A tool changing structure of numerical control machine tool with automatic reset function
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522063193.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-25
AI Technical Summary
当弹簧出现疲劳或导向轴出现卡顿情况时，将导致刀爪主体无法完成打开或复位动作，将造成刀爪、主轴等损坏，亟需改善
[0008]本实用新型的有益效果为：本实用新型提供一种具有自动复位功能的数控机床换刀结构，在需要对主轴进行换刀操作时，通过Z轴向模组驱动主轴箱向下运动，主轴上的刀具将随着主轴同步向下运动，当第一导向斜面、弧形接触面分别抵接在第一接触轴承、第二接触轴承上时，第一接触轴承、第二接触轴承受力并导致刀爪主体打开，接触块将沿着活动通槽内侧缩进并压缩第二弹簧，导向轴将沿着活动孔移动并压缩第一弹簧，直至刀爪的两个扣刀臂松开刀具，通过Z轴向模组驱动主轴箱向上运动，第一接触轴承、第二接触轴承分别沿着第一导向斜面、弧形接触面滚动，接触块将在第二弹簧的弹力作用下复位并对第二接触轴承施力，导向轴将在第一弹簧的弹力作用下复位，从而实现刀爪主体的复位，可以提高刀爪的打开、复位流畅性，避免刀爪出现卡死的情况，确保刀爪能够顺利完成复位动作。
Smart Images
Figure CN224880027U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and more particularly to a CNC machine tool tool changing structure with automatic reset function. Background Technology
[0002] CNC machine tools are mainly used for cutting and machining internal and external cylindrical surfaces, internal and external conical surfaces with arbitrary cone angles, complex rotating internal and external curved surfaces, and cylindrical and conical threads of shaft or disc parts. They can also perform grooving, drilling, reaming, boring, and other machining operations. To achieve rapid tool changing in CNC machine tools, a tool magazine is installed. The tool to be changed is moved from the tool magazine to below the spindle, and by driving the spindle head to move downwards, the tool holder can be inserted into the spindle mounting port, thus realizing the tool change operation. Currently, in this type of CNC machine tool, the spindle head is driven downwards via the Z-axis module during tool changing. The guide ramp on the spindle head contacts the contact bearing on the tool chuck, thereby compressing the guide shaft spring to rotate the tool chuck body. When the spring fatigues or the guide shaft jams, the tool chuck body cannot complete the opening or resetting action, causing damage to the tool chuck, spindle, etc., which urgently needs improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a CNC machine tool tool changing structure with automatic reset function to ensure that the tool pawl can complete the reset action smoothly.
[0004] To solve the above technical problems, this utility model provides a CNC machine tool tool changing structure with automatic reset function, comprising a tool magazine mechanism and a spindle mechanism. The tool magazine mechanism includes a tool magazine and tool claws evenly distributed on the tool magazine. Each tool claw includes a tool claw seat fixedly connected to the tool magazine, a tool claw body, a first spring, a guide shaft, and two tool-holding arms movably disposed on the tool claw body. The tool claw body is hinged to one side of the tool claw seat. One end of the tool claw seat has a movable hole, and the guide shaft is movably disposed in the movable hole. One end of the guide shaft has a first spring groove, and the first spring is disposed in the first spring groove and abuts against one end of the first spring groove and one end of the movable hole. The other end of the guide shaft is hinged to the outer surface of the tool claw body with a connecting rod. The inner side of the claw body is rotatably connected to a first contact bearing and a second contact bearing; the spindle mechanism includes a spindle box and a spindle, the spindle box is provided with a spindle hole for mounting the spindle, the spindle is movably disposed in the spindle hole, a guide plate is provided on one side of the spindle box, a first guide slope is provided at the bottom end of the guide plate, an elastic reset assembly is provided on one side of the spindle box, the elastic reset assembly includes a limiting plate and a contact block fixedly connected to the side wall of the spindle box, a movable through groove is provided on the limiting plate, the contact block is movably disposed on the movable through groove, a second spring groove is provided on one end face of the contact block, a second spring is provided in the second spring groove and abuts against one end of the second spring groove and the side wall of the spindle box, and an arc-shaped contact surface is provided on the other end face of the contact block.
[0005] Preferably, one end of the contact block is provided with a sliding part that matches the movable through groove, and one end of the movable through groove is provided with a limiting part along its inner edge.
[0006] Preferably, the blade arm includes a blade arm and a blade bearing rotatably connected to one end of the blade arm. Both sides of the blade claw body are provided with swing grooves that match the blade arm. The blade arm is hinged to the swing grooves. The other end of the blade arm is provided with a limit post. A spring hole is connected between the two swing grooves. A third spring is provided in the spring hole and sleeved between the limit posts of the two blade arms.
[0007] Preferably, the tool magazine mechanism further includes a geared motor connected to the tool magazine drive.
[0008] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model provides a CNC machine tool tool changing structure with automatic reset function. When a tool changing operation is required on the spindle, the spindle box is driven downward by the Z-axis module. The tool on the spindle will move downward synchronously with the spindle. When the first guide slope and the arc-shaped contact surface abut against the first contact bearing and the second contact bearing respectively, the first contact bearing and the second contact bearing are subjected to force, causing the tool pawl body to open. The contact block will retract along the inner side of the movable through slot and compress the second spring. The guide shaft will move along the movable hole and compress the first spring until the two tool-holding arms of the tool pawl release the tool. The spindle box is driven upward by the Z-axis module. The first contact bearing and the second contact bearing roll along the first guide slope and the arc-shaped contact surface respectively. The contact block will reset under the elastic force of the second spring and apply force to the second contact bearing. The guide shaft will reset under the elastic force of the first spring, thereby realizing the reset of the tool pawl body. This can improve the smoothness of the opening and resetting of the tool pawl, avoid the tool pawl getting stuck, and ensure that the tool pawl can complete the reset action smoothly. Attached Figure Description
[0009] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the external structure of this utility model is provided.
[0010] Figure 2 A top view of the present invention is shown.
[0011] Figure 3 This utility model is illustrated. Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at BB′.
[0012] Figure 4 This utility model is illustrated. Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at CC′.
[0013] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the blade claw of this utility model is shown.
[0014] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the blade claw of this utility model is shown.
[0015] Figure 7 This utility model is illustrated. Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of part A in the middle.
[0016] Figure 8 This utility model is illustrated. Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in section D.
[0017] Reference numerals in the attached diagrams are as follows: Tool magazine mechanism 1, Tool magazine 10, Tool claw 11, Tool claw seat 12, Movable hole 120, Tool claw body 13, First contact bearing 130, Second contact bearing 131, Swinging movable groove 132, Spring hole 133, First spring 14, Guide shaft 15, First spring groove 150, Tool holding arm 16, Tool arm 160, Limiting post 160a, Tool holding bearing 161, Third spring 162, Connecting rod 17, Gear motor 18, Spindle mechanism 2, Spindle box 20, Spindle hole 200, Guide plate 201, First guide inclined surface 201a, Spindle 21, Elastic reset assembly 22, Limiting plate 220, Movable through groove 220a, Limiting part 220b, Contact block 221, Second spring groove 221a, Second spring 222, Arc-shaped contact surface 221b, Sliding part 221c. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure.
[0019] Based on the embodiments described in this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.
[0020] refer to Figure 1-8 .
[0021] This utility model provides a CNC machine tool tool changing structure with automatic reset function, including a tool magazine mechanism 1 and a spindle mechanism 2. The tool magazine mechanism 1 includes a tool magazine 10 and tool claws 11 evenly distributed on the tool magazine 10. Each tool claw 11 includes a tool claw seat 12 fixedly connected to the tool magazine 10, a tool claw body 13, a first spring 14, a guide shaft 15, and two tool-holding arms 16 movably disposed on the tool claw body 13. The tool claw body 13 is hinged to one side of the tool claw seat 12. One end of the tool claw seat 12 is provided with a movable hole 120. The guide shaft 15 is movably disposed in the movable hole 120. One end of the guide shaft 15 is provided with a first spring groove 150. The first spring 14 is disposed in the first spring groove 150 and abuts between one end of the first spring groove 150 and one end of the movable hole 120. The other end of the guide shaft 15 is hinged to the outer side of the tool claw body 13 with a connecting rod 17. A first contact bearing 1 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the tool claw body 13. 30. Second contact bearing 131; The spindle mechanism 2 includes a spindle box 20 and a spindle 21. The spindle box 20 is provided with a spindle hole 200 for mounting the spindle 21. The spindle 21 is movably disposed in the spindle hole 200. A guide plate 201 is provided on one side of the spindle box 20. A first guide slope 201a is provided at the bottom end of the guide plate 201. An elastic reset assembly 22 is provided on one side of the spindle box 20. The elastic reset assembly 22 includes components fixedly connected to the spindle box 20. The limiting plate 220 and the contact block 221 are located on the side wall of the spindle box 20. The limiting plate 220 is provided with a movable through groove 220a. The contact block 221 is movably disposed on the movable through groove 220a. One end face of the contact block 221 is provided with a second spring groove 221a. A second spring 222 is provided in the second spring groove 221a and abuts against one end of the second spring groove 221a and the side wall of the spindle box 20. The other end face of the contact block 221 is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface 221b.
[0022] Its working principle is as follows: when a tool change operation is required on the spindle 21, the spindle box 20 is driven downward by the Z-axis module. The tool on the spindle 21 will move downward synchronously with the spindle 21. When the first guide inclined surface 201a and the arc-shaped contact surface 221b abut against the first contact bearing 130 and the second contact bearing 131 respectively, the first contact bearing 130 and the second contact bearing 131 are subjected to force, causing the tool claw body 13 to open. The contact block 221 will retract along the inner side of the movable through groove 220a and compress the second spring 222. The guide shaft 15 will move along the movable hole 120 and compress the first spring 14. When the two retaining arms 16 of the cutter claw 11 release the cutter, the spindle box 20 is driven upward by the Z-axis module. The first contact bearing 130 and the second contact bearing 131 roll along the first guide inclined surface 201a and the arc-shaped contact surface 221b, respectively. The contact block 221 will be reset under the elastic force of the second spring 222 and apply force to the second contact bearing 131. The guide shaft 15 will be reset under the elastic force of the first spring 14, thereby realizing the reset of the cutter claw body 13. This can improve the smoothness of the opening and resetting of the cutter claw 11, avoid the cutter claw 11 from getting stuck, and ensure that the cutter claw 11 can complete the reset action smoothly.
[0023] Based on the above embodiments, one end of the contact block 221 is provided with a sliding part 221c that matches the movable through groove 220a, and a limiting part 220b is provided on the inner edge of one end of the movable through groove 220a to limit the contact block 221 from falling out of the movable through groove 220a.
[0024] Based on the above embodiments, the blade arm 16 includes a blade arm 160 and a blade bearing 161 rotatably connected to one end of the blade arm 160. Both sides of the blade claw body 13 are provided with swing grooves 132 that match the blade arm 160. The blade arm 160 is hinged to the swing grooves 132. The other end of the blade arm 160 is provided with a limiting post 160a. A spring hole 133 is connected between the two swing grooves 132. A third spring 162 is provided in the spring hole 133 and sleeved between the limiting posts 160a of the two blade arms 16. When the tool is engaged between the retaining bearings 161 of the two retaining arms 16, the tool arm 160 will move along the swing groove 132. The two tool arms 160 will open and compress the third spring 162. After the tool's retaining groove enters between the retaining bearings 161 of the two tool arms 160, the two tool arms 160 will reset under the elastic force of the third spring 162, and the two retaining bearings 161 will be engaged in the tool's retaining groove.
[0025] Based on the above embodiments, the tool magazine mechanism 1 also includes a geared motor 18 that is driven and connected to the tool magazine 10. When the geared motor 18 is working, it can drive the tool magazine 10 to rotate, realizing the replacement of different tools, which has the advantages of simple structure and high working stability.
[0026] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present utility model by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A CNC machine tool tool changer with automatic reset function, comprising a tool magazine mechanism and a spindle mechanism, characterized in that, The tool magazine mechanism includes a tool magazine and tool claws evenly distributed on the tool magazine. Each tool claw includes a tool claw seat fixedly connected to the tool magazine, a tool claw body, a first spring, a guide shaft, and two tool-holding arms movably mounted on the tool claw body. The tool claw body is hinged to one side of the tool claw seat. One end of the tool claw seat has a movable hole, and the guide shaft is movably disposed in the movable hole. One end of the guide shaft has a first spring groove, and the first spring is disposed in the first spring groove and abuts against one end of the first spring groove and one end of the movable hole. The other end of the guide shaft is hinged to a connecting rod between it and the outer surface of the tool claw body. A first contact bearing and a second contact bearing are rotatably connected to the inner surface of the tool claw body. The spindle mechanism includes a spindle box and a spindle. The spindle box has a spindle hole for mounting the spindle, and the spindle is movably disposed in the spindle hole. A guide plate is provided on one side of the spindle box, and a first guide slope is provided at the bottom end of the guide plate. An elastic reset assembly is provided on one side of the spindle box. The elastic reset assembly includes a limiting plate and a contact block fixedly connected to the side wall of the spindle box. A movable through groove is provided on the limiting plate, and the contact block is movably disposed on the movable through groove. A second spring groove is provided on one end face of the contact block, and a second spring is provided in the second spring groove, abutting between one end of the second spring groove and the side wall of the spindle box. An arc-shaped contact surface is provided on the other end face of the contact block.
2. The CNC machine tool tool changer with automatic reset function according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the contact block is provided with a sliding part that matches the movable through groove, and a limiting part is provided on the inner edge of one end of the movable through groove.
3. The CNC machine tool tool changer with automatic reset function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blade arm includes a blade arm and a blade bearing rotatably connected to one end of the blade arm. Both sides of the blade claw body are provided with swing grooves that match the blade arm. The blade arm is hinged to the swing grooves. The other end of the blade arm is provided with a limit post. A spring hole is connected between the two swing grooves. A third spring is provided in the spring hole and sleeved between the limit posts of the two blade arms.
4. The CNC machine tool tool changer with automatic reset function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tool magazine mechanism also includes a geared motor connected to the tool magazine drive.