A new type of aluminum electrolysis cell control machine based on domestic CPU
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522682129.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-12-18
AI Technical Summary
[0005]本实用新型的目的是，提供一种基于国产CPU的新型铝电解槽槽控机，解决目前处理器存在运算速度低，难以同时运行更多任务的问题
[0014]相较现有技术，本发明的有益效果是，在槽控机国产CPU上连接多个串口并口模块，通过与U10（DP83822IF），T1（GT-1352-S3I）组成的以太网光纤通讯模块4直连，U23，U24组成的USB接口，支持在应用编程和较大数据量传输，核心板扩展到6路输入口，5路输出口，可采集44个开关量输入点，40个输出点，处理器运算速度由120MHz提升到240MHz，在实时处理方面能力大幅提升，同时可以运行更多的任务。且在个模块电路板中和低压电器中设置对电解槽的多种保护机制，防止执行机构错误动作造成阳极超过限位，造成电解槽爆炸事故。
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Figure CN224889060U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum control equipment, specifically relating to a new type of aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU. Background Technology
[0002] An electrolytic cell is a smelting furnace that melts alumina at high temperatures, simultaneously introducing current through anode carbon blocks. The current flows out from the cathode at the bottom of the cell, using the current to reduce the molten alumina into metallic aluminum. The electrolytic cell operates under high current (hundreds of thousands of amperes) and low operating voltage (3.8-4.2 volts). The operating voltage can be adjusted by changing the position of the anode carbon blocks using a hoist motor. Simultaneously, the concentration of the electrolyte is controlled by a solenoid valve that controls the feeding (adding alumina into the electrolytic cell), which also affects the operating voltage.
[0003] The electrolytic cell control unit (CCU) is a device that controls the working status of the electrolytic cell. Installed next to the CCU in the electrolysis workshop, it communicates with the management computer in the main control room. The CCU collects cell voltage, cell current, and anode position signals. By controlling the anode position and feed rate, it controls the cell voltage, ensuring the electrolytic cell operates safely and efficiently. Anode position, feed rate, and safe production are closely related; exceeding certain limits in anode position or cell voltage can cause cell explosion, resulting in significant losses to the entire production workshop. Therefore, in addition to controlling the elevator and solenoid valve actions, the CCU needs to implement reliable motor control for upper and lower position limits, upper and lower voltage limits, action time limits, lifting action interlocks, and protection action self-locks. Simultaneously, it needs to provide alarms for abnormal cell voltage conditions: when the cell voltage exceeds 7.9 volts, the alarm light on the cell should illuminate; when aluminum is being produced from the cell, the aluminum production light should illuminate.
[0004] The current electrolytic cell control machines have processors with low processing speeds, making it difficult to run more tasks simultaneously and thus unable to meet the needs of large-scale production. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a new type of aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU, which solves the problem that current processors have low computing speed and cannot run more tasks at the same time.
[0006] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is a novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU. It includes a core board and a control panel, low-voltage electrical components, a cell top data acquisition module, and a cell voltage acquisition module connected to the core board. The core board integrates a domestically produced CPU GD32F470II, including an external Ethernet fiber optic communication module, a CAN1 communication module, a CAN2 communication module, a 3-channel RS232 communication module, an external memory, a USB port, an input unit, and an output unit controlled by the domestic CPU. The control panel includes a keyboard input module, an independent cell voltage display module, and a display unit module. The low-voltage electrical components include a manual single-action control unit, a low-voltage electrical control output unit, and a low-voltage electrical signal acquisition module. The core board is connected to a management computer via the Ethernet fiber optic communication module and the CAN1 communication module. The cell top data acquisition module is connected to the electrolytic cell twin data module, the cell voltage acquisition module is connected to the electrolytic cell voltage, and the low-voltage electrical components are connected to alarm lights and actuators.
[0007] Furthermore, the aforementioned Ethernet fiber optic communication module, CAN1 communication module, CAN2 communication module, 3-channel RS232 communication module, USB port and slot voltage acquisition module are connected to the core board's serial port, while the external memory, input unit and output unit are connected to the core board's parallel port.
[0008] Furthermore, the acquisition module on the upper part of the slot is controlled by a serial CAN2 communication module.
[0009] Furthermore, the display unit module of the aforementioned tank control machine control panel is connected to the core board via an RS323 communication module, and the keyboard input module is connected to the core board via an input unit.
[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned low-voltage electrical appliances are connected to the alarm light via the low-voltage electrical appliance control output unit, and the manual single-action control unit is connected to the actuator.
[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned actuators include a hoist and a solenoid valve.
[0012] Furthermore, the core board and each external module are connected independently using optical isolation, and the core board and low-voltage electrical appliances are driven by relays.
[0013] Furthermore, the design of the aforementioned slot control machine circuit board and the design between various modules include time-limited protection, position protection, slot pressure protection, and interlock protection; the low-voltage electrical circuit has built-in time protection, interlock protection, self-locking protection, and limit protection.
[0014] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: Multiple serial and parallel port modules are connected to the domestically produced CPU of the electrolytic cell control machine. These modules are directly connected to an Ethernet fiber optic communication module consisting of U10 (DP83822IF) and T1 (GT-1352-S3I), and a USB interface consisting of U23 and U24. This supports application programming and large data transfer volumes. The core board is expanded to 6 input ports and 5 output ports, capable of acquiring 44 switch input points and 40 output points. The processor's processing speed is increased from 120MHz to 240MHz, significantly improving real-time processing capabilities and allowing for the execution of more tasks. Furthermore, multiple protection mechanisms for the electrolytic cell are incorporated into the circuit boards of each module and the low-voltage electrical components to prevent malfunctions in the actuators that could cause the anode to exceed its limit, resulting in an electrolytic cell explosion. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the CPU unit for the core board; Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit. Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit for the core board; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the safety protection circuit for the hoist; Figure 5 Wiring diagram for low-voltage electrical appliances; Figure 6 This is a block diagram showing the electrical connections of each module in the aluminum electrolysis cell control machine. Figure 7 Partial CPU unit principle of the core board Figure 1 ; Figure 8 Partial CPU unit principle of the core board Figure 2 ; Figure 9 Partial CPU unit principle of the core board Figure 3 ; Figure 10 Partial CPU unit principle of the core board Figure 4 ; Figure 11 Partial CPU unit principle of the core board Figure 5 ; Figure 12 Partial CPU unit principle of the core board Figure 6 ; Figure 13 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 1 ; Figure 14 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 2 ; Figure 15 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 2 ; Figure 16 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 3 ; Figure 17 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 4 ; Figure 18 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 5 ; Figure 19 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 6 ; Figure 20 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 7 ; Figure 21 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 8 ; Figure 22 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 9 ; Figure 23 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 10 ; Figure 24 Partial diagram of the core board bus expansion and opto-isolated input circuit principle Figure 10 one; Figure 25 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 1 ; Figure 26 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 2 ; Figure 27 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 3 ; Figure 28 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 4 ; Figure 29 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 5 ; Figure 30 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 6 ; Figure 31 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 7 ; Figure 32 Partial schematic of the parallel bus expansion and opto-isolated output circuit of the core board Figure 8 ; Figure 33 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 1 ; Figure 34 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 2 ; Figure 35 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 3 ; Figure 36 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 4 ; Figure 37 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 5 ; Figure 38 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 6 ; Figure 39 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 7 ; Figure 40 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 8 ; Figure 41 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 9 ; Figure 42 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 10 ; Figure 43 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 10 one; Figure 44 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 10 two; Figure 45 Partial diagram of the safety protection circuit principle of the hoist Figure 10 three; Figure 46 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 1 ; Figure 47 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 2 ; Figure 48 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 3 ; Figure 49 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 4 ; Figure 50 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 5 ; Figure 51 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 6 ; Figure 52 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 7 ; Figure 53 Partial diagram of low-voltage electrical wiring principle Figure 8 . Detailed Implementation
[0016] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings to enable those skilled in the art to better understand it.
[0017] Example 1 like Figure 1-53 As shown, a novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU includes a core board 1 and a control panel 2, low-voltage electrical appliances 3, a data acquisition module 19 for the upper part of the cell, and a cell voltage acquisition module 15 connected to the core board 1. The core board 1 integrates a domestically produced CPU. The GD32F470II includes an external Ethernet fiber optic communication module 4, a CAN1 communication module 5, a CAN2 communication module 6, a 3-channel RS232 communication module 7, an external memory 8, a USB port 9, an input unit 10, and an output unit 11, all controlled by a domestically produced CPU. The tank control panel 2 includes a keyboard input module 16, an independent tank pressure display module 17, and a display unit module 18. The low-voltage electrical appliances 3 include a manual single-action control unit 12, a low-voltage electrical appliance control output unit 13, and a low-voltage electrical appliance signal acquisition module 14. The core board 1 is connected to the management computer 20 via the Ethernet fiber optic communication module 4 and the CAN1 communication module 5. The upper tank data acquisition module 19 is connected to the electrolytic cell twin data module 21, the tank pressure acquisition module 15 is connected to the electrolytic cell voltage, and the low-voltage electrical appliances 3 are connected to the alarm light 22 and the actuator 23, respectively.
[0018] Furthermore, the aforementioned Ethernet fiber optic communication module 4, CAN1 communication module 5, CAN2 communication module 6, 3-channel RS232 communication module 7, USB port 9, and tank pressure acquisition module 15 are connected to the core board 1 via serial port, while the external storage 8, input unit 10, and output unit 11 are connected to the core board 1 via parallel port. The tank upper acquisition module 19 is controlled by the serial port CAN2 communication module 6. The display unit module 18 of the tank control panel 2 is connected to the core board 1 via RS323 communication module 7, and the keyboard input module 16 is connected to the core board 1 via input unit 10. The low-voltage electrical appliance 2 is connected to the alarm light 22 via the low-voltage electrical appliance control output unit 13, and the manual single-action control unit 12 is connected to the actuator 23, which includes a hoist and a solenoid valve.
[0019] Furthermore, the core board 1 and each external module are independently connected using optical isolation, and the core board 1 and the low-voltage electrical appliances 2 are driven by relays. The design of the slot control machine circuit board and the design between each module are equipped with time limit protection, position protection, slot voltage protection and interlock protection; the low-voltage electrical circuit has built-in time protection, interlock protection, self-locking protection and limit protection.
[0020] This invention employs a "one master, multiple slaves" and "multi-level protection" architecture. This "multi-level protection" architecture is a protective measure to prevent electrolytic cell explosions caused by erroneous actuator operation leading to anode exceeding limits. It comprises three levels of protection. The first level is designed within the CPU's execution software code, limiting the operating time of the hoist motor or collecting anode position and electrolytic cell voltage data to provide corresponding protection. The second level is hardware protection. The second level is designed within the circuit board design and between various modules, also including time-limited protection, position protection, cell voltage protection, and interlocking protection. The third level of protection is designed in the low-voltage electrical control section, using an AC timer for time protection and limit switches for position limit protection.
[0021] In this embodiment, U10 is the core domestically produced CPU, and the components directly connected to it are an Ethernet fiber optic communication module 4 consisting of U10 (DP83822IF) and T1 (GT-1352-S3I); T1 (GT-1352-S3I) is a laser transmitter and receiver head, using a general-purpose 155MHz 1310nm transmit / 1550nm receive single-mode single-fiber laser head. U10 (DP83822IF) is the Ethernet PHY layer chip, supporting the IEEE 802.3u standard, and is connected to the CPU main chip in RMII mode. Due to the large operating current of the laser head, U26 is used to power these two chips separately.
[0022] The USB interface composed of U23 and U24 supports application programming and large data transfer. The RS232 serial port composed of U11 and U30 supports ISP programming and LED display. The CAN1 port composed of U19, U20, and U21 is connected to the management computer 20. The CAN2 port composed of U27, U28, and U29 is connected to the various acquisition modules of the electrolytic cell twin data acquisition module. It is responsible for sending this data to the main CPU. U2 and U3 are parallel address data expansion ports, responsible for acquiring signals from the low-voltage electrical signal acquisition module 14 and sending the cell controller action commands to the low-voltage electrical control output unit 13.
[0023] UC1 is a board temperature self-testing sensor. It sends the ambient temperature to the main CPU (domestic CPU) via the I2C bus. When the main CPU detects that the temperature inside the tank control unit exceeds its set protection temperature value, the tank control unit will send an alarm signal to the management computer 20 via CAN1 communication to implement a voice alarm.
[0024] UC5 is a data control chip, and UC6 is an address selection chip. When the address is one of 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, or 0x4f, UC5 is turned on, and data can be transmitted between the bus and input unit 10 and output unit 11.
[0025] Input Unit 10: Core Board 1 is expanded to have a total of 6 input ports, see... Figure 3 The chips U8, U9, U10, U11, U18, and U19 are 8-bit each, with the high 4 bits of address U19 reserved for DIP switch inputs. Therefore, a total of 44 switch input points can be collected. The opto-isolation is provided by 11 TLP281-4 chips.
[0026] Output Unit 11: Core board 1 is expanded to a total of 5 output ports, see... Figure 4 The chips are UD5, UD6, UD7, UD8, and UD22. Each channel is 8 bits, with a total of 40 output points. They control various external devices such as solenoid valves and contactors.
[0027] Among them, electromagnetic relay 1ZJ controls the main power contactor of the hoist, 2ZJ controls the hoist lifting contactor, 3ZJ controls the hoist lowering contactor, and 4ZJ controls the shunt trip of the main switch.
[0028] The tank control machine strictly prohibits the simultaneous output of the hoist lifting and hoist lowering action signals. Therefore, these two outputs, PO1.2 and PO1.3, are interlocked using DA5 and DA6. When the hoist lifting (PO1.3) action signal is valid (low level), the low-level signal locks pin 13 of UA2 low through DA6, ensuring that 3ZJ (hoist lowering) does not operate. Similarly, when the hoist lowering (PO1.2) action signal is valid (low level), DA5 locks 2ZJ (hoist lifting) inactive.
[0029] The hoist position limit is controlled by DA22 and DA23, which operate on the hoist circuit. When the hoist is at the bottom limit position, the limit sensor outputs a low level through PI3.3, which in turn outputs a low level to pin 2 of UA2 via DA24, locking the 3ZJ relay and thus locking the hoist's descent action. Similarly, when the hoist is at the top limit position, DA23 locks the hoist's ascent action; when the tank voltage is at the bottom limit, DA21 locks the hoist's descent action; and when the tank voltage is at the top limit, DA22 locks the hoist's ascent action. The 25 transistors (TA1-TA25, IRF540) control 25 DC 24V solenoid valves. Taking the first channel, TA1, as an example, the circuit principle is explained (the others are similar): TA1 is an open-source (OC) gate switch. When the output point PO10 from unit D is low, the relevant output of opto-isolated UA13 is turned on. The 15V voltage is divided by RAB1 and RAC1 and applied to the gate of TA1, turning TA1 on. The load current connected to pin 5 of CZA2 flows from the source to the drain and back to the source of TA1. RAA1 is a protection sampling resistor. When the load current is too high, the voltage across RAA1 (0.1Ω) increases, triggering thyristor TA27. The gate voltage of TA1 is pulled below 2V, and TA1 is turned off, providing overload protection. Due to the latching function of TA27, TA1 will remain off until the PO10 signal resets.
[0030] UA5, UA12, UA14, TA26, and related components form a power detection circuit. When the 24V voltage is missing or any of the fuses F1, F2, or F3 fails, a low-level signal is sent to PI2.0 (to cell C) through the power detection circuit.
[0031] Main functions: control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor (corresponding to the lifting and lowering of the hoist), control 8 alumina feeding solenoid valves, 8 shell-breaking solenoid valves (the function of the shell-breaking solenoid valve is: before feeding at each feeding point, the shell-breaking solenoid valve needs to be activated first to ensure that the feeding point is unobstructed), control (21) alarm device: 2 indicator lights (effect lamp and aluminum output lamp) In addition, there are spare outputs SP1-SP5.
[0032] The main power supply for the hoist enters the main circuit from 1DZ (1,2,3), passes through air switch 1DL, and then through main contactor 1C. When 2C is closed and 3C is open, (4,5,6) of 1DZ are in phase sequence A, B, C, causing the motor to rotate forward and the hoist mechanism to rise. When 3C is closed and 2C is open, (4,5,6) of 1DZ are in phase sequence C, B, A, causing the motor to rotate in reverse and the hoist mechanism to descend. Here, if both 2C and 3C are open, the motor will not move, but they cannot be closed simultaneously, otherwise phases A and C will be short-circuited. To avoid this, an auxiliary contact of 3C is connected in series with the coil of 2C, and an auxiliary contact of 2C is connected in series with the coil of 3C. This is an interlocking circuit (low-voltage electrical equipment level 3), ensuring that 2C and 3C cannot be engaged simultaneously.
[0033] The electrolytic cell controller designed in this invention connects multiple serial and parallel port modules to a domestically produced CPU. It is directly connected to an Ethernet fiber optic communication module consisting of U10 (DP83822IF) and T1 (GT-1352-S3I), and a USB interface consisting of U23 and U24. This supports application programming and large data transfer volumes. The core board is expanded to 6 input ports and 5 output ports, capable of acquiring 44 switch input points and 40 output points. The processor's processing speed is increased from 120MHz to 240MHz, significantly improving real-time processing capabilities and allowing for the execution of more tasks. Furthermore, multiple protection mechanisms for the electrolytic cell are incorporated into the circuit boards of each module and the low-voltage electrical components to prevent malfunctions in the actuators that could cause the anode to exceed its limit, resulting in an electrolytic cell explosion.
[0034] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from its design spirit and principles should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU, characterized in that, The system includes a core board and connected components such as a tank control panel, low-voltage electrical appliances, a tank top data acquisition module, and a tank voltage acquisition module. The core board integrates a domestically produced CPU, GD32F470II, and includes an external Ethernet fiber optic communication module, a CAN1 communication module, a CAN2 communication module, a 3-channel RS232 communication module, an external memory, a USB port, an input unit, and an output unit. The tank control panel includes a keyboard input module, an independent tank voltage display module, and a display unit module. The low-voltage electrical appliances include a manual single-action control unit, a low-voltage electrical appliance control output unit, and a low-voltage electrical appliance signal acquisition module. The core board is connected to the management computer via the Ethernet fiber optic communication module and the CAN1 communication module. The tank top data acquisition module is connected to the electrolytic cell twin data module, the tank voltage acquisition module is connected to the electrolytic cell voltage, and the low-voltage electrical appliances are connected to alarm lights and actuators.
2. The novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ethernet fiber optic communication module, CAN1 communication module, CAN2 communication module, 3-channel RS232 communication module, USB port and slot voltage acquisition module are connected to the core board serial port, and the external memory, input unit and output unit are connected to the core board parallel port.
3. The novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module on the upper part of the slot is controlled by a serial CAN2 communication module.
4. The novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display unit module of the control panel of the tank control machine is connected to the core board via an RS323 communication module, and the keyboard input module is connected to the core board via an input unit.
5. A novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-voltage electrical appliance is connected to the alarm light through the low-voltage electrical appliance control output unit, and the manual single-action control unit is connected to the actuator.
6. A novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The actuator includes a hoist and a solenoid valve.
7. A novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core board and each external module are connected independently using optical isolation, and the core board and low-voltage electrical appliances are driven by relays.
8. A novel aluminum electrolytic cell control machine based on a domestically produced CPU according to claim 1, characterized in that, The design of the slot control machine circuit board and the design between various modules include time limit protection, position protection, slot pressure protection and interlock protection. The low-voltage electrical circuit has built-in time protection, interlock protection, self-locking protection and limit protection.