An intelligent monitoring system for seeding quality based on photoelectric sensing technology

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on photoelectric sensing technology's sowing quality intelligent monitoring system, belong to agricultural machinery technical field.The system includes seed tube sensor, monitor host and alarm.The seed tube sensor is installed on the seed tube of sowing machine, for detecting seed falling signal;The monitor host receives sensor signal, calculates sowing data by analyzing adjacent seed falling time interval, and intelligently judges the fault of missing sowing and re-sowing;The alarm issues sound and light alarm according to the instruction of host.The application combines laser sensing technology with intelligent algorithm, effectively overcomes the defects that traditional monitoring mode is susceptible to environmental interference and has high false alarm rate, realizes the accurate monitoring of sowing process, real-time fault alarm and operation data statistics, significantly improves sowing operation quality and intelligent level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically relating to a system for monitoring the operation quality and diagnosing faults of seeding machinery, and in particular, an intelligent monitoring device integrating sensor technology, signal processing, and alarm prompts. Background Technology

[0002] Sowing is a crucial step in agricultural production, and its quality directly affects crop emergence rate and final yield. Real-time monitoring of the sowing process to promptly detect problems such as missed sowing or blockages is an important means of ensuring the quality of sowing operations. Traditional manual inspection methods are inefficient and unreliable, and cannot adapt to the large-scale, high-speed nature of modern sowing operations.

[0003] Currently, most existing seeding monitoring devices on the market use mechanical contacts or simple photoelectric sensors as detection units. These traditional monitoring methods have significant limitations: mechanical contact sensors are prone to wear and jamming, and can interfere with the seed's descent path; simple photoelectric sensors are easily affected by field dust, vibration, and changes in light, resulting in high false alarm and missed alarm rates. Furthermore, existing monitoring devices are functionally limited, typically only providing simple "on / off" alarms, unable to distinguish fault types (such as missed sowing or reseeding), and unable to count the number of seeds sown or calculate the plant spacing compliance rate, among other key operational indicators. Their alarm methods are also mostly limited to indicator lights or buzzers, which are not easily detected by drivers in noisy field environments, leading to delayed fault detection and affecting operational quality.

[0004] Comprehensive analysis reveals that existing seeding monitoring technologies suffer from inherent shortcomings, including poor anti-interference capabilities, low detection accuracy, limited functionality, and unfriendly human-machine interaction. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent monitoring system capable of accurately identifying the fall of each seed, effectively eliminating environmental interference, intelligently diagnosing fault types, and providing clear and intuitive alerts to the driver. This system would meet the high-quality and high-reliability monitoring requirements of modern precision agriculture for seeding operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing sowing monitoring technologies, such as poor anti-interference capabilities, limited functionality, and low levels of intelligence, by providing an intelligent sowing quality monitoring system. This invention aims to solve core problems in sowing operations, such as untimely fault detection, inaccurate monitoring data, and unfriendly human-machine interaction. Specifically, the purpose of this invention is: 1. A monitoring system with high detection accuracy and strong anti-interference ability is provided, which can accurately identify the falling state of each seed and effectively eliminate interference from field dust, vibration and light changes.

[0006] 2. Provide a system with intelligent diagnostic function, which can accurately distinguish fault types such as missed broadcasts and replays, and calculate key operation indicators in real time, surpassing the traditional simple on / off alarm.

[0007] 3. Provide a system that integrates data recording and remote communication functions to provide data support for precision agricultural management and big data analysis of operations.

[0008] 4. Provide a system with clear alarm prompts and convenient operation to improve the human-machine interaction experience and ensure that the driver can detect and handle faults in a timely manner.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A smart monitoring system for sowing quality based on photoelectric sensing technology is installed on a seeder. The system includes: At least one seed guide sensor is installed on the seed guide of the seeder to detect the seed falling signal; The monitor host is electrically connected to the seed guide tube sensor and is used to receive and process the seed falling signal. The monitor host has a preset standard plant spacing parameter and can calculate the actual plant spacing and identify missed seeding and reseeding faults based on the continuous seed falling signal. An alarm device, electrically connected to the monitor host, is used to issue an alarm signal according to the instructions of the host. A power interface for providing power to the system.

[0010] Furthermore, the seed guide sensor is a through-beam photoelectric sensor that uses a low-power laser light source.

[0011] Furthermore, the monitor host includes a display unit, a processing unit, and a storage unit; the display unit is used to display at least one of the following in real time: seed count, operating speed, and alarm information; the processing unit is used to perform signal processing and fault diagnosis; and the storage unit is used to store operating data.

[0012] Furthermore, the fault judgment logic of the monitor host includes: when the time interval between the falling of two adjacent seeds is greater than a first preset threshold, it is determined to be a missed seeding; when the time interval is less than a second preset threshold, it is determined to be a replay.

[0013] Furthermore, the first preset threshold is 0.3 seconds or 0.5 seconds.

[0014] Furthermore, the alarm is an audible and visual alarm, and its alarm modes include at least one of voice prompts, buzzer sounds, and indicator light flashing.

[0015] Furthermore, the system also includes a communication interface for sending the seeding data calculated by the monitor host to an external IoT monitoring platform.

[0016] Furthermore, the sowing data includes at least one of the following: number of seeds sown, missed sowing rate, reseeding rate, operating speed, and operating area.

[0017] Furthermore, the monitor host is also equipped with a one-key reset button, which is used to reset the seeding count and working area data to zero.

[0018] Furthermore, the seed tube sensor, monitor host, and alarm are connected via waterproof connectors and waterproof cables.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality provided by this invention has the following significant advantages: 1. High monitoring accuracy and strong anti-interference ability: By adopting a low-power laser sensor and intelligent recognition algorithm, it effectively overcomes the defects of traditional mechanical or ordinary photoelectric sensors that are easily affected by dust and vibration, making the detection of seed falling more accurate and reliable, and greatly reducing the false alarm rate and missed alarm rate.

[0020] 2. Rich in functions and highly intelligent: It not only realizes fault alarm, but also can intelligently distinguish fault types (missed broadcast, rebroadcast), and calculate and display multiple key operation indicators in real time (such as plant spacing qualification rate, operation area, etc.), providing drivers with comprehensive and accurate operation information, realizing a leap from "existence" judgment to "quality" analysis.

[0021] 3. User-friendly human-machine interaction and efficient alarm: The combination of multiple alarm modes, including sound, light, and voice, provides intuitive and clear alarm information, ensuring that drivers can detect specific faults in specific routes as soon as possible, greatly shortening fault response time and reducing losses caused by missed alarms.

[0022] 4. High scalability, conducive to precision agricultural management: The built-in communication interface can upload detailed operation data to the cloud platform, providing data support and decision-making basis for farm managers, realizing the visual management and big data analysis of sowing operations, which is in line with the development direction of smart agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are schematic diagrams used to clearly illustrate the structure, connection relationships, and working principle of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the actual shape, size, or proportion of the product.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a system connection and principle block diagram of the intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the seed tube sensor on the seed tube; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the monitor host's appearance and interface; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the system's installation on the seeder; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 910 - Monitor host, 911 - LCD screen, 912 - Function key, 913 - One-key reset button, 914 - Power switch, 915 - Power indicator light, 916 - Alarm indicator light, 917 - Seed drop indicator light, 918 - Communication interface, 920 - Alarm, 921 - LED indicator light, 930 - Seed guide tube sensor, 931 - Signal line, 940 - Power supply, Power cord - 941, 430 - Seed guide tube. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the technical solution of the present invention. This description is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and reproduce the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of its protection.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-4 This is a preferred embodiment of the intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality based on photoelectric sensing technology of the present invention, mainly including a seed guide tube sensor 930, a monitor host 910, an alarm 920, and a power interface 940 for powering the entire system. The seed guide tube sensor 930 transmits the detected seed falling pulse signal to the monitor host 910 via a signal line. After processing and analyzing the signal, the monitor host 910 controls the alarm 920 to operate based on the judgment result. The entire system is powered by the power supply 940, which is connected to the power interface of the monitor host 910 via a power cable 941. The seed guide tube sensor 930 is the sensing unit of the system. The number of seed guide tube sensors 930 is equal to the number of rows in the seeder; one sensor is installed on the seed guide tube 430 of each sowing unit. During installation, a pair of coaxial and opposite mounting holes are drilled in the wall of the seed guide tube 430. The transmitting and receiving ends of the sensor are fixed in the holes, ensuring that their optical paths are perfectly aligned, thereby forming a stable laser monitoring screen inside the seed guide tube. The sensor preferably uses a 650nm visible red laser diode as its light source. Its advantages include a small beam divergence angle, concentrated energy, and the ability to form a clear detection cross-section. Furthermore, the red light spot facilitates optical path calibration during installation and debugging. The sensor integrates a signal conditioning circuit that converts the light intensity change caused by seeds blocking the laser into a regular 5V TTL level pulse signal, which is transmitted to the monitor host 910 via signal line 931. The sensor housing is made of engineering plastic, providing excellent sealing and effectively preventing dust and moisture intrusion, ensuring long-term stable operation in harsh field environments.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, the monitor host 910 is the intelligent processing center of this system, typically installed in the tractor cab for easy observation and operation by the driver. Its hardware core is a microcontroller unit (MCU) based on an ARM Cortex-M series core, which is responsible for running all the system's control logic and algorithms. The host's outer panel features an LCD screen 911, used to display real-time seed count for each row, current operating speed, completed area, missed seed alarm information, and system status. The panel also includes a power switch 914, a power indicator light 915, an alarm indicator light 916, a seed drop indicator light 917, and several other buttons 912, including a menu selection button, a confirmation button, and a crucial one-key reset button 913. The host's internal memory (Flash) stores preset agronomic parameters (such as row spacing and target plant spacing) and historical operation data.

[0028] The core of the monitor host 910 lies in its embedded intelligent diagnostic algorithm. During system initialization, the user needs to set the correct row spacing value via buttons. The algorithm is based on calculating the time interval (Δt) between the fall of two adjacent seeds. The system automatically calculates a theoretical time interval threshold (T = L / V) based on the set target plant spacing (L) and the real-time collected operating speed (V). Based on this, the algorithm sets two dynamically changing threshold ranges: a missed seed detection threshold (e.g., 1.5T - 2T) and a re-seeding detection threshold (e.g., 0.3T - 0.5T). The processing unit continuously monitors the pulse signals from each sensor channel. When Δt of a certain channel is greater than the missed seed detection threshold, the system determines that a missed seed has occurred in that row, immediately displays a missed seed icon on the screen corresponding to the row number, and initiates an alarm process; if Δt is less than the re-seeding detection threshold, it is determined to be a re-seeding, and the data is recorded and displayed. In addition, the system also has an "automatic alarm stop" logic: when a line has no signal for a certain period of time (such as 20 seconds), the algorithm will intelligently assume that the unit is in the turning phase rather than a fault, and thus automatically stop the alarm for that line to avoid false alarms interfering with the driver.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the alarm 920 is installed in a prominent position on the seeder. The alarm 920 is connected to the output port of the monitor host 910 and is preferably an audible and visual alarm integrating a high-brightness LED light, a high-decibel buzzer, and a voice module. It receives command codes sent by the host and executes corresponding alarm actions. The alarm employs a tiered strategy: when a missed seed occurs, the alarm will activate an audible and visual alarm (flashing red light and sounding buzzer), while the voice module will play a clear prompt tone indicating "missed seed in row X," guiding the driver to accurately locate the fault. All alarm signals will continue until the fault is resolved. The alarm should be installed in a prominent position, such as above the dashboard or on the A-pillar, to ensure that its audible and visual effects are easily perceived by the driver.

[0030] Furthermore, the monitor host 910 also reserves a communication interface 918, which typically adopts RS485 or CAN bus protocols. Through this interface, the host can package and send rich data calculated in real time, such as the number of seeds sown per row, the number of missed sowings, the number of reseedings, the real-time operation speed, and the cumulative operation area, to an external IoT gateway or vehicle-mounted intelligent terminal, and finally upload it to the cloud platform, providing underlying data support for the digitalization and intelligentization of farm management.

[0031] The system is powered by the tractor's 12V or 24V onboard battery. The power interface connects to the monitor host 910, which internally houses a DC-DC power conversion module and overvoltage / overcurrent protection circuits, providing a stable and reliable operating voltage for itself, the sensors, and the alarm. All external connections, including sensor cables, alarm cables, and power cords, are connected to the host via waterproof connectors, ensuring the reliability and durability of the entire system in humid and dusty environments.

[0032] As can be seen from the detailed description of each component above, this utility model successfully constructs a high-performance, high-reliability intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality by combining high-precision photoelectric sensing technology, intelligent signal processing algorithms, and clear multi-mode human-computer interaction. It effectively solves the pain points of traditional monitoring methods, such as poor accuracy, high false alarm rate, and limited functionality, providing indispensable technical support for achieving precision sowing and smart agriculture, and possesses good application value and market prospects.

Claims

1. A seeding quality intelligent monitoring system based on photoelectric sensing technology, installed on a seeder, characterized in that, include: At least one seed tube sensor (930) is installed on the seed tube of the seeder to detect the seed falling signal; The monitor host (910) is electrically connected to the seed guide tube sensor (930) and is used to receive and process the seed falling signal. The monitor host (910) has a preset standard plant spacing parameter and can calculate the actual plant spacing and identify missed sowing and re-sowing faults based on the continuous seed falling signal. An alarm (920) is electrically connected to the monitor host (910) and is used to issue an alarm signal according to the instructions of the host. A power interface for providing power to the system.

2. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed guide sensor (930) is a through-beam photoelectric sensor that uses a low-power laser light source.

3. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitor host (910) includes a display unit, a processing unit, and a storage unit; the display unit is used to display at least one of the following in real time: seed number, operating speed, and alarm information; the processing unit is used to perform signal processing and fault diagnosis; and the storage unit is used to store operating data.

4. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fault judgment logic of the monitor host (910) includes: when the time interval between the falling of two adjacent seeds is greater than a first preset threshold, it is determined to be a missed seeding; when the time interval is less than a second preset threshold, it is determined to be a re-seeding.

5. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first preset threshold is 0.3 seconds or 0.5 seconds.

6. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm (920) is an audible and visual alarm, and its alarm modes include at least one of voice prompts, buzzer sounds, and indicator light flashing.

7. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a communication interface for sending the seeding data calculated by the monitor host (910) to an external Internet of Things monitoring platform.

8. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sowing data includes at least one of the following: number of seeds sown, missed sowing rate, reseeding rate, operating speed, and operating area.

9. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitor host (910) is also equipped with a one-key reset button, which is used to reset the seeding count and working area data to zero.

10. The intelligent monitoring system for sowing quality according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The seed tube sensor (930), the monitor host (910), and the alarm (920) are connected by waterproof connectors and waterproof cables.

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