High water content cohesive material hopper gravity self-resetting choke switch

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high water content adhesive material hopper gravity self-resetting plugging switches, belong to the technical field of belt conveyor protection switch.The side part of discharging hopper is horizontally provided with sleeve, rotating shaft is arranged in sleeve, trigger probe plate is fixedly inserted into hopper at shaft end, the lever on rotating shaft is matched with travel switch through sleeve strip hole, rotating shaft end is provided with limit rod for axial limit, and matched electrical element constitutes interlock control system.The utility model cancels spring structure, relies on trigger probe plate self-weight gravity self-resetting;Pure mechanical transmission dust resistance, moisture resistance, vibration resistance, probe plate deflection 15°~20° can be triggered accurately, can detect plugging in advance, realize interlock shutdown and audible and visual alarm, adapt to water content 30% high adhesive material working condition, structure is simple, failure rate is low, maintenance amount is small, protection is reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of belt conveyor protection switch technology, and in particular to a gravity self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high moisture content adhesive materials. Background Technology

[0002] Belt conveyors with hoppers are key equipment for transferring bulk materials and are widely used in industries such as cement, coal, building materials, metallurgy, and chemicals. For cohesive materials such as powders and clay mixtures with a moisture content of about 30%, which are characterized by high humidity, high viscosity, easy adhesion, easy arching, and easy accumulation and blockage, blockage failures are very likely to occur at the transfer position of the hopper.

[0003] If material blockage is not detected and stopped in time, it will cause material spillage, belt misalignment, tearing, and equipment overload damage. It also requires a large amount of manpower for manual clearing, severely impacting continuous production. Currently, commonly used material blockage detection devices on-site are mainly rotary paddle level switches, capacitive level switches, and traditional lever-type blockage switches, which have the following obvious drawbacks: 1. Rotary paddle switches are installed too high, requiring materials to accumulate to a considerable height before they can activate. Often, the material has already overflowed onto the belt surface before the protection is triggered, resulting in a significant delay and protection failure. Highly viscous and moist materials easily adhere to the blades, and dust can easily enter the transmission parts, causing malfunctions, frequent accidental shutdowns, and poor stability.

[0004] 2. Capacitive induction switches are greatly affected by the moisture content of materials, dust concentration, and material adhesion to the wall, resulting in severe parameter drift, difficulty in calibration, and inability to work stably for a long time under high moisture and high viscosity conditions.

[0005] 3. Traditional rocker arm mechanical blocking switches generally use spring reset and counterweight structure. In the high vibration environment on site, the spring is prone to fatigue, loosening and failure; the shaft is exposed without protection, and dust and sticky material enter the rotation gap, which is very easy to jam; the whole machine has low dust protection level, high maintenance frequency and short service life, and cannot adapt to the harsh working conditions of cement building materials with high dust, high vibration and high adhesion.

[0006] Existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as trigger lag, false alarms, material jamming, spring failure, poor dustproof performance, and the need for manual reset. There is no dedicated material jamming switch specifically designed for high-viscosity materials with a moisture content of 30%. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a mechanical material jamming switch with a minimalist structure, no springs, gravity self-resetting, anti-jamming and dustproof shaft, controllable trigger angle, and adaptability to high-viscosity and moisture-containing materials. This switch should enable real-time detection, alarm, and interlocking shutdown of material jams, automatic reset after clearing the blockage, and reduce downtime and maintenance workload due to malfunctions. Utility Model Content

[0007] The main purpose of this utility model is to provide a gravity self-resetting blockage switch for hoppers of high-moisture-content adhesive materials, which overcomes the defects of existing blockage switches such as delayed triggering, easy false alarms, easy spring failure, easy shaft jamming, and the need for manual reset, and achieves the effects of simplified structure, stable operation, accurate detection, reliable interlocking, and no need for manual reset.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a gravity self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high-moisture-content adhesive materials, comprising an upper conveyor belt, a lower hopper, and a lower conveyor belt arranged sequentially according to the material conveying direction; a sleeve is horizontally fixed on the upper side of the lower hopper; a rotating shaft is movably inserted through the sleeve; a trigger probe perpendicular to the rotating shaft is fixed at one end of the rotating shaft located at the lower hopper, and the lower end of the trigger probe is inserted into the lower hopper; a limit switch is fixed below the end of the sleeve away from the lower hopper by a fixing bracket; a strip-shaped hole arranged circumferentially is opened at the bottom of the sleeve above the contact end of the limit switch; a lever is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the bottom end of the lever passes through the strip-shaped hole and contacts the contact end of the limit switch.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating shaft and the trigger probe are fixedly connected by a connecting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a limiting rod is fixed at the other end of the rotating shaft and is perpendicular to it. The length of the limiting rod is greater than the outer diameter of the sleeve.

[0011] Furthermore, the lever and the trigger probe are arranged parallel to each other.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an AC contactor, an intermediate relay, and an alarm device. The coil of the AC contactor, the normally closed contact of the intermediate relay, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence. The normally open contact of the intermediate relay, the alarm device, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence. The coil of the intermediate relay, the limit switch, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence. The normally open contact of the AC contactor is connected between the power supply and the motor of the upper conveyor belt. A main switch is connected between the normally open contact of the AC contactor and the power supply.

[0013] Furthermore, the alarm device is an alarm light and / or a buzzer.

[0014] This utility model discloses a gravity-based self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high-moisture-content adhesive materials. Through a combination of a gravity-based self-resetting mechanical structure, a sleeve-shaft transmission mechanism, and electrical interlocking alarm logic, it has the following outstanding advantages: 1. Gravity-driven self-resetting mechanism with no spring components, resulting in stable operation and low maintenance. This device eliminates the spring and counterweight repositioning mechanism of traditional blockage switches. The trigger plate is installed vertically to the rotating shaft and inserted into the hopper at the bottom. The center of gravity is located directly below the axis of the rotating shaft. It automatically resets after deflection entirely by the weight of the trigger plate itself, eliminating the risk of spring fatigue, loosening, and failure. The overall structure is simple with no unnecessary vulnerable parts. It is suitable for harsh working conditions with high adhesion, high dust, and high vibration at a moisture content of 30%. No manual reset is required after clearing the blockage. It is reliable in long-term operation and significantly reduces the frequency of daily inspection and maintenance.

[0015] 2. The sleeve shaft is axially limited, ensuring smooth transmission and reducing the risk of false alarms or jamming. The system employs an interlocking structure where a sleeve encloses the rotating shaft, providing full-circumferential dust protection. A narrow slot at the bottom allows the lever to extend for transmission, significantly reducing the chance of high-dust and highly adhesive materials entering the rotation gap. This fundamentally solves the problem of material accumulation and jamming in traditional exposed shaft switches. The slotted hole in the sleeve enables flexible lever transmission, eliminating the need for precision-fitted transmission pairs like cams and rollers, resulting in a simple and vibration-resistant structure. The limiting rod and connecting rod at the sleeve end provide axial positioning, preventing shaft misalignment and ensuring precise alignment between the lever and the limit switch. The purely mechanical sensing is unaffected by dust, material humidity, adhesive residue, or vibration, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional switches such as easy material accumulation and jamming, parameter drift in capacitive and rotary paddle switches, and high false alarm rates. It offers accurate detection and strong operational stability.

[0016] 3. Precise angle triggering and electrical interlock protection prevent delayed material blockage protection. The trigger probe is positioned low inside the hopper, and a 15°–20° deflection reliably triggers the limit switch. This allows for early detection during the initial accumulation and arching stages of material, avoiding the problems of delayed triggering and material overflow on the conveyor belt associated with traditional switches. The control circuit consists of an AC contactor and an intermediate relay. The normally closed contact of the intermediate relay is connected in series with the AC contactor coil. When material blockage occurs, the power supply to the upper conveyor belt motor is automatically cut off to achieve interlocked shutdown. At the same time, an audible and visual alarm is triggered, effectively preventing material overflow and overload damage to the belt and equipment, resulting in a high level of safety protection. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure assembly of this utility model; Figure 2This is the wiring diagram for the electrical control principle of this utility model, where L1, L2, and L3 are the three-phase AC power input phase lines; N is the power neutral line; U, V, and W are the three-phase winding terminals of the three-phase asynchronous motor M; M represents the three-phase drive motor of the upper conveyor belt. All the above symbols comply with the national standard GB / T 6988 for electrical drawing. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the normal vertical standby state of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the probe plate deflection triggered by the material blockage of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the step-by-step reset state of the trigger plate during the unblocking process of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the fully reset state of the trigger probe after the blockage is cleared.

[0019] Upper conveyor belt 1, lower hopper 2, lower conveyor belt 3, sleeve 4, strip hole 41, rotating shaft 5, trigger probe 6, limit switch 7, lever 8, connecting rod 9, limit rod 10, AC contactor KM, intermediate relay KA, alarm device HL, main switch QF. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 The principles and features of this utility model are described, making the technical means, creative features, and achieved objectives of this utility model easy to understand, and further elaborating on this utility model.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a gravity-driven self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper containing high-moisture adhesive materials includes an upper conveyor belt 1, a lower hopper 2, a lower conveyor belt 3, an AC contactor KM, an intermediate relay KA, and an alarm device HL arranged sequentially in the material conveying direction. A sleeve 4 is horizontally fixed on the upper side of the lower hopper 2, and a rotating shaft 5 is movably inserted through the sleeve 4. A trigger probe 6 perpendicular to the rotating shaft 5 is fixed at one end of the rotating shaft 5 located in the lower hopper 2, and the lower end of the trigger probe 6 is inserted into the lower hopper 2. A limit switch 7 is fixed below the end of the sleeve 4 away from the lower hopper 2 by a fixing bracket. A strip hole 41 arranged circumferentially is opened at the bottom of the sleeve 4 above the contact end of the limit switch 7. A lever 8 is fixed on the rotating shaft 5, and the bottom end of the lever 8 passes through the strip hole 41 and contacts the contact end of the limit switch 7.

[0024] The rotating shaft 5 and the trigger probe 6 are fixedly connected by a connecting rod 9. A limiting rod 10 is fixed at the other end of the rotating shaft 5 and is perpendicular to it. The length of the limiting rod 10 is greater than the outer diameter of the sleeve 4. The lever 8 and the trigger probe 6 are parallel to each other.

[0025] The coil of AC contactor KM, the normally closed contact of intermediate relay KA, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence; the normally open contact of intermediate relay KA, the alarm device HL, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence; the coil of intermediate relay KA, the limit switch 7, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence; the normally open contact of AC contactor KM is connected between the power supply and the motor of the upper conveyor belt 1; a main switch QF is connected between the normally open contact of AC contactor KM and the power supply, and the alarm device HL is an alarm light.

[0026] Work process: This device is installed in conjunction with a material conveying system. Along the material conveying direction, an upper conveyor belt 1, a discharge hopper 2, and a lower conveyor belt 3 are arranged sequentially. It is also equipped with an AC contactor KM, an intermediate relay KA, and an alarm device HL. A sleeve 4 is horizontally fixed to the side above the discharge hopper 2. A rotating shaft 5 is movably inserted through the sleeve 4. A trigger probe 6 is vertically fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 5 that extends into the discharge hopper 2. The lower end of the trigger probe 6 hangs into the interior of the discharge hopper 2. The rotating shaft 5 and the trigger probe 6 are rigidly connected by a connecting rod 9. A limit switch 7 is installed below the end of the sleeve 4 away from the feeding hopper 2 via a fixing bracket. A strip hole 41 is opened at the bottom of the sleeve 4 and is arranged along its circumference. A lever 8 is fixed on the rotating shaft 5. The bottom end of the lever 8 passes through the strip hole 41 and is in contact with the end of the limit switch 7. A limit rod 10 is also vertically provided at the outer end of the rotating shaft 5. The length of the limit rod 10 is greater than the outer diameter of the sleeve 4. It is used to limit the range of the rotating shaft 5 moving back and forth along the length of the sleeve 4 to ensure that the lever 8 is in contact with the limit switch 7. The lever 8 and the trigger probe 6 are arranged parallel to each other. When the deflection angle of the trigger probe 6 is set to 15° to 20°, the limit switch 7 is reliably triggered.

[0027] The electrical circuit configuration is as follows: the coil of AC contactor KM, the normally closed contact of intermediate relay KA, and the power supply are connected in series; the normally open contact of intermediate relay KA, the alarm device HL, and the power supply are connected in series; the coil of intermediate relay KA, the limit switch 7, and the power supply are connected in series; the normally open contact of AC contactor KM is connected between the power supply and the motor of the upper conveyor belt 1; the main switch QF is connected in series between the power supply and the normally open contact of AC contactor KM; and the alarm device HL uses an alarm light.

[0028] like Figure 3-6 As shown, under normal feeding conditions, high-moisture, sticky material with a moisture content of 30% falls smoothly from the feeding hopper 2 to the lower conveyor belt 3. The material has little lateral impact on the trigger plate 6, which remains vertical at 0° under its own weight without deflection. The limit switch 7 is in the untriggered reset state. At this time, the main switch QF is closed, the normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA remains conductive, the coil of the AC contactor KM is energized, its normally open contact closes, and the motor of the upper conveyor belt 1 is energized and runs normally. The coil of the intermediate relay KA is de-energized because the limit switch 7 does not operate, the normally open contact of the intermediate relay KA opens, the alarm light does not illuminate, and the entire material conveying system operates smoothly and normally.

[0029] When the high-moisture, high-viscosity adhesive material in the hopper 2 causes wall adhesion, arching, accumulation, and blockage, the material continuously accumulates and laterally squeezes the trigger probe 6, pushing the trigger probe 6 to deflect outward around the axis of the sleeve 4. When the deflection angle of the trigger probe 6 reaches the set range of 15° to 20°, the connecting rod 9 drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate synchronously. The rotating shaft 5 drives the lever 8 to swing synchronously along the strip hole 41 of the sleeve 4, accurately triggering the limit switch 7.

[0030] After limit switch 7 is activated, the coil of intermediate relay KA is energized, its normally closed contact immediately opens, and its normally open contact closes. The opening of the normally closed contact of intermediate relay KA cuts off the power supply to the coil of AC contactor KM. AC contactor KM is de-energized and resets, its normally open contact opens, and the upper conveyor belt 1 immediately stops interlocking, ceasing continuous feeding to the blocked material hopper 2 to prevent material overflow, belt overload, and equipment damage. At the same time, the normally open contact of intermediate relay KA closes, the alarm device HL is powered on, and the alarm light illuminates, prompting on-site personnel to promptly carry out unblocking operations.

[0031] After the manual clearing of the blockage in the feeding hopper 2 and the normal flow of material are restored, the accumulated material in the feeding hopper 2 dissipates, and the trigger probe 6 no longer bears the lateral extrusion force of the material; the entire induction transmission mechanism automatically swings back to its original position by the gravity of the trigger probe 6 itself. The trigger probe 6 automatically returns to the initial position of vertical 90° from the deflection angle of 15° to 20°, and the lever 8 disengages from the contact end of the limit switch 7, and the limit switch 7 automatically resets.

[0032] After the limit switch 7 is reset, the coil of the intermediate relay KA is de-energized and released, its normally open contact opens, and the alarm light goes out and stops the alarm; the normally closed contact of the intermediate relay KA returns to closed, the coil of the AC contactor KM is re-energized, its normally open contact closes, the motor circuit of the upper conveyor belt 1 is connected, the equipment restarts and puts into normal material conveying, realizing the reliable operation of the entire process of precise triggering of the blockage angle, interlocking shutdown, audible and visual alarm, and automatic gravity reset after clearing the blockage.

[0033] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gravity-driven self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper containing high-moisture, adhesive materials, comprising an upper conveyor belt, a lower hopper, and a lower conveyor belt arranged sequentially according to the material conveying direction, characterized in that... A sleeve is horizontally fixed on the upper side of the feeding hopper. A rotating shaft moves through the sleeve. A trigger probe is fixed perpendicular to the rotating shaft at one end of the feeding hopper. The lower end of the trigger probe is inserted into the feeding hopper. When the trigger probe deflects 15° to 20°, it triggers a limit switch. A limit switch is fixed below the end of the sleeve away from the feeding hopper by a fixing bracket. A circumferentially oriented strip hole is opened at the bottom of the sleeve above the contact end of the limit switch. A lever is fixed on the rotating shaft. The bottom end of the lever passes through the strip hole and contacts the contact end of the limit switch. A limiting rod is fixed perpendicular to the rotating shaft at the other end. The length of the limiting rod is greater than the outer diameter of the sleeve.

2. The gravity self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high-moisture-content adhesive materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft and the trigger probe are fixedly connected by a connecting rod.

3. The gravity self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high-moisture-content adhesive materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lever and the trigger probe are arranged parallel to each other.

4. A gravity-driven self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high-moisture-content adhesive materials according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes an AC contactor, an intermediate relay, and an alarm device. The coil of the AC contactor, the normally closed contact of the intermediate relay, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence. The normally open contact of the intermediate relay, the alarm device, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence. The coil of the intermediate relay, the limit switch, and the power supply are connected in series in sequence. The normally open contact of the AC contactor is connected between the power supply and the motor of the upper conveyor belt. A main switch is connected between the normally open contact of the AC contactor and the power supply.

5. The gravity self-resetting blockage switch for a hopper of high-moisture-content adhesive materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The alarm device is an alarm light and / or a buzzer.

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