Self-drilling anchor rod for operating high and steep slope of railway

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of self-drilling anchor rods for operating railway high and steep slope management, it is related to high and steep slope management technical field, including drill bit and anchor rod, drill bit includes cylinder and multiple in the first end of cylinder circumferential interval distribution's blade, the second end of cylinder is fixedly connected with the one end of anchor rod;Anchor rod is hollow, and cylinder is provided with the injection channel that is communicated with the hollow portion of anchor rod;At least one barb block is embedded on the outside wall of each blade, the outside wall of blade is curved surface, the outer surface of barb block is flush with the outside wall of blade and the curvature is same curved surface;The one end of each barb block away from anchor rod is hinged with blade, and blade is provided with the tensioning hole corresponding to barb block one by one, one end of tensioning hole is communicated with injection channel, and the other end is contacted with corresponding barb block;When the pressure of gas injected in injection channel exceeds set value, gas can push barb block relative blade rotation. The utility model improves construction efficiency while guaranteeing anchoring performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of high and steep slope treatment technology, and in particular to a self-drilling anchor rod for treating high and steep slopes of operating railways. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of railway construction in my country, the treatment of steep slopes has become a key technical challenge for the safe operation of railway projects. Steep railway slopes typically refer to soil slopes with a height greater than 20 meters or rock slopes with a height greater than 30 meters. Their stability is affected by both internal factors (geomorphology, soil and rock properties, geological structure) and external factors (hydrological processes, seismic activity, human disturbance).

[0003] Railway lines often traverse complex terrains such as mountainous areas and river valleys, where slopes are characterized by fractured rock masses with well-developed joints and fissures, resulting in numerous unstable slopes and dangerous rock masses. Particularly in the western mountainous regions, such as along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, slopes can reach kilometer-level heights and gradients exceeding 60°. Influenced by strata lithology and geological structures, these steep slopes are rich in unstable rock masses, which are highly susceptible to instability and landslides under the influence of earthquakes and rainfall, forming high-altitude landslides or rockfalls that severely impact the normal functionality of railway structures. Therefore, effective monitoring and mitigation measures must be implemented to ensure engineering safety and ecological stability.

[0004] Currently, slope reinforcement is usually achieved through drilling and grouting. However, the existing drilling and grouting methods mainly involve drilling holes with drill rods, pulling out the drill rods after drilling, and then grouting. This process is cumbersome and the reinforcement effect is poor. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-drilling anchor for the treatment of steep slopes in railway operations, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve construction efficiency while ensuring anchoring performance.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: This utility model provides a self-drilling anchor for treating steep slopes of operating railways, including a drill bit and an anchor. The drill bit includes a column and a plurality of blades spaced circumferentially at the first end of the column. The second end of the column is fixedly connected to one end of the anchor. The anchor is hollow, and an air injection channel communicating with the hollow part of the anchor is provided inside the column. At least one barb is embedded on the outer wall of each blade. The outer wall of the blade is curved, and the outer surface of the barb is a curved surface that is flush with the outer wall of the blade and has the same curvature. The end of each barb away from the anchor rod is hinged to the blade. The blade is provided with tension-aiding holes corresponding to the barbs. One end of the tension-aiding hole is connected to the air injection channel, and the other end is in contact with the corresponding barb. When the pressure of the gas injected into the air injection channel exceeds a set value, the gas can push the barb to rotate relative to the blade.

[0007] Preferably, the first end of the column is also provided with a plurality of air holes spaced apart circumferentially. Each air hole is connected to the air injection channel at one end and opened on the surface of the column at the other end. All the air holes and all the blades are staggered along the circumference of the column.

[0008] Preferably, the outer sidewall of each blade protrudes from the outer sidewall of the column, and the outer sidewalls of all blades are located on the same cylindrical surface.

[0009] Preferably, each blade is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth arranged radially along the column at the end away from the column.

[0010] Preferably, the air injection channel includes an air injection chamber and an air injection hole, one end of the air injection hole is connected to the hollow part of the anchor rod and the other end is connected to the air injection chamber, and the tensioning hole is connected to the air injection chamber; The column body is also provided with a connecting hole, one end of which is connected to the air injection chamber and the other end is connected to all the air blowing holes.

[0011] Preferably, the maximum rotation angle of the barb block is 45°~60°.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter of the tension-aiding orifice gradually decreases from one end near the gas injection channel to the other end.

[0013] Preferably, the barbs are wedge-shaped.

[0014] Preferably, the number of blades is five, and each blade is provided with a barb block.

[0015] Preferably, the anchor bolt includes a plurality of sub-anchor bolts connected in sequence, and adjacent sub-anchor bolts are threaded together.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art: This utility model of a self-drilling anchor for high and steep slope treatment of operating railways integrates the drill bit and hollow anchor into a single continuous operation, allowing drilling and anchor installation to be completed in one continuous operation. Compared with the traditional step-by-step process of "drilling first, then pulling out the anchor, and then grouting," it effectively avoids the interruption and time waste caused by repeated anchor replacement and extraction, significantly shortening the construction cycle. It is particularly suitable for slope treatment of operating railways where strict requirements for construction windows and limited working time are imposed, significantly improving the flexibility and overall efficiency of construction organization. Furthermore, barbs that can be opened outward under gas pressure are set on the outer side of the cutter blade. After the anchor is drilled into place, pressurization of the air injection channel causes the barbs to flip outward and embed into the surrounding rock and soil, forming a mechanical internal anchoring structure. This effectively increases the contact area and interlocking strength between the anchor and the rock and soil, providing a pull-out bearing capacity far greater than that of traditional smooth anchors or simple grouting bodies. The curved outer surface of the barbed blocks is flush with the cutter wings, ensuring smooth drilling. After drilling, their open state resists slippage and loosening of the slope's soil and rock, significantly improving the slope's long-term stability and safety margin. By setting air vents connected to the air injection channel on the drill bit shaft and distributing them circumferentially in an alternating pattern with the cutter wings, high-pressure gas can be continuously blown to the bottom and wall of the hole during drilling. This airflow effectively and promptly carries away drilling debris and dust, preventing drill bit blockage, accelerated wear, or uneven hole formation caused by soil accumulation, thus ensuring a regular hole diameter and clean hole wall. The clean hole wall provides a good interface for subsequent grouting, facilitating the full diffusion of the grout, encapsulating the anchor bolts, and tightly bonding them to the soil and rock, further enhancing the integrity and seepage prevention performance of the anchoring system. The air inlet and tension hole can also serve as grouting holes. After drilling to the designated position, grouting is performed through the hollow anchor rod, air injection channel, air inlet, and tension hole, making construction convenient and significantly improving the anchoring effect. This utility model not only solves the technical problems of cumbersome procedures and limited reinforcement effect in existing technologies, but also achieves efficient synergy between drilling and permanent anchoring through structural innovation. It is particularly suitable for the rapid and reliable treatment of steep and dangerous slopes along operating railway lines, and has significant advantages in construction convenience, anchoring reliability, and engineering applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-drilling anchor bolt used for the treatment of steep slopes of operating railways in this embodiment, with the barbed block in the closed state; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-drilling anchor bolt used for the treatment of steep slopes of operating railways in this embodiment, with the barbed block deployed. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of drilling holes using self-drilling anchor bolts for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to this embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structure equipped with a self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of an operating railway, as described in this embodiment. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a portion of a groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a portion of a groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall. Figure 2 ; In the diagram: 1. Internal thread; 2. Air injection hole; 3. Air injection chamber; 4. Rotary joint; 5. Barbed block; 6. Tension-aiding hole; 7. Cutting tooth; 8. Air blowing hole; 9. Blade; 10. Anchor bolt; 11. Drill bit; 12. Groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall; 13. High and steep slope; 14. Lattice-like beam; 15. Grid; 16. Micro-sponge; 17. Topsoil; 18. Stainless steel mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-drilling anchor for the treatment of steep slopes in railway operations, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve construction efficiency while ensuring anchoring performance.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a self-drilling anchor for treating steep slopes of operating railways, including a drill bit 11 and an anchor 10. The drill bit 11 includes a column and five blades 9 circumferentially spaced at the first end of the column. The second end of the column is fixedly connected to one end of the anchor 10. The anchor 10 is hollow, and an air injection channel communicating with the hollow part of the anchor 10 is provided inside the column. Each blade wing 9 has a barb block 5 embedded on its outer side wall. The outer side wall of the blade wing 9 is curved, and the outer surface of the barb block 5 is a curved surface that is flush with the outer side wall of the blade wing 9 and has the same curvature. The end of each barb block 5 away from the anchor rod 10 is hinged to the blade wing 9. The blade wing 9 is provided with tension-aiding holes 6 that correspond one-to-one with the barb blocks 5. One end of the tension-aiding hole 6 is connected to the air injection channel, and the other end is in contact with the corresponding barb block 5. When the pressure of the gas injected into the air injection channel exceeds the set value, the gas can push the barb block 5 to rotate relative to the blade wing 9.

[0023] A barbed block 5, which can be opened outward under gas pressure, is set on the outside of the blade 9. After the anchor rod 10 is drilled into place, the barbed block 5 can be flipped outward and embedded into the surrounding rock and soil by pressurizing the air injection channel, forming a mechanical internal anchoring structure. This effectively increases the contact area and interlocking strength between the anchor rod 10 and the rock and soil, providing a pull-out bearing capacity that is much greater than that of traditional smooth anchor rods 10 or simple grouting bodies. The curved outer surface of the barbed block 5 is flush with the blade 9, ensuring the smoothness of the drilling process. After drilling is completed, its open state can resist the slippage and loosening of the slope rock and soil, thereby significantly improving the long-term stability and safety reserve of the slope.

[0024] In this embodiment, the second end of the column is provided with an internal thread 1, and the end of the anchor rod 10 is provided with an external thread that is threadedly connected to the internal thread 1 of the main body. The blade wing 9 is provided with a rotating platform 4 corresponding to the barb block 5, and the barb block 5 is hinged to the corresponding rotating platform 4 through a hinge shaft.

[0025] In this embodiment, the first end of the column is also provided with a plurality of air blowing holes 8 at circumferential intervals. Each air blowing hole 8 has one end connected to the air injection channel and the other end open on the surface of the column. All the air blowing holes 8 and all the cutter wings 9 are staggered along the circumference of the column. By setting air blowing holes 8 connected to the air injection channel on the drill bit 11 column and staggering them with the cutter wings 9 in the circumferential direction, high-pressure gas can be continuously blown to the bottom of the hole and the hole wall during drilling. This airflow can carry the rock cuttings and dust generated during drilling out of the hole in a timely and effective manner, avoiding problems such as blockage of the drill bit 11, aggravated wear, or non-straight hole formation caused by the accumulation of slag. This ensures that the borehole diameter is regular and the hole wall is clean. The clean hole wall provides a good interface for subsequent grouting, which is conducive to the full diffusion of grout, wrapping of the anchor rod 10 and tight bonding with the rock and soil, further improving the integrity and seepage prevention performance of the anchoring system.

[0026] In the optional embodiments of this example, a preferred arrangement is that the outer wall of each blade 9 protrudes beyond the outer wall of the column, and the outer walls of all blades 9 lie on the same cylindrical surface. As the main drilling and reaming components, the cylindrical surface formed by the outer walls of the blades 9 directly determines the final diameter of the drilled hole. The diameter of this cylindrical surface is larger than the diameter of the column body, meaning that during drilling, the cutting edge of the blades 9 has directly cut out a complete hole diameter that meets the design requirements. The thickness of the outer walls of the blades 9 protruding from the column provides a physical location for the embedding and installation of the barbs 5. The outer surface of the barb 5 is flush with the curved surface of the outer wall of the cutter wing 9, so that it can be completely contained within the protruding contour in the initial (contracted) state without interfering with drilling. Due to the protrusion of the outer wall of the cutter wing 9, longitudinal grooves or channels will naturally form between adjacent cutter wings 9. During drilling, especially when working with the air vent 8 for pneumatic slag removal, these channels help guide rock cuttings and cooling airflow to be smoothly discharged backward along the anchor rod 10 body. This can effectively prevent rock cuttings from accumulating at the root of the drill bit 11 and causing drill bit jamming, reducing drilling resistance and wear, while improving the cleanliness of the hole, creating a cleaner environment for the barb 5 to open and for subsequent grouting. The main radial cutting reaction force and frictional resistance with the borehole wall during drilling are primarily borne by the outer wall of the protruding cutter wing 9. The column body has a small diameter and a certain gap with the borehole wall, concentrating the main lateral friction area at the cutter wing 9, which significantly reduces the friction between the column body and even the rear anchor rod 10 and the borehole wall. This reduces drilling torque and propulsion resistance, saves energy, and effectively protects the column body (and the threaded connection of the anchor rod 10), avoiding excessive wear or damage caused by long-term, large-area friction, and extending the service life of the entire drilling and anchoring system.

[0027] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, it is more preferred that each blade 9 is provided with a plurality of cutting teeth 7 arranged in sequence along the radial direction of the column at the end away from the column. These cutting teeth 7 are mainly composed of polycrystalline diamond composite sheets.

[0028] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, the preferred option is that the air injection channel includes an air injection chamber 3 and an air injection hole 2. One end of the air injection hole 2 is connected to the hollow part of the anchor rod 10, and the other end is connected to the air injection chamber 3. The tensioning hole 6 is connected to the air injection chamber 3. A connecting hole is also provided in the column body. One end of the connecting hole is connected to the air injection chamber 3, and the other end is connected to all the blowing holes 8. This air path design allows the drilling rig to provide a single air source through the hollow part of the anchor rod 10. During the drilling stage, the gas is mainly used for slag removal. After drilling to the bottom, the gas pressure is increased, and the same air path can automatically switch to perform the function of "pushing the barb block 5 to open". There is no need to perform any physical switching or connect external auxiliary pipelines during construction. This achieves seamless and automatic connection of the two core functions, greatly simplifies the on-site operation process, improves construction efficiency, and reduces the risk of failure due to misoperation.

[0029] In the optional scheme of this embodiment, the preferred maximum rotation angle of the barb block 5 is 45°~60°. It is worth noting that the length of the barb block 5 needs to be sufficient so that when the drill bit 11 drills to the set position and the barb block 5 unfolds under air pressure, it can compress and engage with the inner wall of the borehole formed by the drill bit 11. Since the drill bit 11 drills into rock mass, and the rock mass is relatively hard, it cannot be infinitely compressed by the barb block 5. Due to the obstruction of the inner wall of the borehole, i.e., the rock mass, the maximum rotation angle of the barb block 5 can usually only reach 45°~60°. In this embodiment, the maximum diameter of the drill bit 11 is 4cm, the length of the barb block 5 is 1.5cm~2cm, and when the barb block 5 is embedded in the corresponding blade 9, the length direction of the barb block 5 is parallel to the axial direction of the column.

[0030] In the optional embodiments of this example, a preferred design is that the diameter of the tension-aiding hole 6 gradually decreases from one end near the air injection channel to the other. This tapering design of the tension-aiding hole 6 facilitates the concentration of gas pressure on the barb block 5, ensuring reliable and synchronized opening.

[0031] In the optional embodiments of this example, the barb block 5 is preferably wedge-shaped.

[0032] It is worth noting that in practical applications, the number of blades 9 on the drill bit 11 is not limited to five as in this embodiment, and the number of blades 9 can be adjusted adaptively according to actual needs; similarly, the number of barbs 5 on each blade 9 is not limited to one as in this embodiment, and the number of barbs 5 on each blade 9 can be adjusted adaptively according to actual needs.

[0033] In the optional embodiments of this example, a preferred embodiment is that the anchor rod 10 includes multiple sub-anchor rods 10 connected in sequence, and adjacent sub-anchor rods 10 are threaded together. By using multiple threaded sub-anchor rods 10, the length can be flexibly extended according to the actual slope height and anchoring depth requirements, adapting to the treatment of steep slopes 13 of different scales.

[0034] The specific method for using self-drilling anchors for the treatment of steep slopes on operating railways in this embodiment is as follows: First, the assembled self-drilling anchor 10 is installed on the drilling rig; the drilling rig is started, and the anchor 10 is driven to rotate. The cutting teeth 7 at the front end of the drill bit 11 are used to break the rock and soil to achieve drilling; during the drilling process, compressed air can be injected into the bottom of the hole through the air injection channel in the hollow cavity of the anchor 10 and the drill bit 11 as needed; the airflow is ejected from the air blowing hole 8 at the front end of the drill bit 11, effectively carrying the rock cuttings generated during drilling out of the hole, realizing pneumatic slag removal and keeping the borehole clean; Once the drill bit 11 reaches the designed depth, drilling stops, but the anchor rod 10 remains in a fixed position. Subsequently, high-pressure gas is injected into the air injection channel through the hollow anchor rod 10. The gas pressure rapidly accumulates in the annular air injection chamber 3 and simultaneously acts on all tensioning holes 6. Driven by the gas pressure, each barb 5 rotates outward around its hinge point, and its outer surface breaks through the original contour flush with the blade 9, opening outward. The maximum opening angle of the barb 5 is limited within a certain range by the mechanical structure to ensure that it can be firmly embedded in the surrounding rock and soil, forming a reliable mechanical engagement anchor. After the barbed block 5 is fully opened and locked, pressure grouting can be performed into the borehole through the hollow anchor rod 10; the grout fills the borehole and solidifies the anchor rod 10, the opened barbed block 5 and the surrounding rock and soil into a solid whole, ultimately forming a high-performance prestressed or non-prestressed anchoring system.

[0035] The self-drilling anchor bolt used in this embodiment for the treatment of steep slopes along operating railways integrates drilling, mechanical anchoring, and permanent grouting, greatly simplifying the construction process for reinforcing steep slopes. It is particularly suitable for efficient and reliable treatment of slopes with complex terrain and fractured rock along operating railways.

[0036] Furthermore, the self-drilling anchor bolts used for the treatment of steep slopes of operating railways in this embodiment can be used in conjunction with the groutable variable cross-section pile wall 12 and the micro-sponge base net topsoil spraying technology in practical applications.

[0037] The groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall 12 refers to a pile-slab wall that uses piles with grouting function; the pile-slab wall adopts a variable cross-section and variable stiffness design, and appropriately increases the pile diameter and reinforcement in the lower part and key parts affected by load to enhance the ability to resist lateral forces; at the same time, the slab wall is made of high-performance fiber concrete material, which has better toughness and crack resistance, and can effectively disperse the stress generated by train vibration and earthquake.

[0038] The micro-sponge-based net topsoil spraying technology refers to spraying topsoil 17 onto bare ground to form a thin and uniform soil cover, and using materials such as micro-sponge 16 to enhance soil structure, improve soil texture and water and fertilizer retention capacity, providing a good soil environment for subsequent vegetation growth. This method helps to improve the erosion resistance of bare ground, reduce soil erosion, and promote vegetation restoration and growth.

[0039] In this embodiment, a grid-like lattice beam 14 is provided on the outer wall of the groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall 12. The difference between the lattice beam in this embodiment and the existing mature lattice beam is that the lattice beam 14 in this embodiment needs to be used in conjunction with the groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall 12. Moreover, the function of the lattice beam 14 in this embodiment is only to fix the topsoil 17 through the divided grid 15. Therefore, the thickness of the lattice beam 14 in this embodiment is less than the thickness of the existing mature lattice beam.

[0040] The specific construction methods for the groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall 12 and the micro-sponge-based mesh topsoil spraying are as follows: S1. Preliminary Preparation: Conduct a detailed geological survey of the slope site, including collecting key information such as rock strata distribution, soil and rock properties, slope gradient, and height; based on the survey results, calculate the rock mass pressure, bending moment, and shear force on the piles and retaining walls, and determine the required quantity and size of the groutable variable cross-section pile-slab wall 12, the size and location of the grouting holes, the installation location and size of the anchor rods 10, and draw detailed construction drawings, marking the dimensions, locations, and connection requirements of each component; conduct tests on different fiber-reinforced concretes to determine the high-performance fibers, coarse and fine aggregates, and suitable grouting materials; prepare the materials and equipment according to the material and equipment requirements, clear obstacles from the site, level the construction site, and measure and mark the accurate installation positions of the piles according to the design drawings.

[0041] S2, On-site installation and construction First, self-drilling anchors for the treatment of steep slopes of operating railways, as described in this embodiment, are drilled at each anchor rod 10 installation location. After all the self-drilling anchors for the treatment of steep slopes of operating railways are installed, the pile-slab wall positions are measured and marked out: according to the design drawings, the position points are accurately marked out, and the reinforcing cage is made according to the design specifications, ensuring that the reinforcing bars are firmly welded and the spacing is accurate. Appropriate templates are used to place the grouting holes, and high-performance fibers are evenly mixed into the concrete. When placing the reinforcing cage, ensure that the position is accurate and that it is aligned with each self-drilling anchor for the treatment of steep slopes of operating railways. The exposed parts of the anchor rods are fixedly connected; the prepared high-performance concrete material is injected into the pile wall through a grouting pump at the set grouting pressure and grouting volume, using a bottom-up or other reasonable grouting sequence. The situation inside the hole is observed while grouting to ensure full grouting and to form a high-performance fiber concrete pile body; 300mm pipe piles are driven into the slope toe according to the drawings. For tuff, the pile tip penetrates 2-3m; for strongly weathered tuff, the pile tip penetrates 3-5m, and PVC pipes (with reserved perforated grouting holes) are driven into the hole according to the drawings.

[0042] S3. Post-monitoring and data collection After the pile-slab wall construction is completed, non-destructive testing (such as low-strain testing of pile integrity) and load testing (testing the bearing capacity of the piles) are used to evaluate the overall quality to ensure that the design bearing and stability requirements are met. In the later stage, the retaining plate is checked regularly for deformation, cracking, and whether the grouting holes are blocked. Problems found are recorded in a timely manner and corresponding maintenance measures are taken for different problems. If cracks appear in the rock mass under the pile-slab wall, grouting material is injected into the grouting holes in that section, and appropriate grouting tools are used to ensure that the grouting material can fully penetrate into the rock cracks and fill the pores.

[0043] S4, Micro-sponge-based netting and topsoil hydroseeding: (1) Construction preparation: Conduct a detailed survey of the construction area to understand the topography, soil, rock and other conditions of the slope and determine the construction plan; purchase or prepare construction materials such as micro sponge 16, topsoil 17, plant seeds, fertilizer, water retention agent, adhesive and so on, and ensure that the quality and quantity of materials meet the construction requirements; organize a professional construction team, provide technical training and safety briefing to the construction personnel, and make them familiar with the construction process and key points of operation; (2) Slope treatment: Remove debris, loose rocks and loose soil from the slope and trim the slope to make it as flat as possible to facilitate the laying of the micro sponge 16 base net and the attachment of the topsoil 17; in areas where the slope is unstable, such as rock fracture zones and soft soil areas, use anchor rods 10, anchor cables and other reinforcement treatments to ensure the stability of the slope. (3) Laying of micro sponges 16: According to the size and shape of each grid 15 formed by the lattice beams 14 on the slope, cut micro sponges 16 of appropriate size; then lay the micro sponges 16 in each grid 15 formed by the lattice beams 14. (4) Spraying of topsoil 17: Mix topsoil 17 material in a certain proportion and stir it evenly. Appropriate amounts of water-retaining agent, adhesive, fertilizer and plant seeds can be added. Use topsoil 17 spraying machine to spray the mixed topsoil 17 evenly onto micro sponge 16. The spraying thickness is controlled within a certain range according to the design requirements, generally 5-10 cm. (5) Laying stainless steel mesh 18: Cut stainless steel mesh 18 of appropriate size according to the size and shape of each grid 15 formed by the lattice beam 14 on the slope; then connect the stainless steel mesh 18 to the lattice beam 14 and the slope protection through the corner brackets around the lattice beam 14 and the anchor rods 10. The stainless steel mesh 18 plays a protective role for the topsoil 17 and prevents the topsoil 17 from being lost. (6) During the plant growth period, watering, fertilization, pest and disease control and other maintenance work should be carried out regularly to ensure the normal growth of the plants; pruning and replanting should be carried out in a timely manner according to the growth of the plants to ensure the coverage and aesthetics of the vegetation.

[0044] This embodiment organically combines the lattice-like beam 14 with functions such as slope protection, drainage, and greening. Drainage pipes and water collection troughs can also be set inside the lattice-like beam to remove rainwater from the slope in a timely manner, lower the groundwater level, and reduce water pressure on the slope. Planting troughs can be reserved on the surface of the lattice-like beam 14 or ecological concrete materials can be used to promote vegetation growth, realize the integration of slope ecological restoration and protection functions, improve the ecological environment quality and landscape effect of the slope, and conform to the concept of green and environmentally friendly engineering.

[0045] As an optional implementation method in this embodiment, the lattice beam 14 is manufactured using basalt fiber material. Compared with ordinary concrete, concrete mixed with basalt fiber has advantages such as high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and light weight, which can reduce the self-weight of the lattice beam, facilitate transportation and installation, and improve the durability and tensile performance of the structure.

[0046] As an optional implementation method in this embodiment, a combination of high-strength bolt connections and embedded connections is adopted. At node 14 of the lattice-like beam, the synergistic effect of precisely machined embedded joints and high-strength bolts improves the connection strength and stiffness of the node, enhancing its reliability under complex loads. Compared with traditional welded nodes, this new type of mechanical connection node has advantages such as convenient construction, disassembly, inspection, and maintenance. It can effectively avoid the impact of welding defects on structural performance, improving the overall quality and construction efficiency of the lattice beam.

[0047] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways, characterized in that: The device includes a drill bit and an anchor rod. The drill bit includes a column and a plurality of blades spaced circumferentially at a first end of the column. The second end of the column is fixedly connected to one end of the anchor rod. The anchor rod is hollow, and an air injection channel communicating with the hollow part of the anchor rod is provided inside the column. At least one barb is embedded on the outer wall of each blade. The outer wall of the blade is curved, and the outer surface of the barb is a curved surface that is flush with the outer wall of the blade and has the same curvature. The end of each barb away from the anchor rod is hinged to the blade. The blade is provided with tension-aiding holes corresponding to the barbs. One end of the tension-aiding hole is connected to the air injection channel, and the other end is in contact with the corresponding barb. When the pressure of the gas injected into the air injection channel exceeds a set value, the gas can push the barb to rotate relative to the blade.

2. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first end of the column is also provided with a plurality of air blowing holes at circumferential intervals. Each air blowing hole is connected to the air injection channel at one end and opened on the surface of the column at the other end. All the air blowing holes and all the blades are staggered along the circumference of the column.

3. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side wall of each blade protrudes from the outer side wall of the column, and the outer side walls of all blades are located on the same cylindrical surface.

4. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each blade has multiple cutting teeth arranged radially along the column at the end furthest from the column.

5. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air injection channel includes an air injection chamber and an air injection hole. One end of the air injection hole is connected to the hollow part of the anchor rod, and the other end is connected to the air injection chamber. The tensioning hole is connected to the air injection chamber. The column body is also provided with a connecting hole, one end of which is connected to the air injection chamber and the other end is connected to all the air blowing holes.

6. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum rotation angle of the barbed block is 45°~60°.

7. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the tension-aiding orifice gradually decreases from one end near the gas injection channel to the other end.

8. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The barbed blocks are wedge-shaped.

9. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of blades is five, and each blade is provided with a barb block.

10. The self-drilling anchor bolt for treating steep slopes of operating railways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor bolt includes multiple sub-anchor bolts connected in sequence, and adjacent sub-anchor bolts are threaded together.

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