A high pressure foam expansion device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of high-pressure foam inflation devices, belong to rock breaking equipment technical field.The device includes energy storage device, sealing device, injection device, box;Sealing device includes sealing cylinder, sealing cylinder front and rear end cover, sealing piston, sealing pipe, expansion rubber tube and base, energy storage device includes energy accumulator, foam cylinder, push piston and foam cylinder front and rear end cover, injection device includes high-pressure valve, injection tube.The device is optimized by structure design, improves structural strength, and simplifies operation process.The core is to realize resource separation extraction by foam expansion and cleavage.Compared with prior art, the device can effectively reduce failure rate, reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, improve work efficiency and service life in the field of oil, natural gas, mineral resources exploitation and environmental protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of rock breaking equipment technology, specifically to a high-pressure foam expansion and cracking device. Background Technology

[0002] In modern industrial production and scientific research, high-pressure foam fracturing machines are widely used as important equipment in fields such as oil, natural gas, mineral resource extraction, and environmental protection. With the continuous development of resources, traditional extraction technologies are gradually revealing their limitations, especially under extreme conditions such as high pressure and high temperature, where the safety and reliability of the equipment have become urgent issues to be addressed. Therefore, designing a high-efficiency, stable, and high-performance high-pressure foam fracturing machine is of paramount importance.

[0003] The core function of a high-pressure foam deflator is to effectively separate and extract target resources through the expansion and decomposition of foam. Its structural design directly affects the equipment's efficiency and service life. Currently, many existing high-pressure foam deflators on the market have certain shortcomings in their structural design, such as inappropriate material selection, insufficient structural strength, and complex operation. These problems lead to frequent malfunctions in practical applications, and even cause resource waste and environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device, including an energy storage device, a sealing device, an injection device, and a housing.

[0005] The sealing device includes a sealing cylinder, front and rear end caps of the sealing cylinder, a sealing piston, a sealing tube, an expansion hose, and a base. The front and rear end caps of the sealing cylinder are fixedly connected to both ends, respectively. A sealing piston matching the inner diameter of the sealing cylinder is installed inside, allowing the piston to move smoothly within the cylinder and ensuring a tight seal. The front and rear end caps of the sealing cylinder have through holes C and D at their centers, respectively, for the injection tube to pass through. From the injection end, the base, expansion hose, sealing tube, and sealing piston are sequentially fitted onto the injection tube. The rear end cap of the sealing cylinder also has a through hole G for adding hydraulic oil into the sealing cylinder.

[0006] Preferably, the expansion tube has good elasticity and sufficient strength to ensure that it expands within the sealing aperture and adheres tightly to the rock wall to form a sealed environment.

[0007] Preferably, the sealing piston has a convex shape near the injection end.

[0008] Preferably, the energy storage device includes an accumulator, a foam cylinder, a piston, and front and rear end covers of the foam cylinder. The foam cylinder is fixedly installed in the upper housing. The front and rear end covers of the foam cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to both ends to ensure a tight connection. A piston matching the inner diameter of the foam cylinder is installed inside the foam cylinder, allowing the piston to move smoothly within the cylinder and ensuring a tight seal. The front end cover of the foam cylinder has a through hole E. The accumulator is fixedly connected to the front end cover of the foam cylinder, and energy is transferred between the accumulator and the foam cylinder through the through hole E. The rear end cover of the foam cylinder has a through hole F at its center to facilitate the flow of foam to the high-pressure valve.

[0009] Preferably, the injection device includes a high-pressure valve and an injection tube. The high-pressure valve controls the flow of high-pressure foam and forms a corresponding fluid passage with the foam cylinder and sealing cylinder. When the pressure inside the energy storage device reaches a preset threshold, the high-pressure valve can open instantaneously, precisely injecting the high-pressure foam medium into the sealed rock borehole through the injection tube, triggering the foam expansion and rupture effect. The inlet end of the high-pressure valve is sealed to the through hole F at the center of the rear end cap of the foam cylinder, ensuring that the foam can only flow to the inlet end of the high-pressure valve through the through hole F. The outlet end of the high-pressure valve is sealed to the through hole C at the center of the front end cap of the sealing cylinder, preventing leakage when the foam passes through. The injection tube is sequentially fitted with a base, an expansion tube, a sealing tube, and a sealing piston from the injection end.

[0010] Preferably, the sealing tube covers the injection tube and, in conjunction with the piston, applies axial pressure to the expansion tube. The inner diameter of the sealing tube is the same as the outer diameter of the injection tube.

[0011] Preferably, the housing includes an upper housing, a lower housing, a front cover, and a rear cover. The upper housing and the lower housing are detachably and fixedly connected by the front cover and the rear cover to protect the structural stability of the high-pressure foam expansion device and facilitate the assembly and maintenance of internal parts. A through hole A is provided at the center of the front cover, through which the accumulator is fixedly connected to the front cover of the foam cylinder to provide energy storage for the device. A through hole B is provided at the center of the rear cover to facilitate the passage of the sealing tube that encloses the injection tube.

[0012] Beneficial effects: This invention solves the safety, reliability, and efficiency problems of existing high-pressure foam expansion devices under extreme conditions of high pressure and high temperature caused by insufficient structural design.

[0013] This invention improves structural strength by optimizing structural design and using specific materials, and simplifies the operation process.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model can effectively reduce the failure rate, reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, and improve working efficiency and service life in the fields of oil, natural gas, mineral resource extraction and environmental protection. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box body of this utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an energy storage device.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a foam tank.

[0019] Figure 5 The diagram shows the connection between the foam cylinder and the front cover of the foam cylinder, and the connection between the foam cylinder and the rear cover of the foam cylinder.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the injection device.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of an injection tube.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the sealing device.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sealing cylinder.

[0024] Figure 10 The diagram shows the connection between the sealing cylinder and the front cover of the sealing cylinder, and the connection between the sealing cylinder and the rear cover of the sealing cylinder.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of an expansion hose.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing process of the expansion hose. Among them, (a) initial state, (b) free deformation, (c) constrained deformation, and (d) expansion and cracking stage.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of a sealed piston.

[0028] Figure 14 This is a structural diagram of a sealed tube.

[0029] Figure 15 This is a 3D structural diagram of the box. Among them, 1-accumulator; 2-foam cylinder front cover; 3-push piston; 4-foam cylinder; 5-upper box; 6-foam cylinder rear cover; 7-high pressure valve; 8-sealing cylinder front cover; 9-sealing piston; 10-sealing cylinder; 11-sealing cylinder rear cover; 12-box rear cover; 13-injection tube; 14-expansion hose; 15-base; 16-sealing tube; 17-lower box; 18-box front cover; 19-energy storage device; 20-sealing device; 21-spraying device. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0031] The overall structural diagram of the high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the internal structure of the box is as follows: Figure 2 Its original technical parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0032]

[0033] Energy storage device 19 includes an accumulator 1, a foam tank 4, a push piston 3, and front and rear end covers 2 and 6 of the foam tank, such as Figure 3 As shown, the foam cylinder 4 is connected to the front cover 2 of the foam cylinder by a flange, and the rear cover 6 of the foam cylinder is provided with a high-pressure foam injection port (through hole F). Due to the high requirements for structural stability, the foam cylinder 4 and the rear cover 6 are welded together to store the high-pressure foam medium and control the amount of foam used in the expansion and cracking process. This unit not only achieves stable storage of the high-pressure foam medium generated by the high-pressure foam generator but also controls the amount of foam used in the expansion and cracking process. The accumulator 1 is a bladder-type accumulator. The volume of the foam cylinder 4 must be sufficient to meet the total volume of foam required for the expansion and cracking process. Simultaneously, the foam cylinder 4 and the front and rear covers 2 and 6 must meet the high-pressure working pressure requirements. Therefore, the length and cylinder thickness of the foam cylinder 4, as well as the front and rear covers 2 and 6, need to be calculated.

[0034] (1) Calculation of the length of foam tank 4 As shown in Table 1, the inner diameter of foam cylinder 4 is 160mm and the piston stroke is 250mm. Considering the size of the pushing piston 3 and the length of the rear end of the foam cylinder that needs to be embedded in the rear end cover, the length of foam cylinder 4 needs to be greater than the piston stroke. The sum of the thickness of the pushing piston 4 itself and the length embedded in the rear end cover, the length of foam cylinder 4 can be designed to be 380mm to meet the design requirements.

[0035] (2) Calculation of the thickness of the 4-cylinder barrel of the foam tank Since the foam cylinder 4 needs to withstand a high-pressure environment during operation and is connected to the flange of the front cover 2 of the foam cylinder, there is a certain friction between the piston 3 and the cylinder during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to use a material with high strength, certain wear resistance and fatigue resistance. Considering the above, 45 steel with excellent mechanical properties and good processability is adopted. Its mechanical properties are shown in Table 2.

[0036]

[0037] As shown in Table 1, the maximum working pressure of the high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device is 30 MPa. Referring to the "Mechanical Design Handbook," the cylinder thickness of foam cylinder 4 can be calculated using formula (1), i.e. (Equation 1) In the formula, - Cylinder pressure resistance test pressure, MPa =1.25p; -Tensile strength of cylinder barrel material, MPa; - Safety factor; - Cylinder inner diameter, mm; - Cylinder wall thickness.

[0038] Substitute p = 30 MPa; =600MPa; D=160mm; With a safety factor of 1.3, we can obtain... 30mm. This means the wall thickness should be at least 30mm. The wall thickness can be taken as... If the wall thickness is 35mm, then the inner diameter of foam cylinder 4 can be calculated to be 160mm and the outer diameter to be 230mm. Since foam cylinder 4 needs to operate under high pressure, the following checks are required after determining the wall thickness: Pressure of complete plastic deformation of cylinder barrel : (Equation 2) In the formula, - The pressure required for complete plastic deformation of the cylinder barrel, MPa; - Yield strength, 355 MPa; - Foam tank outer diameter 4, 230mm; -Foam tank 4 inner diameter, 160mm; Plastic deformation pressure : (Equation 3) In the formula, - Plastic deformation pressure, MPa; - The pressure that causes complete plastic deformation of the cylinder barrel.

[0039] While ensuring the plastic deformation pressure, the rated pressure should also be kept below the limit value to ensure operational safety. (Equation 4) In the formula, - Rated working pressure, MPa; - Yield strength, 355 MPa; - Foam tank outer diameter 4, 230mm; - Foam tank inner diameter 4, 160mm; after calculation, the wall thickness is taken as... The wall thickness of 35mm meets the plastic deformation pressure requirements and the rated working pressure is less than the limit value; therefore, the wall thickness meets the requirement of a working pressure of 30MPa for foam cylinder 4. The structure of foam cylinder 4 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0040] (3) Calculation of the front cover of the foam cylinder 2 Since the connection between the front cover 2 of the foam cylinder and the cylinder barrel of the foam cylinder 4 is a bolt connection, such as Figure 5 As shown in (a), the front cover 2 of the foam cylinder needs to have good mechanical properties, and 45 steel can be used. Its mechanical properties are shown in Table 2. The thickness of the front cover 2 of the foam cylinder is calculated according to formula (5), that is... (Equation 5) In the formula, - Front cover thickness, mm; - Cylinder pressure resistance test pressure, MPa =1.25p; -Tensile strength of cylinder barrel material, MPa; - Safety factor; - Cylinder inner diameter, mm; - Diameter of the oil hole on the front cover, mm.

[0041] Substitute p = 30 MPa; =600MPa; D=160mm; The safety factor is set at 1.3; =12mm, therefore... =41mm, The thickness of the front cover 2 of the foam cylinder is 45mm.

[0042] (4) Calculation of the rear end cover of the foam cylinder 6 Because the connection between the rear end cover 6 of the foam cylinder and the cylinder barrel of the foam cylinder 4 is a welded connection, such as Figure 5 As shown in (b), the rear end cover 6 of the foam cylinder should have good welding performance. 35 steel with good welding performance can be selected as the material for the rear end cover. Its mechanical properties are shown in Table 3.

[0043]

[0044] The thickness of the rear end cap 6 of the foam cylinder is calculated according to formula (6), that is... (Equation 6) In the formula, - Rear end cover thickness, mm; - Cylinder pressure resistance test pressure, MPa =1.25p; -Tensile strength of cylinder barrel material, MPa; - Safety factor; - Cylinder inner diameter, mm; -Diameter of the oil hole on the rear end cover, mm.

[0045] Substitute p = 30 MPa; =530MPa; D=160mm; The safety factor is set at 1.3; =20mm, therefore... =62mm, The thickness of the rear end cover 6 of the foam cylinder is 65mm.

[0046] The injection device 21 includes a high-pressure valve 7 and an injection tube 13, such as Figure 6 As shown; the injection tube 13 needs to withstand a certain strength. The main function of the high-pressure valve 7 is to trigger the valve's instantaneous opening mechanism when the pressure in the foam cylinder reaches a set threshold, and then inject high-pressure foam into the rock fractures. The valve's opening and closing speed is negatively correlated with energy loss; rapid opening can reduce fluid kinetic energy loss, thus being more conducive to rock fracturing. To meet the dual requirements of efficient energy injection and safe pressure bearing, a pneumatically driven ball valve with a straight-through flow channel design is selected. Its simplified fluid channel structure can minimize pressure loss, ensure stable operation of the device under peak working pressure, and significantly improve the efficiency of rock fracture propagation. The pneumatically driven ball valve uses compressed air to drive a pneumatic actuator (such as a cylinder or pneumatic motor) to achieve automated control. It has a fast response speed and is suitable for high-frequency or emergency shut-off operations.

[0047] Based on the working pressure, select the pneumatic ball valve model Q611F-32, whose parameters are shown in Table 4.

[0048]

[0049] Since the injection tube 13 is supported by the sealing tube 16 and needs to inject foam, the injection tube 13 needs to have a certain toughness. Therefore, the material can be 20 steel with high toughness, and its material properties are shown in Table 5.

[0050]

[0051] Calculation of the wall thickness of injection tube 13: The allowable stress is calculated according to formula (7), that is (Equation 7) In the formula, [σ] represents the allowable stress, expressed in MPa. - Yield strength, MPa; n - Safety factor, 2.5.

[0052] Substituting the values, we get [σ] = 98 MPa.

[0053] The wall thickness of injection tube 13 is calculated according to formula (8), that is... (Equation 8) In the formula, t is the wall thickness of the injection tube, in mm; - Inner diameter of the injection tube, mm; - Allowable stress, MPa; -Work pressure, MPa. Substitute. =18mm, =98 MPa =30MPa can be solved to get t=3.35mm, that is, the outer diameter of injection tube 13 can be taken as 24.7mm.

[0054] The applicable conditions for the wall thickness of injection tube 13 are calculated according to formula (9), that is... (Equation 9) In the formula - Injection tube outer diameter 13 mm; -Injection tube inner diameter 13 mm; Based on the above calculations, the wall thickness of injection tube 13 is taken as 4mm, meaning the inner diameter of injection tube 13 is 18mm and the outer diameter is 26mm. Its structure is as follows: Figure 7 .

[0055] The sealing device 20 includes: a sealing cylinder 10, front and rear end caps 8 and 11 of the sealing cylinder, a sealing piston 9, a sealing tube 16, an expansion hose 14, and a base 15, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, its main function is to seal the rock borehole, creating the necessary pressure environment for the subsequent foam expansion and rupture process, ensuring that the expansion and rupture operation is carried out efficiently within a controlled space. The working principle of the sealing device 20 is to add hydraulic oil into the sealing cylinder 10, causing the sealing piston 9 to push the sealing tube 16 axially to push the expansion tube 14 to produce radial deformation, thereby sealing the expansion hole and ultimately forming the required sealed working environment.

[0056] The structure of the sealing cylinder 10 is as follows Figure 9As shown, its main function is to control the reciprocating motion of the sealing piston through pressure. Therefore, its working pressure is less than that of the foam cylinder 4, so the material of the sealing cylinder 10 can be 35 steel. High stability is required between the sealing cylinder 10 and the front cover 8 of the sealing cylinder; therefore, a welded connection is used. Figure 10 As shown in (a); since the sealing cylinder rear end cover 11 has a hole for the sealing tube 16, which needs to be frequently disassembled, the connection between the sealing cylinder rear end cover 11 and the sealing cylinder 10 is a flange connection, the structure of which is as follows. Figure 10 As shown in (b).

[0057] Since the design calculation process of the sealing cylinder 10 is the same as that of the foam cylinder, the structural parameters of the sealing cylinder 10 and the thickness of the front and rear end caps 8 and 11 of the sealing cylinder are shown in Table 6, referring to the design process of the foam cylinder.

[0058]

[0059] The structural diagram of expansion hose 14 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, its main function is to expand radially in the sealing hole and fit tightly against the rock wall to form a sealed environment. Therefore, the expansion tube 14 needs to have good elasticity and sufficient strength to ensure a stable sealing environment inside the rock hole. Therefore, nitrile rubber can be selected as the material for the expansion tube 14. The sealing process is as follows... Figure 12 As shown.

[0060] The main function of the sealing piston 9 is to drive the sealing tube 16 to exert an axial force on the expansion tube 14. Therefore, the sealing piston 9 mainly reciprocates under the push of hydraulic oil. To prevent the piston from clogging the hydraulic oil port and to ensure that the piston is subjected to uniform force, the right end of the sealing piston 9 can be designed as a protruding shape. The structure of the sealing piston 9 is as follows: Figure 13 As shown. This structure not only prevents the sealing piston 9 from blocking the hydraulic oil port when it moves to its limit position, but also provides a certain buffering effect on the end cover when the sealing piston 9 moves to the extreme end of the sealing cylinder 10, thus avoiding excessive impact force on the sealing piston 9 and reducing the structural stability of the high-pressure foam burster.

[0061] The main function of the sealing tube 16 is to cooperate with the sealing piston 9 to apply axial pressure to the expansion tube 14 and to cover the injection tube 13. Based on its main function, the injection tube 13 needs to withstand a certain strength; therefore, the inner diameter of the sealing tube 16 is the same as the outer diameter of the injection tube 13, which is 26mm. The wall thickness design of the sealing tube 16 is the same as that of the injection tube 13. Therefore, referring to the design process of the injection tube 13, the structural parameters of the sealing tube 16 can be obtained, as shown in Table 7. Figure 14 As shown.

[0062]

[0063] The enclosure includes upper and lower housings 5 ​​and 17, and front and rear covers 18 and 12. The upper and lower housings 5 ​​and 17 are detachably and securely connected via the front and rear covers 18 and 12, respectively. Figure 15 As shown. This is used to protect the structural stability of the high-pressure foam bursting device, while also facilitating the assembly and maintenance of internal parts.

[0064] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model patent and are not intended to limit this patent in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this patent shall still fall within the scope of this patent's technical solution.

Claims

1. A high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device, characterized in that, The device includes an energy storage device, a sealing device, an injection device, and a housing. The sealing device includes a sealing cylinder, front and rear end covers of the sealing cylinder, a sealing piston, a sealing tube, an expansion hose, and a base. The front end cover and the rear end cover of the sealing cylinder are fixedly connected to both ends of the sealing cylinder, respectively. A sealing piston matching the inner diameter of the sealing cylinder is installed inside the sealing cylinder, allowing the sealing piston to move smoothly within the cylinder and ensuring sealing. The front end cover and the rear end cover of the sealing cylinder are respectively provided with through holes C and D at their centers for the injection tube to pass through. The injection tube is sequentially fitted with the base, expansion hose, sealing tube, and sealing piston from the injection end. The rear end cover of the sealing cylinder is also provided with a through hole G for adding hydraulic oil into the sealing cylinder.

2. The high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion tube has good elasticity and sufficient strength to ensure that it expands within the sealing aperture and adheres tightly to the rock wall to form a sealed environment.

3. The high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing piston has a convex shape near the injection end.

4. The high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes an accumulator, a foam cylinder, a push piston, and front and rear end covers of the foam cylinder. The foam cylinder is fixedly installed in the upper housing. The front end cover and the rear end cover of the foam cylinder are fixedly connected to the two ends of the foam cylinder to ensure a tight connection. A push piston matching the inner diameter of the foam cylinder is installed inside the foam cylinder, so that the push piston can move smoothly inside the cylinder and ensure sealing. The front end cover of the foam cylinder has a through hole E. The accumulator is fixedly connected to the front end cover of the foam cylinder. Energy is transferred between the accumulator and the foam cylinder through the through hole E. The center of the rear end cover of the foam cylinder has a through hole F to facilitate the flow of foam to the high-pressure valve.

5. The high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection device includes a high-pressure valve and an injection tube. The high-pressure valve controls the flow of high-pressure foam and forms a corresponding fluid path with the foam cylinder and the sealing cylinder. When the pressure inside the energy storage device reaches a preset threshold, the high-pressure valve can open instantaneously, injecting the high-pressure foam medium precisely into the sealed rock borehole through the injection tube, triggering the foam expansion and rupture effect. The inlet end of the high-pressure valve is sealed to the through hole F at the center of the rear end cover of the foam cylinder, so that the foam can only flow to the inlet end of the high-pressure valve through the through hole F. The outlet end of the high-pressure valve is sealed to the through hole C at the center of the front end cover of the sealing cylinder, so that no leakage occurs when the foam passes through. The injection tube is fitted with a base, an expansion tube, a sealing tube, and a sealing piston in sequence from the injection end.

6. The high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing tube covers the injection tube and works in conjunction with the piston to apply axial pressure to the expansion tube. The inner diameter of the sealing tube is the same as the outer diameter of the injection tube.

7. The high-pressure foam expansion and bursting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing includes an upper housing, a lower housing, a front cover, and a rear cover. The upper housing and the lower housing are detachably and fixedly connected by the front cover and the rear cover to protect the structural stability of the high-pressure foam expansion device and facilitate the assembly and maintenance of internal parts. The front cover has a through hole A at its center, through which the accumulator is fixedly connected to the front cover of the foam cylinder to provide energy storage for the device. The rear cover has a through hole B at its center to facilitate the passage of the sealing tube that encloses the injection tube.

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