Five-axis drilling linkage machining device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of five-axis drilling linkage processing device, including machine body, machine head, drill bit, swing piece, rotating table and water injection mechanism;Machine head is set on the machine body, and machine head is equipped with the three-axis adjustment assembly that can drive itself to move along X axis, Y axis, Z axis direction;Swing piece one end is rotatably connected with machine head, and the other end is fixedly connected with drill bit;Rotating table is set on the machine body directly below drill bit, and rotating table can drive workpiece placed on its table to rotate around preset axis;Three-axis adjustment assembly drives machine head to move, swing piece drives drill bit to swing and rotating table drives workpiece to rotate, forming five-axis linkage structure;Water injection mechanism includes water storage unit, water delivery pipeline and water outlet port, one end of water delivery pipeline is communicated with water storage unit, and the other end extends to drill bit center and forms water outlet port, and water outlet port can inject water flow to drilling area.The utility model realizes accurate machining, cooperates water injection mechanism to realize efficient chip removal and enhance drill bit stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical processing equipment technology, specifically to a five-axis drilling linkage processing device. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, with the increasing complexity of workpiece structures and the higher precision requirements, traditional three-axis drilling equipment can no longer meet the machining needs. Traditional three-axis equipment can only achieve movement in three orthogonal directions: X, Y, and Z. For scenarios requiring drilling at multiple angles or machining of complex curved surfaces, multiple clamping and adjustments are often required. This is not only cumbersome to operate, but also prone to causing a decrease in machining accuracy due to clamping errors, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision machining. Meanwhile, a large amount of metal chips are generated during the drilling process. If the chips cannot be removed in time, they are prone to adhering to the drill bit and the workpiece surface, which will not only affect the drilling accuracy, but may also lead to accelerated wear of the drill bit and shorten its service life. In addition, the drill bit is prone to shaking due to vibration during high-speed drilling, which further affects the machining accuracy. Existing equipment lacks effective chip removal and anti-shaking solutions, which restricts the improvement of machining efficiency and machining quality. Based on the shortcomings of the existing technology, there is an urgent need to design a drilling processing device that can achieve multi-axis linkage precision machining, while also having efficient chip removal and anti-drill bit wobbling functions, in order to solve the problems of low machining accuracy, cumbersome operation and poor chip removal effect of the existing equipment. Summary of the Invention The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing three-axis drilling equipment, such as low machining accuracy, inability to meet the machining requirements of complex workpieces, poor chip removal effect, and easy drill bit wobbling. This invention provides a five-axis drilling linkage machining device, which achieves precise machining through a five-axis linkage structure, and achieves efficient chip removal and enhances drill bit stability with a water injection mechanism, thereby effectively improving machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] To achieve the above technical solution, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a five-axis drilling linkage processing device, including a machine body, a machine head, a drill bit, a swing component, a rotating table, and a water injection mechanism; The drill head is mounted on the body and is equipped with a three-axis adjustment assembly that can drive itself to move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, so as to adjust the position of the drill bit in three orthogonal directions in a spatial rectangular coordinate system. One end of the swinging component is rotatably connected to the machine head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the drill bit. The swinging component can drive the drill bit to swing around its own rotation axis to adjust the drilling angle of the drill bit. The rotating table is located on the machine body directly below the drill bit. The rotating table can drive the workpiece placed on its table to rotate around a preset axis, so as to cooperate with the drill bit to realize drilling processing at different positions of the workpiece. The three-axis adjustment assembly drives the machine head to move, the swinging component drives the drill bit to swing, and the rotating table drives the workpiece to rotate, forming a five-axis linkage structure. The five-axis linkage structure enables precise drilling of the workpiece to meet the processing requirements of high-precision and complex structure workpieces. The water injection mechanism includes a water storage unit, a water supply pipeline, and a water outlet port. One end of the water supply pipeline is connected to the water storage unit, and the other end extends to the center of the drill bit to form the water outlet port. The water outlet port can inject water into the drilling area. The water flow is used to discharge the debris generated during the drilling process and to enhance the structural strength of the drill bit to prevent the drill bit from shaking during drilling.

[0004] Furthermore, the swing component includes a swing base that is detachably mounted on the machine head; a reducer is provided through the swing base; one end of the reducer is driven by a swing servo motor, and the other end is fixedly mounted with a swing arm; a mounting part is provided on one side of the swing arm that retracts outward.

[0005] Furthermore, the drill bit adopts a spindle with water outlet at the spindle center.

[0006] Furthermore, a spiral waste discharge mechanism is horizontally provided on the machine body.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) This utility model forms a five-axis linkage structure by means of a three-axis adjustment component, a swing component and a rotating table, which can realize the precise position and angle adjustment of the drill bit in space. With the rotation of the workpiece, it can meet the multi-angle and multi-position drilling needs of high-precision and complex structure workpieces. The processing accuracy can reach ±0.005mm. Compared with traditional three-axis equipment, the processing accuracy and processing range are significantly improved. 2) The water injection mechanism of this utility model injects water through the center of the drill bit, and the water flow can directly act on the drilling area. This not only removes the debris in time, preventing the debris from affecting the processing accuracy and the life of the drill bit, but also enhances the structural stability of the drill bit, prevents the drill bit from shaking during drilling, and cools the drill bit, thus extending its service life. 3) The swing component of this utility model adopts a detachable connection structure, and the positioning between each component is accurate, which is convenient for disassembly and maintenance. At the same time, the setting of the harmonic reducer ensures the control accuracy of the drill bit swing angle; the setting of the spiral waste discharge mechanism can further collect debris, keep the processing environment clean, and improve processing efficiency. 4) The overall structure of this utility model is reasonably designed, with each component working together and a high degree of automation. It can realize the rapid clamping, precise processing and efficient waste removal of workpieces, effectively reduce the labor intensity of operators, improve processing efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention and are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments, and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementations and the advantages of the present invention. Components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a partial enlarged view of a five-axis drilling and machining center. Figure 2 This is a 3D view of a five-axis drilling and machining device. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0011] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] Please see the appendix Figures 1 to 2 As shown: A five-axis drilling linkage processing device includes a machine body 1, a machine head 2, a drill bit 3, a swinging component 4, a rotating table 5, and a water injection mechanism 6. Based on the above embodiments, the body 1 is the overall support structure of the device, which is integrally cast from high-strength cast iron. Its top surface is precision milled to ensure that the flatness error of the mounting surface does not exceed 0.02mm, providing a stable mounting foundation for components such as the machine head 2 and the rotating table 5. The body 1 has a cavity structure inside to accommodate auxiliary components such as the electrical control system and the hydraulic drive system. The side of the body 1 is provided with heat dissipation louvers to ensure the heat dissipation requirements of the internal components during operation. Based on the above embodiment, the machine head 2 is connected to a three-axis adjustment assembly. The machine head 2 has a cuboid structure, and its bottom is connected to the top surface of the machine body 1 through a sliding guide rail assembly. The machine head 2 is equipped with a three-axis adjustment assembly that can drive itself to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions. The three-axis adjustment assembly includes an X-axis drive unit, a Y-axis drive unit, and a Z-axis drive unit. Each drive unit adopts a transmission method of servo motor and ball screw. The specific structure is as follows: X-axis drive unit: includes an X-axis servo motor and an X-axis ball screw. The X-axis guide rail is fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the machine body 1 along the length of the machine body 1. The bottom of the machine head 2 is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail via a slider. The X-axis ball screw is arranged parallel between the two X-axis guide rails. One end of the ball screw is connected to the output shaft of the X-axis servo motor via a coupling, and the other end is rotatably connected to the machine body 1 via a bearing seat. The nut on the X-axis ball screw is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine head 2. When the X-axis servo motor is started, it can drive the machine head 2 to reciprocate along the X-axis direction with a movement accuracy of ±0.005mm. Y-axis drive unit: includes Y-axis servo motor, Y-axis ball screw and Y-axis guide rail. Y-axis guide rail is fixedly installed on the mounting platform of machine head 2 along the width direction of machine body 1. The moving parts of machine head 2 are slidably connected to Y-axis guide rail through slider. Y-axis ball screw is arranged parallel to one side of Y-axis guide rail. One end of it is connected to the output shaft of Y-axis servo motor, and the other end is rotatably supported by bearing seat. The nut of Y-axis ball screw is fixedly connected to the moving parts of machine head 2. When driven by Y-axis servo motor, it can drive the moving parts of machine head 2 to move along Y-axis direction. The movement accuracy can also reach ±0.005mm. The Z-axis drive unit includes a Z-axis servo motor, a Z-axis ball screw, and a Z-axis guide rail. The Z-axis guide rail is vertically fixed on the column of the machine head 2. The spindle mounting seat of the machine head 2 is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail via a slider. The Z-axis ball screw is vertically positioned on one side of the Z-axis guide rail, with one end connected to the output shaft of the Z-axis servo motor and the other end rotatably supported by a bearing seat. The nut of the Z-axis ball screw is fixedly connected to the spindle mounting seat. When driven by the Z-axis servo motor, it can move the spindle mounting seat and the drill bit 3 up and down along the Z-axis, thereby adjusting the drilling depth with a movement accuracy of ±0.003mm. Through the coordinated operation of the above three-axis adjustment components, precise position adjustment of the drill bit 3 in the three orthogonal directions (X, Y, and Z) within a Cartesian coordinate system can be achieved, laying the foundation for subsequent multi-axis linkage machining. Based on the above embodiments, the swing component 4 is used to drive the drill bit 3 to achieve angle adjustment. One end of it is rotatably connected to the spindle mounting seat of the head 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the drill bit 3. The specific structure includes a swing base 41 detachably mounted on the spindle mounting seat of the head 2, a reducer 42 passing through the swing base 41, a swing servo motor 43 driving the reducer 42, and a swing arm 44 fixedly connected to the output end of the reducer 42. Among them, the swing base 41 is made of 45 steel and is detachably connected to the spindle mounting seat of the head 2 by eight symmetrical hexagonal bolts. The bolt connection position is provided with a positioning pin hole. The positioning pin realizes the precise positioning of the swing base 41 and the spindle mounting seat. The positioning error does not exceed 0.002mm, which facilitates the subsequent disassembly and maintenance of the swing component 4. Reducer 42: A harmonic reducer is used. Its input end is connected to the output shaft of the swing servo motor 43 via a key, and its output end is fixedly connected to the swing arm 44 via a flange. The reduction ratio of the harmonic reducer is set to 1:50, which can convert the high speed of the swing servo motor 43 into the low speed and high torque output of the swing arm 44, ensuring the stability and angle control accuracy when the swing arm 44 drives the drill bit 3 to swing. The swing angle control accuracy can reach ±0.001°. Swing servo motor 43: An absolute value servo motor is used. It is fixedly installed on one side of the swing base 41 by a motor bracket. The encoder resolution of the motor is 17 bits, which can provide real-time feedback of the motor's rotation angle. Together with the control system, it can realize precise closed-loop control of the swing angle of the swing arm 44 and avoid angle deviation. The swing arm 44 is integrally formed from aluminum alloy. One side of it tapers outward to form a mounting part 411. The central axis of the mounting part 411 coincides with the central axis of the drill bit 3. The mounting part 411 has an internal threaded hole. The tail of the drill bit 3 is threaded to the internal threaded hole of the mounting part 411 through an external thread. High-strength thread sealant is applied to the threaded connection to prevent the drill bit 3 from loosening due to vibration during drilling and to facilitate the replacement of the drill bit 3. When the swing servo motor 43 is started, its output torque is reduced and amplified by the reducer 42 and then transmitted to the swing arm 44, causing the swing arm 44 and the drill bit 3 to swing around the output axis of the reducer 42, i.e., the rotation axis of the swing component 4 itself. The swing angle range is -90° to 90°. The drilling angle of the drill bit 3 can be adjusted according to the processing requirements to meet the drilling processing requirements of different angles. Based on the above embodiment, the rotary table 5 is disposed on the top surface of the machine body 1 directly below the drill bit 3, and is used to place the workpiece to be processed and drive the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize drilling processing at different positions of the workpiece in conjunction with the drill bit 3; the rotary table 5 includes a table body, a rotation drive unit and a workpiece fixture, and the specific structure is as follows: The platform is made of a metal material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, which can effectively avoid the influence of temperature changes on the flatness of the rotating table. The flatness error of the upper surface of the platform does not exceed 0.005mm, providing a flat foundation for the workpiece. Rotation drive unit: includes a rotation servo motor, a worm gear reducer, and a rotating shaft. The rotation servo motor is fixedly installed inside the machine body 1 via a motor bracket, and its output shaft is connected to the input end of the worm gear reducer via a coupling. The output end of the worm gear reducer is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, which extends vertically upward, and its top is fixedly connected to the bottom center of the platform. The reduction ratio of the worm gear reducer is set to 1:100, which can realize the low-speed stable rotation of the platform. The rotation servo motor is an absolute value servo motor with a 17-bit encoder resolution. The rotation angle control accuracy of the platform can reach ±0.001°, and it can realize 360° continuous rotation or fixed-point rotation. The upper surface of the platform has multiple T-slots, which are evenly distributed radially along the platform. The workpiece fixture is connected to the T-slots by T-bolts, and the position of the fixture can be adjusted according to the size and shape of the workpiece. The workpiece fixture adopts a pneumatic clamping structure, including a clamping block, a cylinder, and a guide rod. The cylinder is fixedly mounted on the platform, and its piston rod is connected to the clamping block. The guide rod is arranged parallel to both sides of the cylinder, with one end fixedly connected to the clamping block and the other end slidingly engaged with the guide sleeve on the platform to ensure the stability of the clamping block when clamping the workpiece. By pneumatically controlling the cylinder's action, the workpiece can be quickly clamped and released, improving clamping efficiency. The clamping force can be adjusted by a pneumatic pressure regulating valve, ranging from 0-10MPa, to meet the clamping requirements of workpieces of different materials. Based on the above embodiments, the water injection mechanism 6 is used to inject water into the drilling area to achieve the functions of chip removal and enhancing the strength of the drill bit 3. It includes a water storage unit, a water supply pipeline, and a water outlet. The specific structure is as follows: Water storage unit: includes a water tank, a water pump, and a filter. The water tank is fixedly installed on one side of the machine body 1 and has a volume of 50L. The top of the water tank is equipped with a water inlet and a level gauge. The level gauge is used to monitor the water level in the water tank in real time. When the water level is lower than the preset value, water can be added in time through the water inlet. The water pump is a high-pressure centrifugal pump, which is fixedly installed inside the water tank. The rated pressure of the water pump is 5MPa and the rated flow rate is 10L / min, which can provide high-pressure water flow. The filter is set at the water inlet of the water pump and uses a stainless steel filter screen with a filtration accuracy of 10μm. It can filter impurities in the water and prevent impurities from clogging the water supply pipeline and the water outlet. Water supply pipeline: including main water pipe, branch water pipe and connectors. One end of the main water pipe is connected to the outlet of the water pump, and the other end extends to the machine head 2. It uses a high-pressure rubber hose with an inner diameter of 10mm and a pressure resistance rating of 10MPa. One end of the branch water pipe is connected to the main water pipe through a tee connector, and the other end extends along the inside of the swing arm 44 to the center of the drill bit 3. The branch water pipe is made of stainless steel with an outer diameter of 8mm and an inner diameter of 5mm. Its surface is treated with anti-rust to ensure that it will not easily rust during long-term use. The water supply pipeline is also equipped with a solenoid valve and a pressure gauge. The solenoid valve is used to control the flow of water, and the pressure gauge is used to monitor the water pressure in the water supply pipeline, so that the operator can adjust the water pressure according to the processing requirements. Water outlet port: Located at the central axis of drill bit 3, drill bit 3 adopts a central water outlet spindle, which has a water passage hole running through the axis inside. The diameter of the water passage hole is 3mm. The water outlet port is connected to the end of the branch water pipe through a sealing joint. The sealing joint uses an O-ring seal to prevent water leakage. The outlet end of the water outlet port is flush with the cutting edge of drill bit 3. When the water flows out from the water outlet port, it can directly act on the drilling area. On the one hand, it can promptly flush out the debris generated during the drilling process. On the other hand, the water flow can surround the cutting edge of drill bit 3, enhance the structural stability of drill bit 3, and prevent drill bit 3 from shaking during high-speed drilling. At the same time, the water flow can also cool drill bit 3, reduce the working temperature of drill bit 3, and extend the service life of drill bit 3. Based on the above embodiment, a spiral waste discharge mechanism is horizontally provided on the machine body 1 to further discharge debris that falls onto the surface of the machine body 1 during the drilling process. The spiral waste discharge mechanism includes a spiral conveyor, a drive motor, and a waste collection box, and its specific structure is as follows: Screw conveyor: Includes a conveying trough, helical blades, and a conveying shaft. The conveying trough is located on both sides of the top surface of the machine body 1 along its length. The trough has a U-shaped cross-section with the opening facing upwards. The bottom of the trough is lined with a wear-resistant plate to prevent wear from debris. The helical blades are fixedly mounted on the conveying shaft. The two ends of the conveying shaft are rotatably connected to the two ends of the conveying trough via bearing seats. The outer diameter of the helical blades is 1mm away from the inner diameter of the conveying trough to ensure that the debris in the conveying trough can be fully pushed out when the helical blades rotate. A discharge port is provided at one end of the conveying trough for discharging debris. Drive motor: A geared motor is used and is fixedly mounted at one end of the conveying trough. Its output shaft is connected to the conveying shaft via a coupling. The rated speed of the geared motor is 100r / min, which can drive the helical blades to rotate slowly, avoiding debris splashing due to excessive speed. Waste collection bin: Located below the discharge port of the conveyor trough, it is made of plastic and has a volume of 20L. The top of the collection bin has an opening that aligns with the discharge port of the conveyor trough to facilitate the collection of debris discharged from the discharge port. The bottom of the collection bin is equipped with casters, which makes it easy for operators to move the collection bin to a designated location to dump waste. At the same time, there is an observation window on the side of the collection bin to observe the accumulation of waste inside the bin and clean it in a timely manner. The working process of this utility model is as follows: The five-axis linkage structure of this utility model is composed of a three-axis adjustment assembly driving the machine head 2 to move, a swing component 4 driving the drill bit 3 to swing, and a rotating table 5 driving the workpiece to rotate. The specific working process is as follows: The operator fixes the workpiece to be processed on the table of the rotating table 5 using a workpiece clamp, and inputs parameters such as drilling position, angle, and depth into the control system according to the processing requirements; the control system drives the X-axis and Y-axis servo motors to move, and drives the machine head 2 to move along the X-axis and Y-axis directions through the three-axis adjustment assembly, adjusting the drill bit 3 to be directly above the position to be drilled on the workpiece; the control system drives the swing servo motor 43 to move, and drives the swing arm 44 and the drill bit 3 to swing through the reducer 42, adjusting the drill bit 3 to the preset drilling angle; the control system drives the rotation servo motor of the rotating table 5 to move, and drives the table and workpiece to rotate through the worm gear reducer, adjusting the workpiece to be drilled. The workpiece is positioned to be drilled at an angle corresponding to the drill bit 3. The water pump of the water injection mechanism 6 is started, and water flows through the water supply pipeline and sprays out from the water outlet at the center of the drill bit 3. At the same time, the drill bit 3 is started to rotate at high speed, driving the Z-axis servo motor to move the drill bit 3 downward along the Z-axis to drill the workpiece. During the drilling process, if it is necessary to drill at different positions of the workpiece at multiple angles, the control system can control the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis servo motors, the swing servo motor 43, and the rotation servo motor of the turntable 5 to coordinate their actions in real time, realizing five-axis linkage and ensuring that the drill bit 3 always processes the workpiece with a precise position and angle. Part of the debris generated during drilling is flushed out by the water flow of the water injection mechanism 6, and the other part falls into the conveying trough at the top of the machine body 1. The drive motor of the spiral waste discharge mechanism is started, and the spiral blades rotate to push the debris to the discharge port, where it falls into the waste collection box, completing the collection of debris.

[0013] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art should be able to make equivalent embodiments by making some changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A five-axis drilling linkage machining device, characterized in that, It includes the machine body (1), the machine head (2), the drill bit (3), the swinging component (4), the rotating platform (5), and the water injection mechanism (6); The drill head (2) is mounted on the body (1), and the drill head (2) is equipped with a three-axis adjustment assembly that can drive itself to move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions, so as to adjust the position of the drill bit in three orthogonal directions in the spatial rectangular coordinate system. One end of the swinging component (4) is rotatably connected to the head (2), and the other end is fixedly connected to the drill bit (3). The swinging component (4) can drive the drill bit (3) to swing around its own rotation axis to adjust the drilling angle of the drill bit. The rotating table (5) is set on the machine body (1) directly below the drill bit (3). The rotating table (5) can drive the workpiece placed on its table to rotate around a preset axis in order to cooperate with the drill bit (3) to realize drilling processing at different positions of the workpiece. The three-axis adjustment assembly drives the machine head (2) to move, the swinging component (4) drives the drill bit (3) to swing, and the rotating table (5) drives the workpiece to rotate to form a five-axis linkage structure. The five-axis linkage structure enables precise drilling of the workpiece to meet the processing requirements of high-precision and complex structure workpieces. The water injection mechanism (6) includes a water storage unit, a water supply pipeline and a water outlet port. One end of the water supply pipeline is connected to the water storage unit, and the other end extends to the center of the drill bit (3) and forms the water outlet port. The water outlet port can inject water into the drilling area. The water flow is used to discharge the debris generated during the drilling process and to enhance the structural strength of the drill bit to prevent the drill bit from shaking during drilling.

2. The five-axis drilling linkage machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The swing component (4) includes a swing base (41) that can be detachably mounted on the head (2); a reducer (42) is provided through the swing base (41); one end of the reducer (42) is driven by a swing servo motor (43), and the other end is fixedly mounted with a swing arm (44); a mounting part (411) is provided on one side of the swing arm (44) that extends outward.

3. The five-axis drilling linkage machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit (3) adopts a spindle with water outlet at the spindle center.

4. The five-axis drilling linkage machining device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The machine body (1) is horizontally equipped with a spiral waste discharge mechanism.

Images