An annular forging inner diameter measuring device based on optical center positioning

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mechanical manufacturing and precision measurement technology, concretely relates to a ring forging inner diameter measuring device based on optical circle center positioning. The device includes multi-degree-of-freedom mobile bracket system (1), circle center positioning unit (2), data collection system (3). Utilize optical measurement, need not contact work piece, through the method of mirror surface paper - light refraction, realize efficient, high accuracy circle center confirmation, can self - adaptation 0.5~20m range ring forging's size measurement, can be according to the circumference length dozens of hundreds of electric measurement in several minutes, the efficiency is far more than artificial, establishes the full process " size history " for each product, provides key parameter support for realizing intelligent manufacturing and process optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical manufacturing and precision measurement technology, specifically to a device for rapidly and accurately measuring the inner diameter of large ring forgings during hot and cold working processes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, my country's high-end equipment manufacturing sector has placed higher demands on the precision, quality, and cost control of ring forgings. The production of forgings made from materials such as titanium alloys (e.g., TC4 / TA15), high-temperature alloys (e.g., GH141 / GH4169), and various steel forgings (1Cr11Ni2W2MoV / 1Cr12Ni3MoVN) faces key challenges. Ring forgings generate significant residual stress during the forging process, and due to their thin walls, they exhibit significant dimensional changes during heat treatment and machining. Therefore, a large allowance is reserved during forging, leading to material waste, extended processing cycles, and increased costs. Refining the dimensional control of ring forgings is a crucial research project, and extensive measurement of dimensional changes before and after each process is a vital step in constructing a "dimensional change prediction model." This directly affects the judgment of the dimensional change patterns of forgings at different processes and determines the effectiveness of dimensional refinement. Currently, the measurement of ring forgings relies on traditional methods such as measuring tapes and vernier calipers. These methods have the following drawbacks: 1. Inefficient: Contact measurement is time-consuming and labor-intensive (especially large vernier calipers, which are heavy and require three people to work together; slight improper operation can increase measurement errors), making it difficult to achieve fast, full circumference measurement.

[0003] 2. Many factors affect accuracy: Measurement results depend on the operator's experience and skills. At the same time, ring forgings are generally blanks before heat treatment and machining, and there are irregular chamfers, incomplete edges, burrs, bumps and other defects. Measuring tape and vernier calipers cannot directly measure the dimensions of the middle part of the ring forging, which reduces the accuracy of the data.

[0004] 3. Poor adaptability: Traditional measuring devices are difficult to adapt to the measurement of ring forgings of different sizes, especially large sizes. Usually, it is necessary to change the measuring tools with different ranges according to the product specifications.

[0005] 4. Inability to fit and analyze in real time: Measurement data is isolated and difficult to associate with processing steps, making it impossible to form a digital twin of dimensional changes, which is not conducive to process and workflow optimization.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can automatically, quickly, accurately, and adaptably measure the inner diameter of different sizes, especially large-sized ring forgings. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this utility model is: This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies for measuring the inner diameter of ring forgings, such as low efficiency, numerous factors affecting accuracy, poor adaptability, and inability to achieve digital traceability. It provides a ring forging inner diameter measuring device based on optical center positioning.

[0008] Technical solution: A device for measuring the inner diameter of annular forgings based on optical center positioning includes a multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system 1, a center positioning unit 2, and a data collection system 3, wherein... The multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system 1 includes two parallel, vertically retractable zigzag supports 11, two sliders 13, and two slide rails 12. The upper end of each zigzag support 11 has a groove. The first slider engages with the grooves of both zigzag supports 11 to achieve horizontal left-right movement. The second slider is fixed above the first slider, and two parallel slide rails are also provided above the second slider. The second slider engages with the two parallel slide rails to achieve horizontal forward-backward movement. A circular tray 14 is fixed on the two slide rails 12. The center positioning unit 2 includes a laser rangefinder 21 and a reflective component 22 adhered to the inner wall of the forging. The laser rangefinder 21 is fixed on the circular tray 14. The center of the circle is determined by adjusting the circular tray 14 so that the emitted light and the reflected light coincide, wherein at least two diameters are determined, and the intersection of the diameters is the center of the circle. The circular tray 14 can be rotated manually or automatically by adding gears and a motor.

[0009] The data collection system connects the laser rangefinder to a mobile phone or computer via Bluetooth, and aggregates the data from the mobile phone on the data processor for data fitting and analysis.

[0010] Furthermore, the reflective component is a mirror-like sticker with a thickness of no more than 1mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-degree-of-freedom mobile bracket system can move independently in the X, Y, and Z directions, with movement distances of 0–0.8m in the X and Y directions and 0–1.2m in the Z direction. Furthermore, the data collection system stores measurement data of the same workpiece at different processes for comparative analysis or to generate dimensional change trends.

[0012] Furthermore, the laser rangefinder 21 has an accuracy within 0.02mm and a measurement distance of 0.5 to 50m.

[0013] Furthermore, the circular tray 14 rotates at an angle of less than 5° in a single rotation.

[0014] The beneficial effects are: 1. Non-contact and high efficiency: Utilizing electronic measurement, the device can make contact with the workpiece and perform electrical measurements with a circumference of tens or hundreds within minutes, which is far more efficient than manual measurement.

[0015] 2. High precision and self-adaptation: The "mirror paper-light refraction" method enables efficient and high-precision center confirmation, and can adapt to the dimensional measurement of ring forgings within the range of 0.5 to 20m.

[0016] 3. Automation and Digitalization: The measurement process is driven by a motor, eliminating human error and generating digital reports to establish a full-process "dimensional history" for each product, providing key parameter support for achieving intelligent manufacturing and process optimization.

[0017] 4. Functional integration: One device integrates multiple functions such as positioning, measurement, scanning and analysis, reducing equipment investment and operational complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of a ring forging inner diameter measuring device based on optical center positioning; Figure 2 This is a front view of the measuring device; Figure 3 This is a side view of the measuring device; Figure 4 This is a top view of the measuring device.

[0019] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a measuring device measuring a product.

[0020] Figure 6 A top view of the product being measured by the measuring device.

[0021] Among them, the free-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system 1, the center positioning unit 2, the data collection system 3, the zigzag bracket 11, the slide rail 12, the slider 13, the circular tray 14, the laser rangefinder 21, and the reflective component 22. Detailed Implementation

[0022] like Figure 1-6 A ring forging inner diameter measuring device based on optical center positioning includes a multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system 1, a center positioning unit 2, and a data collection system 3. The multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system 1 includes two parallel, vertically telescopic zigzag supports 11, two sliders 13, and two slide rails 12. The upper end of each zigzag support 11 has a groove. A first slider simultaneously engages with the grooves of both zigzag supports 11 to achieve horizontal left-right movement. A second slider is fixed above the first slider, and two parallel slide rails are simultaneously arranged above the second slider. The second slider engages with the two parallel slide rails to achieve horizontal forward-backward movement. A circular tray 14 is fixed on the two slide rails 12. The center positioning unit 2 includes a laser rangefinder 21 and a reflective component 22 adhered to the inner wall of the forging. The laser rangefinder 21 is fixed on the circular tray 14. The center of the circle is determined by adjusting the circular tray 14 so that the emitted light and the reflected light coincide, wherein at least two diameters are determined, and the intersection of the diameters is the center of the circle. The circular tray 14 can be rotated manually or automatically by adding gears and a motor.

[0023] The data collection system connects the laser rangefinder to a mobile phone or computer via Bluetooth, and aggregates the data from the mobile phone on the data processor for data fitting and analysis.

[0024] The center positioning unit determines the circular position by finding the intersection of two or more diameters.

[0025] The reflective component is a mirror sticker with a thickness not exceeding 1mm.

[0026] The multi-degree-of-freedom mobile bracket system includes a bracket that can move independently in the X, Y, and Z directions. The bracket needs to be moved manually, with a movement distance of 0 to 0.8m in the X and Y directions and 0 to 1.2m in the Z direction. The data collection system can store measurement data of a uniform workpiece at different processes, which can be used for comparative analysis or to generate dimensional change trends.

[0027] 1. Multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system: This system includes a base and a bracket mounted on the base that can move independently left and right (X-axis), forward and backward (Y-axis), and up and down (Z-axis). This bracket system enables the measuring unit to move within a certain spatial range to accommodate ring forgings of different diameters and heights.

[0028] 2. Center Positioning Unit: Installed on a rotating disk at the end of the bracket. Its core is an optical rangefinder (preferably a laser rangefinder capable of simultaneous emission from both ends, with an accuracy within 0.02mm and a measurement distance of 0.5–50m). Before measurement, the operator must temporarily attach reflective paper to at least two non-collinear points on the inner wall of the annular forging. The optical rangefinder emits a measuring beam towards the reflective paper. Utilizing the principle of light reflection, the bracket is moved until the reflected beam coincides with the emitted beam, confirming this as one of the diameters. The above operation is repeated; the intersection of the two diameters is the circle.

[0029] 3. Automatic Rotation Scanning Unit: Includes a servo motor and a gear transmission mechanism. The servo motor drives the rotating disk and the optical rangefinder on it. After positioning the center, the rangefinder rotates 360° at a fixed angle around the center. During the rotation, the optical rangefinder continuously collects distance data Φ(θ) on the inner wall surface of the annular forging, where θ is the rotation angle.

[0030] 4. Data processing system: including PLC or industrial computer. It is used to: receive raw data from the optical rangefinder; The collected data is fitted to obtain dimensional information such as the roundness, maximum / minimum diameter, and average diameter of the inner wall of the annular forging; During the measurement process, an alarm can be issued if the upper / lower limit is exceeded according to the pre-set upper / lower limit requirements, reminding the measurement personnel that the current forging may have dimensional non-compliance and should be dealt with in a timely manner. The measurement results are linked to the workpiece task number and process, stored, and a report is generated to form a dimensional change history archive.

[0031] The measurement method includes the following steps: Step 1: Initial coarse positioning: First, place the optically centered annular forging inner diameter measuring device in the central area of ​​the annular forging.

[0032] Step Two: Precise Positioning of the Center: a. Select at least two measuring points on the inner wall of the ring forging and attach mirror-reflective paper.

[0033] b. Turn on the optical rangefinder and aim at the first mirror paper. Using the principle of light refraction, adjust the slider of the X-axis or Y-axis (only one axis needs to be adjusted at a time) to make the emitted light and the refracted light coincide, thus determining the first line of sight. At the same time, fix the slider being adjusted.

[0034] c. Rotate the disk to aim at the second mirror paper, and repeat the above operation. The intersection of the two diameters is the center of the circle.

[0035] Step 3: Scanning Measurement: Start the servo motor to drive the optical rangefinder to rotate at a constant speed around the center. The optical rangefinder collects data once for each fixed rotation angle, and the collected data is uploaded to the connected host computer.

[0036] Step 4: The data system fits and compares the collected data, issues an alarm when the upper / lower limit is exceeded, calculates the size parameters, and outputs them as visual charts and reports.

[0037] In step three, the fixed angle is 5°, the total rotation is 360°, and the number of points collected in a single session is no less than 72.

[0038] Example 1 A certain ring forging, made of TC4-DT material, has dimensions of Φ2200mm × Φ1980mm × 235mm. Measuring this forging using calipers requires 2-3 people working together simultaneously, making data collection difficult. Slight operational errors can increase measurement errors. The following method is used to measure this forging using a measuring device: Step 1: Initial coarse positioning: First, place the optically centered annular forging inner diameter measuring device in the central area of ​​the annular forging.

[0039] Step 2: Precise positioning of the center: Select at least two measurement points on the inner wall of the ring forging and attach mirror-reflective paper. Turn on the optical rangefinder and aim at the first mirror-reflective paper. Utilizing the principle of light refraction, adjust the X-axis or Y-axis slider (adjusting only one axis at a time) to make the emitted light and refracted light coincide, thus determining the first measurement point. Simultaneously, fix the adjusted slider. Rotate the disc to aim at the second mirror-reflective paper and repeat the above operation. The intersection of the two diameters is the center of the circle. Step 3: Scanning Measurement: Start the servo motor to drive the optical rangefinder to rotate uniformly around the center. Each time the rangefinder rotates by an angle, it collects data and uploads the collected data to the connected host computer.

[0040] Step 4: The data system fits and compares the collected data, issues an alarm when the upper / lower limit is exceeded, calculates the size parameters, and outputs them as visual charts and reports.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the inner diameter of annular forgings based on optical center positioning, characterized in that, It includes a multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system (1), a center positioning unit (2), and a data collection system (3), wherein, The multi-degree-of-freedom moving bracket system (1) includes two parallel vertically telescopic zigzag supports (11), two sliders (13), and two slide rails (12). The upper end of the zigzag support (11) is provided with a sliding groove. The first slider cooperates with the sliding grooves of the two zigzag supports (11) to achieve horizontal left and right movement. The second slider is fixed above the first slider. Two parallel slide rails are provided above the second slider. The second slider cooperates with the two parallel slide rails to achieve horizontal forward and backward movement. The circular tray (14) is fixed on the two slide rails (12). The center positioning unit (2) includes a laser rangefinder (21) and a reflective component (22) attached to the inner wall of the forging. The laser rangefinder (21) is fixed on the circular tray (14). The center of the circle is determined by adjusting the circular tray (14) so ​​that the emitted light and the reflected light coincide, wherein at least two diameters are determined and the intersection of the diameters is the center of the circle; The circular tray (14) can be rotated manually or automatically by adding gears and a motor. The data collection system connects the laser rangefinder to a mobile phone or computer via Bluetooth, and aggregates the data from the mobile phone on the data processor for data fitting and analysis.

2. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflective component is a mirror-like sticker with a thickness of no more than 1mm.

3. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-degree-of-freedom mobile bracket system can move independently in the X, Y, and Z directions, with a movement distance of 0 to 0.8m in the X and Y directions and 0 to 1.2m in the Z direction.

4. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data collection system stores measurement data of the same workpiece at different processes, which can be used for comparative analysis or to generate dimensional change trends.

5. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser rangefinder (21) has an accuracy of less than 0.02 mm and a measurement distance of 0.5 to 50 m.

6. The measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circular tray (14) rotates at an angle of less than 5° in a single rotation.

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