use of deep groove ball bearings to support the front of the input shaft effectively reduces rotational friction and operating noise in the power input process, making the entire power connection process smoother and quieter, thus enhancing the overall quality of equipment operation.

[0007] Preferably, the second, third, and fourth input shafts each have multiple cylindrical gears on their outer walls, and a tapered roller bearing is provided on one side of each cylindrical gear. An end cap is provided at the connection between the second and third input shafts. This constructs a robust intermediate transmission link: using tapered roller bearings on these intermediate shafts effectively bears both radial and axial loads during operation, ensuring stable force transmission during multi-stage transmission, preventing shaft misalignment, and maintaining the geometric accuracy of the entire transmission chain. With the assistance of the end caps, the assembly process of the relevant shafts becomes more standardized and referenced, improving production efficiency and assembly accuracy. Simultaneously, the end caps also serve a sealing and dustproof function, enhancing the integrity and reliability of the internal transmission structure.

[0008] Preferably, the observation window assembly includes a detachable observation window cover. The detachable observation window cover has multiple locking blocks at its bottom, and each locking block has a corresponding slot at its bottom. The slot is associated with the outer wall of the housing. Detachable bolts are provided at both ends of the top of the detachable observation window cover. This dual fixing method of bottom latches and top bolts creates a safe and easy-to-operate maintenance access. Operators can quickly unlock the locking blocks and unscrew the bolts to open the observation window for inspection, and can easily reset and lock it afterward, greatly improving the efficiency of daily inspections and maintenance.

[0009] Preferably, the heat dissipation substrate has multiple heat dissipation holes arranged in an array on one side of the outer wall of the housing. The heat dissipation holes are square and regularly arranged in a predetermined direction. Through the array-type, regularly arranged heat dissipation hole design, the flow of external cold air through the high-temperature area of ​​the housing can be guided and accelerated, forming an orderly airflow path. This efficiently dissipates the heat generated by the internal transmission components to the external environment, effectively preventing the machine tool from experiencing a decrease in accuracy or damage to components due to overheating.

[0010] Preferably, the housing is made of gray cast iron HT250 with an anodized surface. This lays the foundation for robustness and quiet operation: gray cast iron HT250 material itself has excellent shock absorption characteristics and high rigidity, which can effectively absorb and suppress vibrations generated during machine tool operation, reducing operating noise at the source.

[0011] The advantages of this utility model are: This invention relates to a CNC machine tool spindle box structure that constructs a composite transmission system consisting of multi-stage input shafts meshing with the spindle. The core function of this architecture is to transform a single power source into a rich variety of speed and torque output combinations, enabling the machine tool to handle a wide range of scenarios, from light-load, high-speed precision machining to heavy-load, low-speed, high-force cutting, greatly enhancing its adaptability and versatility for different machining tasks. Furthermore, the spindle itself is meticulously configured as an integrated unit incorporating cylindrical roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, cylindrical gears, splined cylindrical gears, and helical cylindrical gears. This composite design is not simply a collection of parts, but rather forms a stable support system capable of collaboratively resisting cutting forces and vibrations from all directions. It ensures that the spindle's rotation center remains highly stable during high-speed operation, laying a solid foundation for continuously producing high-precision machined surfaces. Meanwhile, the design places great emphasis on human-machine interaction and long-term equipment health. A cleverly designed, detachable observation window on the housing allows operators to see the internal operating status without disassembling the equipment. This makes routine maintenance tasks such as oil level checks and gear engagement monitoring intuitive and efficient, significantly reducing unplanned downtime and improving maintainability. Furthermore, a specially designed array-type heat dissipation plate actively guides cooling airflow, effectively dissipating internal heat and preventing thermal deformation and oil deterioration caused by temperature rises, ensuring the machine tool's performance stability during long-term continuous operation. The robust housing, made of gray cast iron HT250 with anodized finish, acts as a solid base with both shock absorption and corrosion resistance, suppressing vibration and noise at the source and giving the entire structure excellent durability against harsh industrial environments. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of this utility model.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission shaft structure of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this utility model.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Observation window assembly; 3. Shaft fixing seat; 4. Removable bolt; 5. Removable observation window cover; 6. Locking block; 7. Locking slot; 8. First input shaft; 9. Second input shaft; 10. Third input shaft; 11. Fourth input shaft; 12. Fifth input shaft; 13. Main shaft; 14. Ingot-shaped lever; 15. Force ring; 16. Large pulley; 17. Heat dissipation hole; 18. Heat dissipation base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model. Example

[0019] Please see Figure 1-4As shown, a CNC machine tool spindle box structure includes a housing 1. The housing 1 is characterized by having multiple shaft fixing seats 3 and a transmission shaft structure associated with the shaft fixing seats 3 inside. The transmission shaft structure includes a first input shaft 8, a second input shaft 9, a third input shaft 10, a fourth input shaft 11, a fifth input shaft 12, and a main spindle 13 arranged sequentially from left to right and meshing with each other. The outer wall of the main spindle 13 is provided with multiple cylindrical gears and cylindrical roller bearings associated with the cylindrical gears. A splined cylindrical gear is provided on one side of each cylindrical roller bearing, a helical cylindrical gear is provided on one side of each splined cylindrical gear, and a thrust ball bearing is provided on one side of each helical cylindrical gear. A left end cover and a right end cover are respectively provided on one side of the end of the main spindle 13. An observation window assembly 2 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the housing 1. Achieving Multifunctional Power Output: A complex transmission network is constructed through the step-by-step meshing of multiple input axes with the spindle 13, enabling the machine tool to flexibly achieve various combinations of speeds and torques. This allows it to handle diverse machining tasks, from roughing to finishing, and from light to heavy loads, greatly enhancing the machine tool's versatility and machining adaptability. Ensuring High Precision and Stability: The spindle 13 integrates multiple specialized bearings and gears. This composite design effectively resists forces and vibrations generated in various directions during machining, ensuring the spindle 13's rotational accuracy and smooth movement at high speeds, thus contributing to the production of high-quality products. The surface provides a foundation for quantity; optimized axial force management: the specially designed thrust ball bearing provides a clear support point for the spindle 13 to bear the axial force from the cutting process, preventing the spindle 13 from affecting accuracy and life due to axial movement, and improving the rigidity and reliability of the machine tool; improved maintainability and condition monitoring capabilities: by setting an observation window on the housing 1, the operator can intuitively monitor the working status of internal key components (such as oil level and gear meshing status) without disassembling any parts, which makes daily inspection, fault prediction and lubrication maintenance simple and quick, reduces downtime and improves the maintainability of the equipment.

[0020] In this embodiment, a left gear sleeve is installed on one side of the first input shaft 8, and a front sleeve is provided on one side of the left gear sleeve. A large pulley 16 is installed on the front sleeve. A right gear sleeve is provided on the other side of the left gear sleeve, and a force-applying ring 15 is provided on one side of the right gear sleeve. An ingot-shaped lever 14 is provided inside the force-applying ring 15. The ingot-shaped lever 14 is associated with the first input shaft 8. Multiple sets of external friction plates are provided between the inner walls of the left and right gear sleeves and the first input shaft 8 and are correspondingly arranged. Multiple retaining rings are provided on one side of each external friction plate. Multiple sets of deep groove ball bearings are provided inside the front sleeve and the right gear sleeve. The clutch is operated via a unique ingot-shaped lever 14, transforming complex mechanical movements into an intuitive, ergonomic operation. This allows operators to easily and clearly control the machine tool's start, stop, and gear shifting, improving human-machine interface and operational safety. The friction clutch, composed of multiple sets of external friction plates and retaining rings, provides smooth buffering during power engagement, preventing impacts and gear grinding that could occur with direct gear meshing. This protects the precision gears of the transmission system and extends their service life. The use of deep groove ball bearings to support the front of the input shaft effectively reduces rotational friction and operating noise in the power input process, resulting in a smoother and quieter power connection and enhancing the overall quality of equipment operation.

[0021] In this embodiment, multiple cylindrical gears are provided on the outer walls of the second input shaft 9, the third input shaft 10, and the fourth input shaft 11. A tapered roller bearing is provided on one side of each cylindrical gear, and an end cap is provided at the connection between the second input shaft 9 and the third input shaft 10. This constructs a robust intermediate transmission link: using tapered roller bearings on these intermediate shafts effectively bears both radial and axial loads during operation, ensuring stable force transmission during multi-stage transmission, preventing shaft misalignment, and maintaining the geometric accuracy of the entire transmission chain. With the assistance of the end caps, the assembly process of the relevant shafts becomes more standardized and referenced, improving production efficiency and assembly accuracy. Simultaneously, the end caps also serve a sealing and dustproof function, enhancing the integrity and reliability of the internal transmission structure.

[0022] In this embodiment, the observation window assembly 2 includes a detachable observation window cover 5. The bottom of the detachable observation window cover 5 is provided with multiple locking blocks 6, and the bottom of each locking block 6 has a corresponding locking groove 7. The locking groove 7 is associated with the outer wall of the housing 1. Both ends of the top of the detachable observation window cover 5 are provided with detachable bolts 4. This dual fixing method of bottom latches and top bolts creates a safe and easy-to-operate maintenance passage. Operators can quickly unlock the locking blocks 6 and unscrew the bolts to open the observation window for inspection, and can easily reset and lock it after completion, greatly improving the efficiency of daily inspections and maintenance.

[0023] In this embodiment, a heat dissipation substrate 18 with an array of heat dissipation holes 17 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the housing 1. The heat dissipation holes 17 are square and regularly arranged in a predetermined direction. Through the array-type, regularly arranged heat dissipation hole 17 design, the external cold air can be guided and accelerated to flow through the high-temperature area of ​​the housing 1, forming an orderly airflow path, thereby efficiently dissipating the heat generated by the internal transmission components to the external environment, effectively preventing the machine tool from experiencing a decrease in accuracy or damage to components due to overheating.

[0024] In this embodiment, the housing 1 is made of gray cast iron HT250 with an anodized surface. This lays the foundation for a robust and quiet operation: gray cast iron HT250 material itself has excellent shock absorption characteristics and high rigidity, which can effectively absorb and suppress the vibration generated during machine tool operation, reducing operating noise at the source.

[0025] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows: When the system starts, power from the external drive motor is transmitted to the large pulley 16 on the first input shaft 8, which is axially positioned by the front sleeve. Power is switched on and off by a mechanical control system based on a treasury-shaped lever 14. The operator drives this lever, which, via a linkage mechanism, pushes the force-applying ring 15, causing it to radially compress the wet or dry friction clutch assembly, consisting of a left gear sleeve, a right gear sleeve, and multiple sets of external friction plates, thereby engaging and disengaging the power. This power input module is supported by deep groove ball bearings within the front sleeve and right gear sleeve, ensuring low friction and high coaxiality under high-speed rotation.

[0026] Power is fed into the main drive train via the first-stage clutch. This drive train consists of a first input shaft 8, a second input shaft 9, a third input shaft 10, a fourth input shaft 11, a fifth input shaft 12, and a main shaft 13 connected in series, forming a multi-branch fixed-axis gear train. Power is transmitted and speed-changed between the shafts through precision-meshing cylindrical gear pairs. The second input shaft 9, the third input shaft 10, and the fourth input shaft 11 are all supported by tapered roller bearings to simultaneously bear combined radial and axial loads. Mounting end caps are installed at the joint between the second input shaft 9 and the third input shaft 10 to ensure assembly accuracy and sealing. Through a hydraulically or electromagnetically driven sliding gear mechanism, different gear meshing pairs can be selected to transmit power via an optimized path to the fifth input shaft 12, which in turn drives the main shaft 13.

[0027] The spindle 13, as the end effector, adopts an integrated design: its journal bears the main radial load with a high-rigidity cylindrical roller bearing, while a thrust ball bearing specifically handles the axial thrust generated during cutting, thus establishing a rigid rotational reference. The integrated cylindrical gear, splined cylindrical gear with axial displacement capability, and helical cylindrical gear for noise and vibration reduction on the spindle 13 together constitute a multi-functional power output interface. The spindle 13 assembly is fully enclosed and protected by left and right end covers. The reliability of the entire system is maintained by multiple safeguard mechanisms: the enclosure 1 is made of gray cast iron HT250 and anodized to provide excellent damping characteristics, static stiffness and corrosion resistance; the heat dissipation holes 17 arranged in an array on the heat dissipation base plate 18 constitute a passive cooling system to dissipate the heat generated by the internal heat source; the observation window assembly 2 is fixed by the engagement of the clip 6 and the slot 7 and the detachable bolt 4 on the top, providing maintenance personnel with a visual monitoring method without disassembling the enclosure 1, thus forming a complete solution integrating power transmission, precision support, functional integration and environmental adaptability.

[0028] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model.

Claims

1. A spindle box structure for a CNC machine tool, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The housing (1) is provided with multiple shaft fixing seats (3) and a transmission shaft structure associated with the shaft fixing seats (3). The transmission shaft structure includes a first input shaft (8), a second input shaft (9), a third input shaft (10), a fourth input shaft (11), a fifth input shaft (12) and a main shaft (13) arranged from left to right and meshing with each other. The outer wall of the main shaft (13) is provided with multiple cylindrical gears and cylindrical roller bearings associated with the cylindrical gears. A spline cylindrical gear is provided on one side of the cylindrical roller bearing, a helical cylindrical gear is provided on one side of the spline cylindrical gear, and a thrust ball bearing is provided on one side of the helical cylindrical gear. A left end cover and a right end cover are respectively provided on one side of the end of the main shaft (13). An observation window assembly (2) is provided on one side of the outer wall of the housing (1).

2. The CNC machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A left gear sleeve is installed on one side of the first input shaft (8). A front sleeve is provided on one side of the left gear sleeve. A large pulley (16) is installed on the front sleeve. A right gear sleeve is provided on the other side of the left gear sleeve. A force ring (15) is provided on one side of the right gear sleeve. A treasury-shaped lever (14) is provided inside the force ring (15). The treasury-shaped lever (14) is associated with the first input shaft (8). Multiple sets of external friction plates are provided between the inner walls of the left and right gear sleeves and the first input shaft (8) and are correspondingly arranged. Multiple retaining rings are provided on one side of each external friction plate. Multiple sets of deep groove ball bearings are provided inside the front sleeve and the right gear sleeve.

3. The CNC machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second input shaft (9), the third input shaft (10) and the fourth input shaft (11) are provided with multiple cylindrical gears on their outer walls. A tapered roller bearing is provided on one side of each of the cylindrical gears. An installation end cover is provided at the connection between the second input shaft (9) and the third input shaft (10).

4. The CNC machine tool spindle box structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The observation window assembly (2) includes a detachable observation window cover (5), the bottom of which is provided with multiple locking blocks (6), the bottom of which is provided with a locking groove (7) that cooperates with the locking block (6), the locking groove (7) is associated with the outer wall of the box (1), and both ends of the top of the detachable observation window cover (5) are provided with detachable bolts (4).

5. The spindle box structure of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the housing (1) has a heat dissipation substrate (18) with multiple heat dissipation holes (17) arranged in an array on one side. The heat dissipation holes (17) are square regular shapes and are arranged in an orderly manner along a preset direction.

6. The spindle box structure of a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (1) is made of gray cast iron HT250 and has an anodized surface.

Images