A detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass in rock mass shearing test

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of detection mechanism of rock mass vertical and horizontal displacement in rock mass shear test, it is related to rock mechanics property test technical field, including main structure, the outer surface of main structure is provided with protective structure, the normal displacement sensor and horizontal displacement sensor body are protected by being set protective shell, avoid being smashed by high-speed spatter's fragment, the measuring rod head of normal displacement sensor and horizontal displacement sensor is protected by supporting plate, connecting rod, protective baffle, push plate, telescopic link, protection spring, fixed plate cooperation use, avoid rock mass test piece shear displacement out of range, lead to measuring rod head be extruded bending or crash, by push rod, trigger rubber block and trigger switch cooperation use, when exceeding the protection range of protective structure, push rod drives trigger rubber block to press trigger switch, vertical hydraulic cylinder and horizontal hydraulic cylinder emergency shutdown, avoid further damage to normal displacement sensor and horizontal displacement sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of rock mechanical property testing technology, and in particular to a detection mechanism for the vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass in rock mass shear tests. Background Technology

[0002] Rocks, as an important component of the Earth's crust, are widely present in various natural environments and engineering structures. Their mechanical behavior and stability have a significant impact on engineering construction, resource development, and natural disaster prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the mechanical properties of rocks and the engineering stability of rock masses. In the direct shear test of rock mass structural planes, it is necessary to detect the horizontal and vertical displacement of rock mass samples.

[0003] In existing rock mass shear tests, the displacement sensors in the vertical and horizontal displacement detection devices of rock mass require protection during operation. When the rock mass undergoes brittle fracture, fragments may be ejected at high speed or the shear displacement may exceed the measurement range, causing the displacement sensor probe head to be squeezed, bent, or destroyed, rendering it unusable. Furthermore, each time a different sized shear box or specimen is replaced, the sensor needs to be disassembled, repositioned, and reinstalled. This process is highly dependent on the operator's experience, making it difficult to ensure that the contact state, angle, and preload between the sensor probe and the bearing plate or the outer wall of the shear box are completely consistent after two adjustments. This may lead to abnormal data and reduce the reliability of the measurement. Therefore, a detection mechanism for the vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass in rock mass shear tests is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the need for protection of displacement sensors during operation, the risk of high-speed fragmentation or excessive shear displacement during brittle rock fracture, which can cause the sensor probe to bend or break, rendering it unusable. Furthermore, each time a different sized shear box or specimen is replaced, the sensor needs to be disassembled, repositioned, and reinstalled, a process heavily reliant on operator experience. It is difficult to guarantee that the contact state, angle, and preload between the sensor probe and the bearing plate or shear box outer wall are completely consistent after two adjustments, potentially leading to data anomalies and reduced measurement reliability. Therefore, this invention proposes a mechanism for detecting the vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass during rock shear tests.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass includes a main structure, and a protective structure is provided on the outer surface of the main structure; The main structure includes a base, a mounting bracket fixedly connected to the top of the base, a servo motor fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting bracket, a first threaded rod fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor, a first movable seat threadedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod, a normal displacement sensor fixedly connected to the bottom of the first movable seat, a driving bevel gear fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod near the servo motor, a driven bevel gear meshing with the outer surface of the driving bevel gear, a second threaded rod fixedly connected to the bottom of the driven bevel gear, a second movable seat threadedly connected to the outer surface of the second threaded rod, and a horizontal displacement sensor fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second movable seat. The protective structure includes a protective shell. Support plates are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the upper and lower ends of the protective shell. Two connecting rods are slidably connected inside the support plates. Protective baffles are fixed to the outer walls of one end of each of the two connecting rods. A push plate is fixedly connected to the end of each connecting rod away from the protective baffle. Two telescopic rods are fixedly connected to the end of each push plate away from the connecting rods. Protective springs are sleeved on the outer surfaces of the two telescopic rods. A fixing plate is fixedly connected to the end of each telescopic rod away from the push plate. A push rod is slidably connected inside the fixing plate. The top of the push rod is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the push plate. A trigger rubber block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the push rod. Limiting blocks can be set on the outer surfaces of the first and second threaded rods to limit the movement distance of the first and second moving seats, while also ensuring the meshing of the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear.

[0006] Furthermore, a shearing box is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper surface of the base, and a rock mass specimen is set inside the shearing box. The shearing box can be replaced according to the shape and size of the rock mass specimen.

[0007] Furthermore, a vertical hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the mounting bracket, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the end of the inner wall of the mounting bracket away from the horizontal displacement sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, a normal bearing plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder, and a horizontal bearing plate is fixedly installed at the output end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. Both the normal bearing plate and the horizontal bearing plate are in contact with the outer surface of the rock mass specimen.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner wall of the mounting frame is provided with a movable groove, and the first threaded rod, the first movable seat, the second threaded rod and the second movable seat are all disposed in the movable groove. The first threaded rod and the second threaded rod are rotatably connected to the mounting frame through bearings, and the movable groove has a guiding function for the first movable seat and the second movable seat.

[0010] Furthermore, a trigger switch is fixedly connected to the upper and lower outer walls of the protective shell at the end away from the protective baffle. The trigger switch is electrically connected to the vertical hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. The two trigger switches are respectively connected to the vertical hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder. Pressing the trigger switch can shut down the vertical hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder in an emergency.

[0011] Furthermore, the normal bearing plate and the horizontal bearing plate are of equal size and slightly larger than the upper surface of the rock mass specimen, so that the rock mass specimen is subjected to uniform compression and the shear test is completed better.

[0012] Furthermore, the top of the protective spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the push plate, and the bottom of the protective spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed plate.

[0013] This utility model has the following beneficial effects: In this application, a protective outer shell is used to protect the normal and horizontal displacement sensors from damage caused by high-speed fragments. A support plate, connecting rod, protective baffle, push plate, telescopic rod, protective spring, and fixing plate work together to protect the probe heads of the normal and horizontal displacement sensors, preventing them from being squeezed, bent, or destroyed when the shear displacement of the rock mass specimen exceeds its range. A push rod, trigger rubber block, and trigger switch work together; when the protection range of the structure is exceeded, the push rod drives the trigger rubber block to press the trigger switch, immediately shutting down the vertical and horizontal hydraulic cylinders to prevent further damage to the normal and horizontal displacement sensors.

[0014] In this practical application, a shearing test is conducted on a rock mass specimen by using a shearing box, a vertical hydraulic cylinder, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, a normal bearing plate, a horizontal bearing plate, a normal displacement sensor, and a horizontal displacement sensor in combination. This test applies vertical and horizontal loads to the specimen and detects its vertical and horizontal displacements. A mounting frame, a servo motor, a first threaded rod, a first moving seat, a driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a second thread, and a second moving seat work together to synchronously adjust the normal and horizontal displacement sensors. This avoids the discrepancies in position, angle, and preload caused by manual adjustments, which could lead to data anomalies. It ensures the consistency of the sensor positioning after each tooling change, thus improving the reliability of the measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rock mass shearing test detection mechanism proposed in this utility model, which measures the vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the protective structure used in this application. Figure 4This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure in this practical application.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Main structure; 101. Base; 102. Mounting bracket; 103. Servo motor; 104. First threaded rod; 105. First moving seat; 106. Normal displacement sensor; 107. Driving bevel gear; 108. Driven bevel gear; 109. Second threaded rod; 110. Second moving seat; 111. Horizontal displacement sensor; 112. Shear box; 113. Rock mass specimen; 114. Vertical hydraulic cylinder; 115. Horizontal hydraulic cylinder; 116. Normal bearing plate; 117. Horizontal bearing plate; 2. Protective structure; 201. Protective shell; 202. Support plate; 203. Connecting rod; 204. Protective baffle; 205. Push plate; 206. Telescopic rod; 207. Protective spring; 208. Fixing plate; 209. Push rod; 210. Trigger rubber block; 211. Trigger switch. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0018] Example 1, as Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, the present invention proposes a detection mechanism for the vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass in a rock mass shear test, comprising a main structure 1, and a protective structure 2 provided on the outer surface of the main structure 1; The main structure 1 includes a base 101, a mounting bracket 102 fixedly connected to the top of the base 101, a servo motor 103 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting bracket 102, a first threaded rod 104 fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 103, a first movable seat 105 threadedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod 104, a normal displacement sensor 106 fixedly connected to the bottom of the first movable seat 105, a driving bevel gear 107 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod 104 near the servo motor 103, a driven bevel gear 108 meshing with the outer surface of the driving bevel gear 107, a second threaded rod 109 fixedly connected to the bottom of the driven bevel gear 108, a second movable seat 110 threadedly connected to the outer surface of the second threaded rod 109, and a horizontal displacement sensor 111 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second movable seat 110.

[0019] A shear box 112 is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper surface of the base 101, and a rock mass specimen 113 is placed inside the shear box 112.

[0020] A vertical hydraulic cylinder 114 is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the mounting bracket 102, and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 115 is fixedly connected to the end of the inner wall of the mounting bracket 102 away from the horizontal displacement sensor 111.

[0021] A normal bearing plate 116 is fixedly installed at the output end of the vertical hydraulic cylinder 114, and a horizontal bearing plate 117 is fixedly installed at the output end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 115. Both the normal bearing plate 116 and the horizontal bearing plate 117 are in contact with the outer surface of the rock mass specimen 113.

[0022] The inner wall of the mounting bracket 102 is provided with a moving groove. The first threaded rod 104, the first moving seat 105, the second threaded rod 109, and the second moving seat 110 are all arranged in the moving groove. The first threaded rod 104 and the second threaded rod 109 are rotatably connected to the mounting bracket 102 through bearings.

[0023] The normal bearing plate 116 and the horizontal bearing plate 117 are of equal size and slightly larger than the upper surface of the rock mass specimen 113.

[0024] In this embodiment, the rock mass specimen 113 is placed inside the shear box 112, and the vertical hydraulic cylinder 114 and horizontal hydraulic cylinder 115 are driven to move the normal bearing plate 116 and horizontal bearing plate 117 to adhere to the outer surface of the rock mass specimen 113. Then, the probe head of the normal displacement sensor 106 is attached to the top of the normal bearing plate 116, and the probe head of the horizontal displacement sensor 117 is attached to the outer wall of the shear box 112. Vertical and horizontal loads are then applied to the rock mass specimen 113 by the vertical hydraulic cylinder 114 and horizontal hydraulic cylinder 115 to achieve rock mass shearing. During the shearing process, the normal displacement sensor 106 and horizontal displacement sensor 117 measure the horizontal and vertical displacements of the rock mass specimen 113 by measuring its displacement data, thus improving the accuracy of the rock mass displacement measurement data. When different sizes and models of shear boxes 112 are replaced... By starting the servo motor 103, the first threaded rod 104 is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the active bevel gear 107 to rotate. The rotating active bevel gear 107 drives the meshing driven bevel gear 108 to rotate, and the rotating driven bevel gear 108 drives the second threaded rod 109 to rotate. Through the synchronous rotation of the first threaded rod 104 and the second threaded rod 109, the first moving seat 105 and the second moving seat 110 drive the normal displacement sensor 106 and the horizontal displacement sensor 111 to perform synchronous position adjustment. According to the different models and sizes of the shear box 112, the probe head of the normal displacement sensor 106 can always be attached to the top of the normal bearing plate 116 and the probe head of the horizontal displacement sensor 117 can always be attached to the outer wall of the shear box 112. There is no need to disassemble the sensors and reposition them, and the consistency of the position and angle of the normal displacement sensor 106 and the horizontal displacement sensor 111 after adjustment is guaranteed.

[0025] Example 2, as Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the protective structure 2 includes a protective shell 201. Support plates 202 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the upper and lower ends of the protective shell 201. Two connecting rods 203 are slidably connected inside the support plates 202. Protective baffles 204 are fixed to the outer walls of one end of the two connecting rods 203. A push plate 205 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rods 203 away from the protective baffles 204. Two telescopic rods 206 are fixedly connected to the end of the push plate 205 away from the connecting rods 203. Protective springs 207 are sleeved on the outer surfaces of the two telescopic rods 206. A fixing plate 208 is fixedly connected to the end of the two telescopic rods 206 away from the push plate 205. A push rod 209 is slidably connected inside the fixing plate 208. The top of the push rod 209 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the push plate 205, and a trigger rubber block 210 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the push rod 209.

[0026] A trigger switch 211 is fixedly connected to one end of the upper and lower outer walls of the protective housing 201 away from the protective baffle 204. The trigger switch 211 is electrically connected to the vertical hydraulic cylinder 114 and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 115.

[0027] The top of the protective spring 207 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the push plate 205, and the bottom of the protective spring 207 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing plate 208.

[0028] In this embodiment, when the rock mass undergoes brittle failure, the protective outer shell 201 protects the normal displacement sensor 106 and the horizontal displacement sensor 111, preventing high-speed fragments from damaging them. When the rock mass specimen 113 is sheared and the shear displacement exceeds the range, it will push the protective baffle 204 to move, causing the protective baffle 204 to drive the connecting rod 203 fixedly connected to it, thereby causing the push plate 205 to move. Then, the force of the telescopic rod 206 and the protective spring 207 will rebound and buffer, protecting the displacement sensor probe head. When the compressive force exceeds the protection range, the push rod 209 will drive the trigger rubber block 210 to move and press the trigger switch 211, closing the vertical hydraulic cylinder 114 and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 115, preventing the rock mass specimen 113 from being continuously subjected to load force and displacement, thereby continuing to compress the displacement sensor probe head, causing the displacement sensor probe head to be squeezed, bent, or destroyed.

[0029] Although embodiments of the present utility have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present utility, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A detection mechanism for the vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass in a rock mass shear test, comprising a main structure (1), characterized in that: The outer surface of the main structure (1) is provided with a protective structure (2); The main structure (1) includes a base (101), a mounting bracket (102) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (101), a servo motor (103) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting bracket (102), a first threaded rod (104) is fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor (103), a first movable seat (105) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod (104), a normal displacement sensor (106) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first movable seat (105), an active bevel gear (107) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod (104) near the servo motor (103), a driven bevel gear (108) meshes with the outer surface of the active bevel gear (107), a second threaded rod (109) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the driven bevel gear (108), a second movable seat (110) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the second threaded rod (109), and a horizontal displacement sensor (111) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second movable seat (110). The protective structure (2) includes a protective shell (201). Support plates (202) are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the upper and lower ends of the protective shell (201). Two connecting rods (203) are slidably connected inside the support plate (202). A protective baffle (204) is fixed to the outer wall of one end of the two connecting rods (203). A push plate (205) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod (203) away from the protective baffle (204). Two telescopic rods (206) are fixedly connected to the end of the push plate (205) away from the connecting rods (203). A protective spring (207) is sleeved on the outer surface of the two telescopic rods (206). A fixing plate (208) is fixedly connected to the end of the two telescopic rods (206) away from the push plate (205). A push rod (209) is slidably connected inside the fixing plate (208). The top of the push rod (209) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the push plate (205). A trigger rubber block (210) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the push rod (209).

2. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shear box (112) is fixedly connected to the middle of the upper surface of the base (101), and a rock mass specimen (113) is placed inside the shear box (112).

3. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertical hydraulic cylinder (114) is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the mounting bracket (102), and a horizontal hydraulic cylinder (115) is fixedly connected to the end of the inner wall of the mounting bracket (102) away from the horizontal displacement sensor (111).

4. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical hydraulic cylinder (114) has a normal bearing plate (116) fixedly installed at its output end, and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (115) has a horizontal bearing plate (117) fixedly installed at its output end. Both the normal bearing plate (116) and the horizontal bearing plate (117) are in contact with the outer surface of the rock mass specimen (113).

5. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the mounting bracket (102) is provided with a moving groove. The first threaded rod (104), the first moving seat (105), the second threaded rod (109) and the second moving seat (110) are all arranged in the moving groove. The first threaded rod (104) and the second threaded rod (109) are rotatably connected to the mounting bracket (102) through bearings.

6. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A trigger switch (211) is fixedly connected to one end of the upper and lower outer walls of the protective shell (201) away from the protective baffle (204). The trigger switch (211) is electrically connected to the vertical hydraulic cylinder (114) and the horizontal hydraulic cylinder (115).

7. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The normal bearing plate (116) and the horizontal bearing plate (117) are of equal size and slightly larger than the upper surface of the rock mass specimen (113).

8. The rock mass shear test detection mechanism for vertical and horizontal displacement of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the protective spring (207) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the push plate (205), and the bottom of the protective spring (207) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing plate (208).

Images