A long borehole top cutting pressure relief hydraulic jet structure
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522282785.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-10-28
AI Technical Summary
[0004]本实用新型的目的是提供一种长钻孔切顶卸压的水力喷射结构，以解决现有技术中的上述不足之处
[0012]在上述技术方案中，本实用新型提供的长钻孔切顶卸压的水力喷射结构，钻杆的远端设置有水力喷射器，水力喷射器包括环形喷射体以及设置在环形喷射体上的多个喷射孔，多个喷射孔沿环形喷射体的周向依次间隔设置，钻杆的内部设置有高压水通道，钻杆上设置有连接套，连接套上设置有上注水器和下注水器，上注水器和下注水器上均设置有注水结构，在各连接套的两侧均设置有前封隔器和后封隔器，通过在煤矿巷道的顶板上按计算的角度向上钻孔，并在钻孔内通过水力喷射器进行水力切缝形成裂缝面，再在裂缝面的两端封孔、以及对封孔段的压裂处理，从而切断顶板，使顶板垮落，可有效降低顶板压力，保证工作面支架正常推进，还可以使压裂覆盖范围掘进巷道及巷道使用期间均处于低应力区，保证开采的工作人员处于被有效保护的状态，使煤炭开采在安全有序的情况下进行。
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Figure CN224885554U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief. Background Technology
[0002] As coal mining in my country progresses deeper, the stress in the original rock of the mine is relatively high, and the roof above the coal seam is hard and thick, making it difficult to collapse in time during mining. This easily leads to large-area overhangs, causing roadway deformation and preventing the working face supports from advancing normally. The main reasons for roadway instability are twofold: first, the lateral support pressure of the working face increases the stress in the surrounding rock of the drainage roadway, further exacerbating deformation; second, the fracturing and instability of the overlying rock above the goaf also generates additional stress, further increasing the deformation of the drainage roadway. Sudden fracture of the hard roof during mining can cause significant shock pressure on the working face, damaging roadways and mining equipment, and even causing casualties, seriously threatening safe coal mine production. Therefore, it is necessary to segment and relieve pressure on the hard roof to prevent sudden collapse.
[0003] In recent years, coal mining technology has gradually improved, and the most commonly used methods for roof cutting and pressure relief are blasting and drilling. Blasting has several safety hazards and a complex construction process. The vibrations generated during blasting significantly interfere with the surrounding rock in the mining area. Furthermore, if a large amount of explosives is used, the resulting impact can harm gas control at the working face. Using too little explosives fails to achieve the intended effect, and controlling the amount of explosives is difficult. Drilling can place the surrounding rock in a stress-reduced zone, but this method may also expand the plastic zone of the surrounding rock, which is detrimental to roadway maintenance. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic jet structure for long-hole cutting and pressure relief, in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: A hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief includes a drill rod, a hydraulic jetting device at the distal end of the drill rod, the hydraulic jetting device including an annular jetting body and multiple jetting holes arranged on the annular jetting body, the multiple jetting holes being arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the annular jetting body, a high-pressure water channel being provided inside the drill rod, a connecting sleeve being provided on the drill rod, an upper water injector and a lower water injector being provided on the connecting sleeve, both the upper water injector and the lower water injector being provided with water injection structures, and a front packer and a rear packer being provided on both sides of each connecting sleeve.
[0006] In the aforementioned hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief, both the upper and lower water injectors include annular water injection components. The connection port of the annular water injection component is connected to the high-pressure water channel, and a control valve is provided on the connection port.
[0007] The aforementioned hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief includes a plurality of water injection holes, which are arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the annular water injection component.
[0008] In the aforementioned hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief, a sealed sealing section is formed between the front packer and the rear packer, and the connecting sleeve is disposed in the sealing section.
[0009] The aforementioned hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief includes a front packer and a rear packer, each comprising an annular mounting frame and a packer bladder mounted on the annular mounting frame. The annular mounting frame includes an annular plate and a first annular end plate and a second annular end plate mounted at opposite ends of the annular plate.
[0010] In the aforementioned hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief, the annular plate is fixed around the drill rod, the packing bladder is mounted on the annular plate, and the two ends of the packing bladder are connected to the first annular end plate and the second annular end plate, respectively.
[0011] In the aforementioned hydraulic jetting structure for cutting the top and relieving pressure in long boreholes, a liquid injection pipe is installed inside the drill rod, and the liquid injection pipe is connected to the sealing bladder.
[0012] In the above technical solution, the hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief provided by this utility model has a hydraulic jetting device at the far end of the drill rod. The hydraulic jetting device includes an annular jetting body and multiple jetting holes arranged on the annular jetting body. The multiple jetting holes are arranged sequentially and spaced apart along the circumference of the annular jetting body. A high-pressure water channel is provided inside the drill rod. A connecting sleeve is provided on the drill rod. An upper water injector and a lower water injector are provided on the connecting sleeve. Both the upper water injector and the lower water injector are provided with water injection structures. A front packer and a lower water injector are provided on both sides of each connecting sleeve. The rear packer is constructed by drilling holes upwards at a calculated angle into the roof of a coal mine roadway, creating a crack surface through hydraulic cutting using a hydraulic jetting device within the drilled holes, sealing both ends of the crack surface, and fracturing the sealed section. This process cuts off the roof, causing it to collapse. This effectively reduces roof pressure, ensuring the normal advancement of the working face support. It also keeps the fracturing-covered roadway and the roadway in a low-stress zone during its use, ensuring that mining workers are effectively protected and that coal mining can proceed safely and orderly. Attached Figure Description
[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the use of the hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing section provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Coal mine roadway; 11. High-pressure water pump; 12. Drilling rig; 13. Roof; 14. Coal seam; 15. High-pressure pipe; 16. Hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole; 17. Pre-fractured surface; 2. Drill rod; 21. Connecting sleeve; 22. Upper water injector; 23. Lower water injector; 24. Water injection structure; 25. Annular water injection component; 26. Water injection hole; 3. Hydraulic jet; 31. High-pressure water channel; 32. Annular jet body; 33. Jet hole; 4. Sealing section; 41. Front packer; 42. Rear packer; 43. Annular mounting frame; 44. Packer bladder; 45. First annular end plate; 46. Second annular end plate; 47. Injection pipe. Detailed Implementation
[0016] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole top cutting and pressure relief provided by this utility model includes a drill rod 2 and a hydraulic jetting device 3 installed on the drill rod 2. For ease of description, the end of the drill rod 2 away from the coal mine roadway 1 is the far end, and the end of the drill rod 2 close to the coal mine roadway 1 is the near end. The hydraulic jetting device 3 is installed at the far end of the drill rod 2. The hydraulic jetting device 3 is used to perform hydraulic cutting operation in the hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole 16, thereby forming a pre-cracked surface 17. The hydraulic jetting device 3 uses a high-strength annular jetting body 32, with multiple jetting holes 33 spaced around the annular jetting body 32. There are at least 8 jetting holes 33, and the direction of the jetting holes 33 is perpendicular to the axis of the drill rod 2. A high-pressure water channel 31 is set inside the drill rod 2, and a high-pressure water pump 11 is set inside the coal mine roadway 1. The high-pressure water pump 11 is connected to the high-pressure water channel 31 inside the drill rod 2 through a high-pressure pipe 15. In this way, the high-pressure water pump 11 can deliver high-pressure water to the high-pressure water channel 31. The high-pressure water can reach the far end of the annular jetting body 32 along the high-pressure water channel 31 and act on the borehole wall through the jetting holes 33 to hydraulically cut the top plate 13 at the bottom of the target rock layer. By hydraulically cutting the borehole wall around the hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole 16 with the annular jetting body 32 carrying high-pressure water and abrasive sand, the perimeter of the hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole 16 is fractured into a pre-fracturing surface 17 perpendicular to the borehole axis.
[0018] A connecting sleeve 21 is provided on the drill rod 2. The connecting sleeve 21 is fixedly installed on the drill rod 2. An upper water injector 22 and a lower water injector 23 are provided on each connecting sleeve 21. The upper water injector 22 and the lower water injector 23 are used to inject high-pressure water into the hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole 16. The upper water injector 22 and the lower water injector 23 are respectively located at both ends of the connecting sleeve 21. Both the upper water injector 22 and the lower water injector 23 include annular water injection components 25. The connecting sleeve 21 is fixedly connected to the drill rod 2. The annular water injection components 25 are fixedly installed on the connecting sleeve 21. The connection port of the annular water injection components 25 is connected to the high-pressure water channel 31. A control valve is provided on the connection port. Thus, the connection port can be opened or closed by the control valve, which corresponds to the operation of the annular water injection components 25. In actual use, the number of connecting sleeves 21 corresponds to the number of pre-fractured surfaces 17. For example, if there are 3 pre-fractured surfaces 17, then the number of connecting sleeves 21 can also be three. A water injection structure 24 is provided on the annular water injection component 25. The water injection structure 24 includes a plurality of water injection holes 26. The plurality of water injection holes 26 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the water injection structure 24. Water can be injected into the sealing section 4 through the water injection holes 26.
[0019] In this embodiment, a front packer 41 and a rear packer 42 are provided on both sides of each connecting sleeve 21, forming a sealed sealing section 4 between the front packer 41 and the rear packer 42. The connecting sleeve 21 is disposed in the sealing section 4. The number of sealing sections 4 is consistent with the number of pre-fracturing surfaces 17. The front packer 41 and the rear packer 42 include an annular mounting frame 43 and a packer bladder 44 disposed on the annular mounting frame 43. The annular mounting frame 43 includes an annular plate and a first annular end plate 45 and a second annular end plate 46 disposed at opposite ends of the annular plate. The first annular end plate 45 and the second annular end plate 46 have the same size and are both larger than the size of the annular plate. The annular plate is fixed to the outer wall of the hydraulic fracturing pipe by welding. The packer bladder 44 is a high-pressure resistant elastic component. The packer bladder 44 is annularly sleeved on the outside of the annular plate. The annular plate is fixed around the drill pipe 2. 44 is installed on the annular plate. The two ends of the packer 44 are connected to the first annular end plate 45 and the second annular end plate 46, respectively. The drill pipe 2 is provided with a liquid injection pipe 47, which is connected to the packer 44. The packer 44 has a liquid-filled sealing state and a contracted state. When the packer 44 is not filled with liquid, it is in a contracted state, so it does not affect the movement of the drill pipe in the hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole 16. When liquid can be injected into the packer 44 through the liquid injection pipe 47, the packer 44 can be in an expanded liquid-filled sealing state. At this time, a sealing section 4 is formed between the front packer 41 and the rear packer 42.
[0020] The hydraulic jetting structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief provided by this utility model includes a hydraulic jetting device 3 at the far end of the drill rod 2. The hydraulic jetting device 3 includes an annular jetting body 32 and multiple jetting holes 33 arranged on the annular jetting body 32. The multiple jetting holes 33 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the annular jetting body 32. A high-pressure water channel 31 is provided inside the drill rod 2. A connecting sleeve 21 is provided on the drill rod 2. An upper water injector 22 and a lower water injector 23 are provided on the connecting sleeve 21. Both the upper water injector 22 and the lower water injector 23 are provided with water injection structures 24. A front water injection structure 24 is provided on both sides of each connecting sleeve 21. Packers 41 and 42 are used to cut off the roof 13 by drilling holes upward at a calculated angle in the roof 13 of the coal mine roadway 1, forming a crack surface by hydraulic cutting with a hydraulic jetting device 3 in the drilled holes, sealing the two ends of the crack surface, and fracturing the sealed section 4. This effectively reduces the pressure on the roof 13, ensures the normal advancement of the working face support, and keeps the roadway within the fracturing coverage area and the roadway in a low-stress zone during its use. This ensures that the mining workers are effectively protected and that coal mining is carried out safely and orderly.
[0021] The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief provided in this embodiment has the following operating steps during use: S1. Based on the geological conditions of the coal mine working face and the coal seam 14, set the fracturing range, determine the drilling angle and depth, drill holes into the roof 13 of the coal mine roadway 1 through the drilling rig 12, and drill holes multiple times at preset intervals along the roadway's forward direction to obtain multiple parallel hydraulic fracturing pressure relief holes 16. S2. Multiple pre-fractured surfaces 17 are formed around the hydraulic fracturing relief hole 16 by hydraulic cutting using a high-pressure water pump 11, high-pressure water channel 31, and hydraulic jetting device 3. Specifically, the high-pressure water pump 11, high-pressure water channel 31, and hydraulic jetting device 3 hydraulically cut grooves into the top plate 13 at the bottom of the target rock layer, fracturing the area around the borehole to form a pre-fractured surface 17 perpendicular to the borehole axis. Multiple pre-fractured surfaces 17 are formed by hydraulic cutting at multiple preset distances on each hydraulic fracturing relief hole 16, and the spacing between the pre-fractured surfaces 17 can be set as needed.
[0022] S3. Using the pre-sealing packer 41 and the rear packer 42, seal both ends of the pre-fractured surface 17 to form a sealed section 4. Start the equipment and pump high-pressure liquid water or special sealing fluid into the injection pipe 47. After the liquid enters the packer bladder 44, it expands radially until the packer bladder 44 is tightly fitted with the wall of the hydraulic fracturing pressure relief hole 16 to form a sealed cavity. Then, turn off the injection pump. In this way, by sealing both ends of the pre-fractured surface 17 with the pre-sealing packer 41 and the rear packer 42, a sealed section 4 is formed between the two pre-sealing packers 41 and the rear packer 42.
[0023] S4. High-pressure water is injected into each sealing section 4 to cause the pre-fractured surface 17 to expand in a directional manner, thus completing the hydraulic fracturing of the sealing section 4. After sealing the pre-fractured surface 17 at the front and rear positions, high-pressure water flowing from the high-pressure water pump 11 is injected into the pre-fractured surface 17 through the upper water injector 22 and the lower water injector 23 on the drill rod 2, so that the pre-fractured surface on the top plate 13 continues to expand along the tip of the fracture surface, increasing the fracture surface area and the hydraulic fracturing range. When the pump pressure of the high-pressure water pump 11 suddenly drops, water comes out of the adjacent borehole, or the injection time of the sealing section 4 reaches 30 minutes, the high-pressure pump is turned off and the sealing device is depressurized to complete the hydraulic fracturing of the fracture surface.
[0024] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A hydraulic jetting structure for cutting the top and relieving pressure in long boreholes, comprising a drill rod (2), characterized in that, A hydraulic jetting device (3) is provided at the far end of the drill rod (2). The hydraulic jetting device (3) includes an annular jetting body (32) and multiple jetting holes (33) provided on the annular jetting body (32). The multiple jetting holes (33) are arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the annular jetting body (32). A high-pressure water channel (31) is provided inside the drill rod (2). A connecting sleeve (21) is provided on the drill rod (2). An upper water injector (22) and a lower water injector (23) are provided on the connecting sleeve (21). A water injection structure (24) is provided on both the upper water injector (22) and the lower water injector (23). A front packer (41) and a rear packer (42) are provided on both sides of each connecting sleeve (21).
2. The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the upper water injector (22) and the lower water injector (23) include an annular water injector (25). The connection port of the annular water injector (25) is connected to the high-pressure water channel (31), and a control valve is provided on the connection port.
3. The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water injection structure (24) includes a plurality of water injection holes (26), which are arranged sequentially at intervals along the circumference of the annular water injection component (25).
4. The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealed sealing section (4) is formed between the front packer (41) and the rear packer (42), and the connecting sleeve (21) is disposed in the sealing section (4).
5. The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief according to claim 4, characterized in that, The front packer (41) and the rear packer (42) include an annular mounting frame (43) and a packer bladder (44) disposed on the annular mounting frame (43). The annular mounting frame (43) includes an annular plate and a first annular end plate (45) and a second annular end plate (46) disposed at opposite ends of the annular plate.
6. The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief according to claim 5, characterized in that, The annular plate is fixed around the drill rod (2), and the septum (44) is installed on the annular plate. The two ends of the septum (44) are connected to the first annular end plate (45) and the second annular end plate (46) respectively.
7. The hydraulic jet structure for long borehole cutting and pressure relief according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drill pipe (2) is provided with an injection pipe (47) inside, which is connected to the sealing bladder (44).