Self-insulation composite cut brick for building outer wall

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of self-insulation composite cut block bricks for building outer wall, it is related to building material technical field, solve the problem that existing block insulation difference, not firm, need additional insulation layer.The block includes inner layer base body, outer layer base body, insulation layer, connecting rib, moisture-proof layer and fireproof layer, insulation layer is clamped between inner and outer layer base body, connecting rib passes through insulation layer and connects inner and outer layer base body, moisture-proof layer and fireproof layer are respectively attached insulation layer two sides, base layer is provided with through hole.The work, base layer bears load, insulation layer and hole air layer realize double insulation, moisture-proof layer protects insulation layer from being damp, fireproof layer blocks flame spread.The utility model does not need additional insulation layer, construction is simple, overall strength is high, insulation, moisture-proof, fireproof performance is excellent, dead weight is light, applicable to various building outer walls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building materials technology, specifically a composite block brick used for building exterior wall construction, which combines structural support and self-insulating functions. It is suitable for various exterior wall construction scenarios that require energy-saving and heat-insulating features, such as civil buildings and public buildings. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, building exterior wall insulation mainly adopts a combination of "block substrate + external insulation layer," which has the following drawbacks: First, traditional blocks (such as clay bricks and ordinary concrete blocks) have high thermal conductivity and poor insulation performance, requiring additional insulation materials such as polystyrene boards and rock wool boards, increasing construction procedures and costs. Furthermore, the insulation layer is prone to hollowing and detachment from the substrate, making later maintenance difficult. Second, some existing composite insulation blocks simply embed the insulation material into the substrate without an effective connecting structure, resulting in insufficient overall block strength and easy cracking under external impact. Third, the insulation material is in direct contact with the outdoor environment, easily absorbing rainwater and moisture, leading to a decrease in insulation performance. It also lacks targeted fireproofing design, posing a fire hazard. Fourth, traditional blocks are heavy, increasing the building structure load, and without thermal bridging design, heat can easily be transferred through the solid parts of the blocks, affecting the overall insulation effect.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a composite block brick that integrates structural strength, self-insulation, moisture and fire resistance, and lightweight design, enabling the completion of the exterior wall structure and insulation function in a single construction step, simplifying the construction process, and improving the long-term performance of the exterior wall. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model aims to solve the problems of poor thermal insulation performance of existing building exterior wall blocks, the need for additional insulation layers, low bonding strength of composite blocks, easy moisture-induced failure of insulation materials, insufficient fire resistance, and excessive weight. A self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls includes a base layer, an insulation layer, connecting ribs, a moisture-proof layer, and a fireproof layer. The substrate layer is divided into an inner substrate and an outer substrate. The inner substrate faces the interior of the building, and the outer substrate faces the exterior. The insulation layer is placed between the inner and outer substrates, filling the gap between them. The connecting bars pass through the insulation layer along the height of the block, with both ends embedded in the inner and outer substrates respectively, achieving a rigid connection between the inner substrate, the insulation layer, and the outer substrate. The moisture-proof layer is attached to the contact surface between the insulation layer and the outer substrate, completely covering the exterior side of the insulation layer. The fireproof layer is attached to the contact surface between the insulation layer and the inner substrate, completely covering the interior side of the insulation layer. The substrate layer also has channels that penetrate the inner and outer substrates along the height of the block. The channels are evenly distributed along the width of the block, and the inner walls of the channels do not contact the insulation layer.

[0005] Structural support and load transfer: The inner and outer substrates are made of high-strength materials and serve as the main structural components of the blocks, bearing the vertical and horizontal loads of the building's exterior walls. They also provide an installation carrier for the insulation layer, moisture-proof layer, and fireproof layer. Connecting bars pass through the insulation layer to connect the inner and outer substrates, preventing separation of the inner and outer substrates due to the low strength of the insulation layer. This ensures that the load is evenly transferred to the entire block, improving the overall flexural and compressive strength.

[0006] Self-insulating function is achieved: the insulation layer uses high-efficiency insulation material with low thermal conductivity to block the heat transfer path between the interior and exterior of the building; a static air layer is formed in the through-holes on the base layer. The thermal conductivity of air is much lower than that of solid materials, which further enhances the insulation effect. At the same time, the through-holes are set to avoid the insulation layer to avoid the formation of thermal bridges; through the dual insulation structure of "insulation layer + air layer", the building's external wall energy-saving design standards are met, and no additional external insulation layer is required.

[0007] Moisture-proof protection mechanism: The moisture-proof layer is bonded between the insulation layer and the outer substrate. The outer substrate blocks most of the rainwater from washing away, and the small amount of moisture that seeps into the outer substrate is intercepted by the moisture-proof layer and cannot enter the interior of the insulation layer. This prevents the insulation material from absorbing moisture, which would cause an increase in thermal conductivity and a decrease in insulation performance, thus extending the service life of the insulation layer.

[0008] Fire safety guarantee: The fireproof layer is set between the insulation layer and the inner substrate. When a fire occurs in the building, the fireproof layer can block the spread of flames and high temperature to the insulation layer, preventing the insulation layer from burning or releasing toxic gases. At the same time, the fireproof layer has a certain heat insulation performance, which slows down the damage of high temperature to the insulation layer and buys time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting.

[0009] Lightweight and construction adaptability: Through-hole reduces the amount of base layer material used, making the self-weight of the block 20%-30% lower than that of traditional concrete blocks, thus reducing the structural load of the building; the overall size of the block is compatible with traditional standard blocks, and no adjustment of the construction process is required during construction. Conventional masonry mortar can be used directly to achieve "one-time construction to complete the structure + insulation", shortening the construction cycle.

[0010] Beneficial effects

[0011] Simplified construction process: The blocks have built-in insulation, so there is no need to attach an additional insulation layer after the blocks are laid. This reduces the number of construction steps for the exterior walls, lowers labor and material costs, and increases construction efficiency by more than 30%.

[0012] Enhanced structural stability: Connecting ribs link the inner and outer substrate layers, and combined with a multi-layer composite structure, prevent the insulation layer from separating from the substrate, making it less prone to cracking and detachment during long-term use.

[0013] Long-lasting thermal insulation performance: "Dual insulation with "insulation layer + air layer" combined with moisture-proof layer protection ensures that the exterior wall meets energy-saving requirements for a long time.

[0014] Fireproof and moisture-proof safety: The fireproof layer blocks the spread of flames, and the moisture-proof layer protects the insulation layer from moisture, improving the fire resistance of the exterior wall to B1 or above and the moisture resistance to IPX4 or above.

[0015] Lightweight design: Through-holes reduce self-weight and structural load, while facilitating mortar filling during masonry and improving the bond strength between blocks and mortar. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0019] In the picture:

[0020] 1-Inner substrate, 2-Outer substrate, 3-Insulation layer, 4-Connecting rib, 5-Moisture-proof layer, 6-Fireproof layer, 7-Channel. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] like Figure 1-2 As shown;

[0023] A self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls.

[0024] This implementation plan addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as the aforementioned background technology disclosure: "Currently, building exterior wall insulation mainly adopts a combination of 'block substrate + external insulation layer,' which has the following drawbacks: First, traditional blocks (such as clay bricks and ordinary concrete blocks) have high thermal conductivity and poor insulation performance, requiring additional bonding of insulation materials such as polystyrene boards and rock wool boards, increasing construction procedures and costs. Furthermore, hollow areas and detachment easily occur between the insulation layer and the substrate, making later maintenance difficult; Second, some existing composite insulation blocks simply embed the insulation material into the substrate without setting up an effective connection structure." The problems include: insufficient overall strength of the blocks, making them prone to cracking under impact; the direct contact of insulation materials with the outdoor environment, leading to absorption of rainwater and moisture, resulting in reduced insulation performance; the lack of targeted fireproof design, posing a fire hazard; and the heavy weight of traditional blocks, increasing the structural load and failing to consider thermal bridging design, allowing heat to easily transfer through the solid parts of the blocks, affecting the overall insulation effect. In practical terms, this is a real and difficult problem to solve. Therefore, to address this technical issue, a self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls is proposed.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] like Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure;

[0027] This embodiment of a self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls includes an inner substrate 1, an outer substrate 2, an insulation layer 3, connecting bars 4, a moisture-proof layer 5, and a fireproof layer 6.

[0028] Structural parameters and material selection

[0029] Overall dimensions of the block: length 600mm, width 240mm, height 200mm (conforming to standard block dimensions and suitable for conventional masonry techniques).

[0030] Inner substrate 1 and outer substrate 2: Both are made of fly ash aerated concrete block material, with inner substrate 1 having a thickness of 80mm and outer substrate 2 having a thickness of 60mm. This material has a compressive strength ≥12MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.18W / (m・K), combining strength and a certain degree of thermal insulation.

[0031] Insulation layer 3: Made of extruded polystyrene board (XPS), with a thickness of 100mm, thermal conductivity ≤0.03W / (m・K), volume water absorption rate ≤1.5%, compressive strength ≥250kPa, filling the gap between the inner substrate 1 and the outer substrate 2;

[0032] Connecting bar 4: Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) bar with a diameter of 8mm and a length consistent with the width of the block (240mm). Six bars are evenly arranged along the length of the block, and two rows are arranged along the height (40mm from the top and bottom of the block, respectively). Both ends of the connecting bar 4 are embedded 30mm into the inner layer matrix 1 and the outer layer matrix 2, respectively. The surface of the embedded part is roughened (roughness Ra=1.6μm) to enhance the adhesion with the matrix.

[0033] Moisture-proof layer 5: Modified bitumen waterproof membrane with a thickness of 1.5mm and dimensions consistent with the outdoor-facing side of insulation layer 3 (length 600mm, width 100mm). It is bonded between insulation layer 3 and outer substrate 2 using polyurethane adhesive (bonding strength ≥0.3MPa).

[0034] Fireproof layer 6: Made of glass magnesium fireproof board, 5mm thick, with dimensions consistent with the interior side of insulation layer 3 (600mm length, 100mm width), and bonded between insulation layer 3 and inner substrate 1 using cement-based adhesive (bonding strength ≥0.2MPa);

[0035] Channel 7: It runs through the inner substrate 1 and the outer substrate 2 along the height of the block, with a diameter of 30mm. Four channels 7 are evenly arranged along the length of the block, with a center-to-center distance of 120mm between adjacent channels 7. The axis of channel 7 is parallel to the width of the block, and the inner wall of channel 7 is 10mm away from the insulation layer 3 to avoid contact and the formation of thermal bridges.

[0036] Manufacturing process

[0037] Step 1: Prefabricate the inner substrate 1 and the outer substrate 2. During fabrication, reserve a 10mm diameter hole (30mm depth) at the corresponding connecting rib 4 position in the inner and outer substrates, and reserve a groove at the corresponding channel 7 position in the inner and outer substrates.

[0038] Step 2: On the outdoor side of the insulation layer 3, attach the moisture-proof layer 5 with polyurethane adhesive, and on the indoor side, attach the fireproof layer 6 with cement-based adhesive. Let stand for 24 hours until the adhesive cures.

[0039] Step 3: Insert one end of the connecting bar 4 into the reserved hole of the inner substrate 1, fill the gap of the reserved hole with epoxy resin mortar (filling density ≥95%), and let it stand for 12 hours until the mortar is cured.

[0040] Step 4: Apply cement-based adhesive (5mm thick) to both sides of the insulation layer 3 (including the moisture-proof layer 5 and the fireproof layer 6), attach the outer substrate 2 to the outside of the insulation layer 3, insert the other end of the connecting bar 4 into the reserved hole of the outer substrate 2, fill the gap of the reserved hole with epoxy resin mortar, and let it stand for 12 hours.

[0041] Step 5: Place the assembled blocks into the curing room and cure them for 7 days at a temperature of 20±2℃ and a relative humidity of ≥90%. After curing, check the bonding of each layer to ensure that there are no hollow areas or detachments.

[0042] Step 6: Using drilling equipment, drill through the pre-reserved groove to connect the inner substrate 1 and the outer substrate 2, forming a through channel 7. During the drilling process, control the rotation speed to ≤300r / min to avoid damaging the insulation layer 3.

[0043] Construction Application

[0044] M10 cement mortar is used during masonry. The blocks are arranged in a conventional masonry manner, with the inner substrate 1 facing indoors and the outer substrate 2 facing outdoors. Expanded perlite (thermal conductivity ≤0.04W / (m・K)) can be filled into the ducts 7 to further improve the insulation effect. After the masonry is completed, no additional external insulation layer is required. Only conventional decorative treatment (such as applying exterior wall paint) is needed on the surface of the outer substrate 2.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls, characterized in that: It includes a base layer, an insulation layer (3), connecting bars (4), a moisture-proof layer (5), and a fireproof layer (6); the base layer includes an inner base (1) and an outer base (2), the inner base (1) facing the interior of the building and the outer base (2) facing the exterior of the building; the insulation layer (3) is disposed between the inner base (1) and the outer base (2); the connecting bars (4) pass through the insulation layer (3) along the height direction of the block, and the two ends of the connecting bars (4) are respectively embedded in the inner base (1) and the outer base (2). The moisture-proof layer (5) is set between the insulation layer (3) and the outer substrate (2), and completely covers the side of the insulation layer (3) facing the outside. The fireproof layer (6) is set between the insulation layer (3) and the inner substrate (1), and completely covers the side of the insulation layer (3) facing the inside. The substrate layer is provided with a channel (7) that runs through the inner substrate (1) and the outer substrate (2) along the height direction of the block. The channel (7) is evenly distributed along the width direction of the block, and the inner wall of the channel (7) does not contact the insulation layer (3).

2. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the channel (7) is 25-35mm, and 3-5 channels are set along the length of the block. The center-to-center distance between adjacent channels (7) is 100-150mm.

3. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting bar (4) is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic bar with a diameter of 6-10mm. Six bars are set along the length of the block and two rows are set along the height. The depth of the connecting bar (4) embedded in the inner matrix (1) and the outer matrix (2) at both ends is 25-35mm.

4. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulation layer (3) is made of extruded polystyrene board or graphite polystyrene board with a thickness of 80-120mm.

5. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture-proof layer (5) is made of modified bitumen waterproof membrane or polyethylene polypropylene waterproof membrane with a thickness of 1.2-2.0 mm.

6. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof layer (6) is made of magnesium oxide fireproof board or calcium silicate fireproof board with a thickness of 3-8mm.

7. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner substrate (1) and the outer substrate (2) are made of fly ash aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete. The thickness of the inner substrate (1) is 70-90mm and the thickness of the outer substrate (2) is 50-70mm.

8. The self-insulating composite block brick for building exterior walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rib (4) is embedded in the inner matrix (1) and the outer matrix (2) with the surface roughened.

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