A capacity and voltage regulating traction transformer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of capacity regulation voltage regulation traction transformers, transformer body includes core, low-voltage winding, high-voltage winding, voltage regulating winding, the insulating compression device assembly between low-voltage winding and high-voltage winding and high-voltage winding and voltage regulating winding. High-voltage winding both ends lead out first head and tail, middle lead out regulation capacity tap I and voltage regulating tap I. Low-voltage winding both ends lead out first head and tail, middle lead out regulation capacity tap II. Voltage regulating winding first end and end lead out voltage regulating tap II. Capacity regulation switch is composed of high, low-voltage capacity regulation switch, high-voltage capacity regulation switch is connected with the regulation capacity tap I of high-voltage winding, low-voltage capacity regulation switch is connected with the regulation capacity tap II of low-voltage winding. Voltage regulating switch is connected with the voltage regulating tap I of high-voltage winding and the voltage regulating tap II of voltage regulating winding. The utility model improves resource utilization, improves power supply quality, reduces overall investment cost, reduces transformer loss, saves energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of transformer manufacturing technology, and relates to a capacity-regulating and voltage-regulating traction transformer for electrified railway power supply systems. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, to meet the needs of national economic and social development, the requirements for electrified railways are becoming increasingly stringent. The transport capacity and volume of electrified railways change rapidly, and the growth of traction load often exceeds design predictions, causing traction transformers to frequently operate under overload conditions, affecting their lifespan and the operational safety of electrified railways. To ensure the traction power supply capacity required for electrified railway transportation and adapt to the growth in transport capacity and volume, the traction power supply system must undergo capacity expansion and renovation, replacing traction transformers with larger capacity ones. Since the normal lifespan of a traction transformer is generally 30 years, the capacity expansion and renovation projects for replacing traction transformers are often much shorter than this period, resulting in a waste of initial investment and resources. Furthermore, capacity expansion and renovation projects on existing lines inevitably cause some interference and impact on normal transportation. Additionally, voltage fluctuations in existing traction transformers are generally addressed through large-capacity transformers and segmented compensation, without frequent voltage regulation. As the traction load increases, the grid voltage of the traction power supply system becomes increasingly unstable. Therefore, there is an urgent need for traction transformers with both capacity regulation and voltage regulation functions.

[0003] In addition, existing traction transformers generally adopt a discrete high- and low-voltage switch structure, that is, the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side use independent switch bodies, which need to be linked by mechanical linkage outside the transformer tank. This results in a large overall space occupation of the switch device and limited installation location. The discrete switch structure requires more external connecting wires and mechanical connectors, which not only increases the number of failure points, but also reduces the reliability of the system. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the aforementioned problems in the existing technology and provide a traction transformer with adjustable capacity and voltage. This traction transformer can change its output capacity according to changes in load and change the voltage regulating switch position according to changes in grid voltage to ensure stable output voltage. This adapts to the capacity and voltage regulation needs of the traction power supply system, improves resource utilization, improves power supply quality, reduces overall investment costs, reduces transformer losses, and saves energy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is: a capacity-adjusting and voltage-adjusting traction transformer, comprising a housing, one or two single-phase transformer bodies, one or two sets of capacity-adjusting switches, and one or two sets of voltage-adjusting switches; The cover of the enclosure is equipped with a high-pressure bushing A, a high-pressure bushing X, a low-pressure bushing a, a low-pressure bushing x, a capacity regulating switch operating mechanism, and a voltage regulating switch operating mechanism. The adjustable capacity switch is a high-low voltage linkage adjustable capacity switch, including a high-voltage adjustable capacity switch and a low-voltage adjustable capacity switch; the high-voltage adjustable capacity switch includes multiple stationary contacts corresponding to each adjustable capacity tap I of the high-voltage winding and a moving contact I that can electrically connect two adjacent stationary contacts; the low-voltage adjustable capacity switch includes multiple stationary contacts corresponding to each adjustable capacity tap II of the low-voltage winding and a moving contact II that can electrically connect two adjacent stationary contacts; the high-voltage adjustable capacity switch and the low-voltage adjustable capacity switch are axially stacked and insulated, with a rotatable central shaft at its center, the moving contact I and the moving contact II are fixedly mounted on the central shaft, and the central shaft is connected to the adjustable capacity switch operating mechanism on the box cover, the adjustable capacity switch operating mechanism operates the central shaft I to rotate; The voltage regulating switch includes multiple position contacts corresponding to each voltage regulating tap II of the voltage regulating winding, and a moving contact III that can be electrically connected to each position contact. The voltage regulating switch is provided with an insulating support cylinder and a central insulating shaft rotatably fixed on the central axis of the insulating support cylinder. Each position contact is set on the wall of the insulating support cylinder, and the moving contact III is fixedly installed on the central insulating shaft. The central insulating shaft is connected to the voltage regulating switch operating mechanism on the cover. The voltage regulating switch operating mechanism operates the central insulating shaft to rotate and move up and down, so that the moving contact III is connected to each position contact. The wall of the insulating support cylinder is also provided with contacts O and K corresponding to each voltage regulating tap I of the high voltage winding, contact point + electrically connected to high voltage bushing A, and contact point - electrically connected to high voltage bushing X.

[0006] The single-phase transformer core includes an iron core, a low-voltage winding, a high-voltage winding, a voltage regulating winding, an insulation clamping device assembly between the low-voltage and high-voltage windings, and another insulation clamping device assembly between the high-voltage and voltage regulating windings. The iron core is a single-phase two-column U-shaped stacked iron core. The left or right column iron core is inside the low-voltage winding, the high-voltage winding is outside the low-voltage winding, and the voltage regulating winding is outside the high-voltage winding. The low-voltage winding includes a left column low-voltage coil and a right column low-voltage coil. Both the left and right column low-voltage coils are disc-shaped coil structures. The upper end of the left column low-voltage coil has a starting point a1, the lower end has a ending point x1, and multiple capacity adjustment taps II are led out in the middle. The upper end of the right column low-voltage coil has a starting point a2, and the lower end has ending points x1 and x2 respectively. 2. Multiple capacity adjustment taps II are led out from the middle; the first taps a1 and a2 are connected in parallel to the low-voltage bushing a, and the last taps x1 and x2 are connected in parallel to the low-voltage bushing x; the capacity adjustment taps II led out from the left column low-voltage coil and the corresponding capacity adjustment taps II led out from the right column low-voltage coil are connected in parallel to the corresponding contacts of the low-voltage capacity adjustment switch; the high-voltage winding includes a left column high-voltage coil and a right column high-voltage coil; both the left column high-voltage coil and the right column high-voltage coil are pancake coil structures; the left column high-voltage coil leads out from the upper end to the first tap A1, from the lower end to the last tap X1, and from the middle to multiple capacity adjustment taps I and multiple voltage adjustment taps I; the right column high-voltage coil leads out from the upper end to the first tap A2, from the lower end to the last tap X2, and from the middle to... Multiple capacity adjustment taps I and multiple voltage adjustment taps I are led out; the first taps A1 and A2 are connected in parallel to the high-voltage bushing A, and the last taps X1 and X2 are connected in parallel to the high-voltage bushing X; the capacity adjustment taps I led out from the left column high-voltage coil and the corresponding capacity adjustment taps I led out from the right column high-voltage coil are connected in parallel to the corresponding contacts of the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch; the voltage adjustment taps I led out from the left column high-voltage coil and the corresponding voltage adjustment taps I led out from the right column high-voltage coil are connected in parallel to the corresponding contacts of the voltage adjustment switch; the voltage adjustment winding includes a left column voltage adjustment coil and a right column voltage adjustment coil with the same winding pattern but opposite winding directions; the left column voltage adjustment coil includes an upper left voltage adjustment coil and a lower left voltage adjustment coil, and the right column... The voltage regulating coil includes an upper right voltage regulating coil and a lower right voltage regulating coil; the upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right voltage regulating coils are all disc coil structures, and each of them has n tap starters and n tap enders according to the same rule; the n tap enders of the upper left voltage regulating coil and the n tap starters of the lower left voltage regulating coil are connected in series, and the n tap enders of the upper right voltage regulating coil and the n tap starters of the lower right voltage regulating coil are connected in series; the n tap starters of the upper left voltage regulating coil and the n tap starters of the upper right voltage regulating coil are connected in parallel to produce n first group voltage regulating taps II; the tap enders of the lower left voltage regulating coil and the tap enders of the lower right voltage regulating coil are connected in parallel to produce n second group voltage regulating taps II.The first tap of the first group of voltage regulating taps (II) is connected in parallel with the second tap of the second group of voltage regulating taps (II) and then connected to the corresponding position contact 1 of the voltage regulating switch. The second tap of the first group of voltage regulating taps (II) is connected in parallel with the third tap of the second group of voltage regulating taps (II) and then connected to the corresponding position contact 2 of the voltage regulating switch. The third tap of the first group of voltage regulating taps (II) is connected in parallel with the fourth tap of the second group of voltage regulating taps (II) and then connected to the corresponding position contact 3 of the voltage regulating switch. This sequence continues until the (n-1)th tap of the first group of voltage regulating taps (II) is connected in parallel with the nth tap of the second group of voltage regulating taps (II) and then connected to the corresponding position contact n-1 of the voltage regulating switch. The nth tap of the first group of voltage regulating taps (II) is connected to the corresponding contact + or contact - of the voltage regulating switch, and the first tap of the second group of voltage regulating taps (II) is connected to the corresponding contact - or contact + of the voltage regulating switch.

[0007] More preferably, the n tap heads and n tap tail heads of the upper left voltage regulating coil, lower left voltage regulating coil, upper right voltage regulating coil and lower right voltage regulating coil are respectively led out radially.

[0008] More preferably, each adjustment tap II of the low-voltage winding is led out radially and then bent 90 degrees to axially emerge from the gap between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding. The adjustment tap II located above the interruption point of the adjustment tap of the low-voltage winding is bent upward and led out from the upper end of the gap between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding, while the adjustment tap II located below the interruption point of the adjustment tap of the low-voltage winding is bent downward and led out from the lower end of the gap between the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding.

[0009] More preferably, each voltage regulating tap I of the high-voltage winding is led out radially through the gaps of the upper left voltage regulating coil, the lower left voltage regulating coil, the upper right voltage regulating coil, and the lower right voltage regulating coil.

[0010] More preferably, the central shaft of the regulating switch includes a central hole insulating shaft, a high-voltage central metal shaft fixed to the upper end of the central hole insulating shaft, and a low-voltage central metal shaft fixed to the lower end of the central hole insulating shaft; multiple layers of at least two elongated holes are provided on the circumferential wall of the central hole insulating shaft, with the elongated holes in adjacent layers being evenly distributed in an alternating pattern. This structure, without extending the length of the central hole insulating shaft, greatly extends the creepage distance of the central hole insulating shaft, enabling the high-voltage regulating switch and the low-voltage regulating switch of the high-low voltage linkage regulating switch to achieve the highest insulation safety strength with the shortest possible distance, thus allowing for better application of the high-low voltage linkage regulating switch in traction transformers. Preferably, the central hole insulating shaft is made of high-strength epoxy resin insulating material, with an electrical withstand strength of up to 30kV / mm and high mechanical strength. Each layer has two elongated holes evenly distributed, and the arc of the central shaft of two adjacent elongated holes in adjacent layers differs by 90°. The length of the elongated hole is 80 arc length and the width is 10 arc length; this can extend the creepage distance of the central hole insulating shaft by 1.5 times.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention adjusts the output capacity of the traction transformer through a high-low voltage linkage capacity adjustment switch and regulates the output voltage of the traction transformer through a voltage regulating switch. In other words, this invention can change the output capacity according to load changes and adjust the voltage regulating switch position according to grid voltage changes to ensure stable output voltage. This adapts to the capacity and voltage adjustment needs of the traction power supply system, improves resource utilization, enhances power supply quality, reduces overall investment costs, reduces transformer losses, and saves energy. Furthermore, the use of a high-low voltage linkage capacity adjustment switch reduces the size of the traction transformer compared to a discrete switch structure, reduces external connecting wires and mechanical connections, simplifies the structure, reduces potential failure points, and increases system reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of a single-phase adjustable capacity and voltage traction transformer; Figure 2 A top view schematic diagram of a three-phase adjustable capacity and voltage traction transformer; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the high-voltage side wiring of a single-phase adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the low-voltage side wiring of a single-phase adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the lead wire connection of the regulating winding of a single-phase adjustable voltage traction transformer; Figure 6 This is a wiring diagram of the high-voltage winding, voltage regulating winding, and voltage regulating switch. Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the six taps leading out from the two disc coils at the upper left end of the voltage regulating coil in the voltage regulating winding; Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the six tap starters and six tap enders of the upper left tap regulating coil in the tap regulating winding; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the capacity adjustment switch in this utility model; Figure 10 for Figure 9 AA section view; Figure 11 for Figure 9 BB section view; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the central shaft of the capacity adjustment switch in this utility model.

[0013] In the diagram, 1 represents the housing, 2 represents the iron core, 3 represents the low-voltage winding, 31 represents the left column low-voltage coil, 32 represents the right column low-voltage coil, 33 represents low-voltage bushing a, 34 represents low-voltage bushing x, 4 represents the high-voltage winding, 41 represents the left column high-voltage coil, 42 represents the right column high-voltage coil, 43 represents high-voltage bushing A, 44 represents high-voltage bushing X, 5 represents the voltage regulating winding, 51 represents the left column voltage regulating coil, 52 represents the right column voltage regulating coil, 511 represents the upper left voltage regulating coil, and 51... 2 is the lower left voltage regulating coil, 521 is the upper right voltage regulating coil, 522 is the lower right voltage regulating coil, 6 is the insulating clamping device assembly, 7 is the capacity regulating switch, 71 is the high voltage capacity regulating switch, 72 is the low voltage capacity regulating switch, 711 is the moving contact I, 721 is the moving contact II, 79 is the central shaft, 791 is the high voltage central metal shaft, 792 is the central hole insulating shaft, 793 is the oblong hole, 794 is the low voltage central metal shaft, and 8 is the voltage regulating switch. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0015] like Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 12 The illustrated embodiment 1 includes a housing 1, a single-phase transformer body, a set of capacity regulating switches 7, and a set of voltage regulating switches 8. The housing 1 has a high-voltage bushing A 43, a high-voltage bushing X 44, a low-voltage bushing a 33, a low-voltage bushing x 34, a capacity regulating switch operating mechanism, and a voltage regulating switch operating mechanism arranged on its cover.

[0016] The capacity adjustment switch 7 is a high-low voltage interlocking capacity adjustment switch, including a high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71 and a low-voltage capacity adjustment switch 72. The high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71 includes four stationary contacts connected to each capacity adjustment tap I of the high-voltage winding 4: contacts K1, K2, K3, and K4, and a moving contact I 711 capable of electrically connecting two adjacent stationary contacts. The low-voltage capacity adjustment switch 72 includes four stationary contacts connected to each capacity adjustment tap II of the low-voltage winding 3: contacts k1, k2, k3, and k4, and a moving contact II 721 capable of electrically connecting two adjacent stationary contacts. The high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71 and the low-voltage capacity adjustment switch 72 are axially stacked and insulated from each other, with a rotatable central shaft 79 at their center. The moving contacts I 711 and II 721 are fixedly mounted on the central shaft 79. The central shaft 79 is connected to the regulating switch operating mechanism on the cover, which rotates the central shaft 79. When the central shaft 79 rotates, the moving contact I 711 connects to contact points K1 and K2, K2 and K3, and K3 and K4 respectively; the moving contact II 721 connects to contact points K1 and K2, K2 and K3, and K3 and K4 respectively. To enhance insulation performance and increase creepage distance, a central hole insulating shaft 792 is added to the middle of the central shaft 79. The central shaft 79 of the regulating switch 7 includes a central hole insulating shaft 792, a high-voltage central metal shaft 791 fixed to the upper end of the central hole insulating shaft 792, and a low-voltage central metal shaft 794 fixed to the lower end of the central hole insulating shaft 792. Multiple layers of at least two elongated holes 793 are provided on the circumferential wall of the central hole insulating shaft 792, with adjacent layers of elongated holes 793 evenly distributed in an alternating pattern. In this embodiment, the central hole insulating shaft 792 is made of high-strength epoxy resin insulating material. Each layer has two elongated holes 793 evenly distributed. The arc of the central axis of two adjacent elongated holes 793 in adjacent layers differs by 90°. The length of the elongated hole 793 is 80 arc length and the width is 10 arc length. This can extend the creepage distance of the central hole insulating shaft by 1.5 times.

[0017] The voltage regulating switch 8 includes five position contacts corresponding to the taps II of the voltage regulating winding 5: position contact 1, position contact 2, position contact 3, position contact 4, and position contact 5, and a moving contact III capable of electrically connecting to position contacts 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. The voltage regulating switch 8 is equipped with an insulating support cylinder and a central insulating shaft rotatably fixed on the central axis of the insulating support cylinder; the five position contacts are disposed on the wall of the insulating support cylinder, and the moving contact III is fixedly mounted on the central insulating shaft. The central insulating shaft is connected to the voltage regulating switch operating mechanism on the cover. The operating mechanism operates the central insulating shaft to rotate and move it up and down, so that the moving contact III connects to position contacts 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 respectively. The insulating support cylinder wall is also provided with contacts 0 and K, which are connected to the voltage regulating taps I of the high voltage winding 4, and are electrically connected to the high voltage bushing A 43 at contact point + and to the high voltage bushing X 44 at contact point -.

[0018] The single-phase transformer core includes a core 2, a low-voltage winding 3, a high-voltage winding 4, a regulating winding 5, an insulation clamping device assembly 6 between the low-voltage winding 3 and the high-voltage winding 4, and another insulation clamping device assembly 6 between the high-voltage winding 4 and the regulating winding 5. The core 2 is a single-phase, two-column, U-shaped stacked core, with the left or right column core housing the winding and the other insulation clamping device assembly 6 between the windings. The low-voltage winding 3 is concentrically mounted on the outside of the left or right column core, the high-voltage winding 4 is concentrically mounted on the outside of the low-voltage winding 3, and the regulating winding 5 is concentrically mounted on the outside of the high-voltage winding 4.

[0019] The low-voltage winding 3 includes a left-column low-voltage coil 31 and a right-column low-voltage coil 32. Both the left-column low-voltage coil 31 and the right-column low-voltage coil 32 are disc-shaped coils wound with copper wire. The left-column low-voltage coil 31 has a start point a1 at its upper end and a tail point x1 at its lower end, with multiple adjustable taps II in the middle: adjustable tap r2, adjustable tap r3, adjustable tap r4, and adjustable tap r5. The right-column low-voltage coil 32 has a start point a2 at its upper end and a tail point x2 at its lower end, with multiple adjustable taps II in the middle: adjustable tap r2', adjustable tap r3', adjustable tap r4', and adjustable tap r5'. The first taps a1 and a2 are connected in parallel to the low-pressure bushing a33, and the last taps x1 and x2 are connected in parallel to the low-pressure bushing x34. The adjusting taps r2 and r2' are connected in parallel to the contact k1 of the low-pressure adjusting switch 72, the adjusting taps r3 and r3' are connected in parallel to the contact k2 of the low-pressure adjusting switch 72, the adjusting taps r4 and r4' are connected in parallel to the contact k3 of the low-pressure adjusting switch 72, and the adjusting taps r5 and r5' are connected in parallel to the contact k4 of the low-pressure adjusting switch 72.

[0020] The high-voltage winding 4 includes a left-column high-voltage coil 41 and a right-column high-voltage coil 42. Both the left-column high-voltage coil 41 and the right-column high-voltage coil 42 are disc-shaped coils wound with copper wire. The left-column high-voltage coil 41 has a starter A1 at the top and a tail X1 at the bottom, with multiple capacity adjustment taps I: capacity adjustment tap R2, capacity adjustment tap R3, capacity adjustment tap R4, and capacity adjustment tap R5, and multiple voltage adjustment taps I: voltage adjustment tap B1 and voltage adjustment tap Y1. The upper end of the right column high-voltage coil 42 has a lead-in A2, the lower end has a lead-out X2, and multiple capacity-adjusting taps I: capacity-adjusting tap R2', capacity-adjusting tap R3', capacity-adjusting tap R4', capacity-adjusting tap R5' and multiple voltage-adjusting taps I: voltage-adjusting tap B2 and voltage-adjusting tap Y2 are led out in the middle. The lead-in A1 and lead-in A2 are connected in parallel to the high-voltage bushing A33, and the tail ends X1 and X2 are connected in parallel to the high-voltage bushing X44. The capacity adjustment taps R2 and R2' are connected in parallel to contact K1 of the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71. The capacity adjustment taps R3 and R3' are connected in parallel to contact K2 of the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71. The capacity adjustment taps R4 and R4' are connected in parallel to contact K3 of the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71. The capacity adjustment taps R5 and R5' are connected in parallel to contact K4 of the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch 71. The voltage adjustment taps B1 and B2 are connected in parallel to contact K of the high-voltage voltage regulating switch 8. The voltage adjustment taps Y1 and Y2 are connected in parallel to contact O of the high-voltage voltage regulating switch 8.

[0021] The voltage regulating winding 5 includes a left-column voltage regulating coil 51 and a right-column voltage regulating coil 52, which have the same winding pattern but opposite winding directions. The left-column voltage regulating coil 51 includes an upper left voltage regulating coil 511 and a lower left voltage regulating coil 512, and the right-column voltage regulating coil 52 includes an upper right voltage regulating coil 521 and a lower right voltage regulating coil 522. The upper left voltage regulating coil 511, the lower left voltage regulating coil 512, the upper right voltage regulating coil 521, and the lower right voltage regulating coil 522 are all disc-shaped coil structures, wound with copper wire. The upper and lower ends of the four coils have n tap starters and n tap enders respectively, following the same pattern in the radial direction. Following the same pattern, if n is set to 6, when the coil is wound with two coils simultaneously, the starting points of each tap are drawn from the two upper coils, and the ending points are drawn from the two lower coils; when the coil is wound with three coils simultaneously, the starting points of each tap are drawn from the three upper coils, and the ending points are drawn from the three lower coils; when the coil is wound with six coils simultaneously, the starting points of each tap are drawn from the six upper coils, and the ending points are drawn from the six lower coils; when the coil is wound with a single coil, the starting points of each tap are drawn from the uppermost coil, and the ending points are drawn from the lowermost coil. Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the coil is wound in two sections simultaneously. Each tap's starting point is led out from the two sections at the top of the coil. Tap 1, tap 3, and tap 5 are led out from the top section, and tap 2, tap 4, and tap 6 are led out from the bottom section. Each tap's ending point is led out from the two sections at the bottom of the coil. Tap 1 is led out from the top section. 上 "、Tie-off end 3" 上 "and split the tail end 5" 上 "The lower end of the cake leads to the end of the branch 2" 上 "、Branch 4" 上 "and split the tail end 6" 上 "; The order of branch connector 1, branch connector 2, branch connector 3, branch connector 4, branch connector 5 and branch connector 6, and branch connector tail 1" 上 "、Tie-off end 2" 上 "、Tie-off end 3" 上 "、Branch 4" 上 "、Tie-off end 5" 上 "and split the tail end 6" 上 The lead-out sequence should be set according to the actual wiring requirements to ensure that the wiring has no or minimal crossover, so as to ensure better insulation between the wires.

[0022] In this embodiment, the lower ends of the upper left voltage regulating coil 511 and the lower ends of the upper right voltage regulating coil 521 of the voltage regulating winding 5 are respectively led out radially to tap heads 1. 上 "、Tie-off end 2" 上 "、Tie-off end 3" 上"、Branch 4" 上 "、Tie-off end 5" 上 "and split the tail end 6" 上 "; The upper ends of the lower left voltage regulating coil 512 and the upper ends of the lower right voltage regulating coil 522 are respectively led out to the tap 1 in a radial direction. 下 "、Separate connection head 2 下 "、Separate connection head 3 下 "、Connecting the first 4" 下 "、Separate the first 5 下 "and the first 6" 下 ". Connect the tail end 1 上 "、Tie-off end 2" 上 "、Tie-off end 3" 上 "、Branch 4" 上 "、Tie-off end 5" 上 "and split the tail end 6" 上 "Separately connect to the first 1 of the branch lines" 下 "、Separate connection head 2 下 "、Separate connection head 3 下 "、Connecting the first 4" 下 "、Separate the first 5 下 "and the first 6" 下 "Corresponding series connection. The upper horizontal lead of the upper end of the left-side voltage regulating coil 511 is connected to the first tap 1." 左 , ... 左 3. 左 4. Separate connection 左 5. (Separate connection) 左 and the first 6 左 The upper horizontal lead-out tap 1 of the upper right voltage regulating coil 521 右 , ... 右 3. 右 4. Separate connection 右 5. (Separate connection) 右 and the first 6 右 1. Separate connection to the first end 左 , ... 左 3. 左 4. Separate connection 左 5. (Separate connection) 左 and the first 6 左 Each with the first and second ends 1 右 , ... 右 3. 右 4. Separate connection 右 5. (Separate connection) 右 and the first 6 右The first set of voltage regulating taps II is led out after parallel connection: tap 1, tap 2, tap 3, tap 4, tap 5, and tap 6. Tap tail 1 is led out radially from the lower end of the lower left voltage regulating coil 511. 左 '、Branch 2 左 '、Branch 3 左 '、Branch 4 左 '、Branch 5 左 'and split end 6 左 '. The lower end of the right-side voltage regulating coil 522 is horizontally led out to tap 1. 右 '、Tap-off end 2' 右 '、Branch 3 右 '、Branch 4 右 '、Branch 5 右 'and split end 6 右 '. Connecting end 1 左 '、Branch 2 左 '、Branch 3 左 '、Branch 4 左 '、Branch 5 左 'and split end 6 左 'Respectively connect to the tap end 1' 右 '、Branch 2 右 '、Branch 3 右 '、Branch 4 右 '、Branch 5 右 'and split end 6 右 The corresponding parallel connections lead out the second set of voltage regulating taps II: tap 1', tap 2', tap 3', tap 4', tap 5' and tap 6'.

[0023] Tap 1 and tap 2' are connected in parallel to the corresponding stop contact 1 of the voltage regulating switch 8. Tap 2 and tap 3' are connected in parallel to the corresponding stop contact 2 of the voltage regulating switch 8. Tap 3 and tap 4' are connected in parallel to the corresponding stop contact 3 of the voltage regulating switch 8. Tap 4 and tap 5' are connected in parallel to the corresponding stop contact 4 of the voltage regulating switch 8. Tap 5 and tap 6' are connected in parallel to the corresponding stop contact 5 of the voltage regulating switch 8. Tap 6 is connected to the corresponding contact + (or contact -) of the voltage regulating switch 8. Tap 1' is connected to the corresponding contact - (or contact +) of the voltage regulating switch 8.

[0024] In this embodiment, each adjustment tap II of the low-voltage winding 3 is led out radially and then bent 90 degrees to axially emerge from the gap between the low-voltage winding 3 and the high-voltage winding 4. The adjustment tap II located above the adjustment tap break point is bent upward and led out from the upper end of the gap between the low-voltage winding 3 and the high-voltage winding 4, while the adjustment tap II located below the adjustment tap break point is bent downward and led out from the lower end of the gap between the low-voltage winding 3 and the high-voltage winding 4.

[0025] In this embodiment, after the tap I of the high voltage winding 4 is led out horizontally, it is led out horizontally through the gaps of the upper left voltage regulating coil 511 and the lower left voltage regulating coil 512, the upper right voltage regulating coil 521 and the lower right voltage regulating coil 522 respectively.

[0026] like Figure 2 The embodiment shown is a three-phase adjustable capacity and voltage traction transformer. Except for the two single-phase transformer bodies, two sets of adjustable capacity switches 7 and two sets of voltage switches 8, its other structure is the same as that of a single-phase adjustable capacity and voltage traction transformer.

[0027] Of course, there are other embodiments of this utility model. Without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make corresponding changes and modifications based on this utility model. However, these corresponding changes and modifications should all be considered improvements of equivalent technology and fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A traction transformer with adjustable capacity and voltage, comprising a housing (1), one or two single-phase transformer bodies, and one or two sets of adjustable capacity switches (7); the housing (1) has a high-voltage bushing A (43), a high-voltage bushing X (44), a low-voltage bushing a (33), a low-voltage bushing x (34), and an adjustable capacity switch operating mechanism arranged on the cover of the housing (1); the single-phase transformer body comprises an iron core (2), a low-voltage winding (3), a high-voltage winding (4), and an insulation clamping device assembly (6) between the low-voltage winding (3) and the high-voltage winding (4); the iron core (2) It is a single-phase two-column U-shaped stacked iron core; the left column iron core or the right column iron core is inside the low-voltage winding (3), and the high-voltage winding (4) is outside the low-voltage winding (3); the low-voltage winding (3) includes a left column low-voltage coil (31) and a right column low-voltage coil (32), both of which are pancake coil structures; the high-voltage winding (4) includes a left column high-voltage coil (41) and a right column high-voltage coil (42); both of which are pancake coil structures; its characteristics are: The traction transformer also includes one or two sets of voltage regulating switches (8); the cover of the enclosure (1) is also provided with a voltage regulating switch operating mechanism. The capacity adjustment switch (7) is a high-low voltage linkage capacity adjustment switch, including a high-voltage capacity adjustment switch (71) and a low-voltage capacity adjustment switch (72); the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch (71) includes multiple stationary contacts corresponding to each capacity adjustment tap I of the high-voltage winding (4) and a moving contact I (711) that can electrically connect two adjacent stationary contacts; the low-voltage capacity adjustment switch (72) includes multiple stationary contacts corresponding to each capacity adjustment tap II of the low-voltage winding (3) and a moving contact II (721) that can electrically connect two adjacent stationary contacts; the high-voltage capacity adjustment switch (71) and the low-voltage capacity adjustment switch (72) are axially stacked and insulated, with a rotatable central shaft (79) at its center, and the moving contact I (711) and the moving contact II (721) are fixedly installed on the central shaft (79); the capacity adjustment switch operating mechanism is connected to the central shaft (79) and operates the central shaft (79) to rotate; The voltage regulating switch (8) includes multiple stop contacts that are respectively connected to each voltage regulating tap II of the voltage regulating winding (5) and a moving contact III that can be electrically connected to each stop contact; the voltage regulating switch (8) is provided with an insulating support cylinder and a central insulating shaft that is rotatably fixed on the central axis of the insulating support cylinder; each stop contact is provided on the wall of the insulating support cylinder, and the moving contact III is fixedly installed on the central insulating shaft; the voltage regulating switch operating mechanism is connected to the central insulating shaft to operate the rotation and up and down movement of the central insulating shaft; the wall of the insulating support cylinder is also provided with contacts 0 and K that are respectively connected to each voltage regulating tap I of the high voltage winding (4), and contacts + are electrically connected to the high voltage bushing A (43), and contacts - are electrically connected to the high voltage bushing X (44); The single-phase transformer body also includes a voltage regulating winding (5) and another insulating clamping device assembly (6) between the high-voltage winding (4) and the voltage regulating winding (5); the voltage regulating winding (5) is outside the high-voltage winding (4); the upper end of the left column low-voltage coil (31) leads out a head a1, the lower end leads out a tail x1, and multiple capacity adjustment taps II are led out in the middle; the upper end of the right column low-voltage coil (32) leads out a head a2, the lower end leads out a tail x2 respectively, and multiple capacity adjustment taps II are led out in the middle; the head a1 and the head a2 are connected in parallel to the low-voltage bushing a (33), and the tail x1 and the tail x2 are connected in parallel to the low-voltage bushing x (34); the capacity adjustment taps II led out from the left column low-voltage coil (31) and the right column low-voltage coil (32) The corresponding capacity adjustment taps II led out from the left column high voltage coil (41) are connected in parallel to the corresponding contacts of the low voltage capacity adjustment switch (72); the upper end of the left column high voltage coil (41) leads out the first tap A1, the lower end leads out the tail tap X1, and multiple capacity adjustment taps I and multiple voltage adjustment taps I are led out in the middle; the upper end of the right column high voltage coil (42) leads out the first tap A2, the lower end leads out the tail tap X2, and multiple capacity adjustment taps I and multiple voltage adjustment taps I are led out in the middle; the first taps A1 and A2 are connected in parallel to the high voltage bushing A (43), and the tail taps X1 and X2 are connected in parallel to the high voltage bushing X (44); the capacity adjustment taps I led out from the left column high voltage coil (41) and the corresponding capacity adjustment taps led out from the right column high voltage coil (42) I. After being connected in parallel, they are connected to the corresponding contacts of the high-voltage regulating switch (71); the voltage regulating tap I led out from the left column high-voltage coil (41) and the corresponding voltage regulating tap I led out from the right column high-voltage coil (42) are connected in parallel to the corresponding contacts of the voltage regulating switch (8); the voltage regulating winding (5) includes a left column voltage regulating coil (51) and a right column voltage regulating coil (52) with the same winding pattern but opposite winding directions; the left column voltage regulating coil (51) includes an upper left voltage regulating coil (511) and a lower left voltage regulating coil (512), and the right column voltage regulating coil (52) includes an upper right voltage regulating coil (521) and a lower right voltage regulating coil (522); the upper left voltage regulating coil (511), the lower left voltage regulating coil (512), and the upper right voltage regulating coil (521) Both the upper left voltage regulating coil (511) and the lower right voltage regulating coil (522) are pancake coil structures. The four coils are connected in series with n taps and n taps respectively according to the same rule. The n taps of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511) and the n taps of the lower left voltage regulating coil (512) are connected in series. The n taps of the upper right voltage regulating coil (521) and the n taps of the lower right voltage regulating coil (522) are connected in series. The n taps of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511) and the n taps of the upper right voltage regulating coil (521) are connected in parallel and then n taps of the first group of voltage regulating taps II are drawn out. The taps of the lower left voltage regulating coil (512) and the taps of the lower right voltage regulating coil (522) are connected in parallel and then n taps of the second group of voltage regulating taps II are drawn out.The first tap II of the first group of voltage regulating taps is connected in parallel with the second tap II of the second group of voltage regulating taps and then connected to the corresponding position contact 1 of the voltage regulating switch (8). The second tap II of the first group of voltage regulating taps is connected in parallel with the third tap II of the second group of voltage regulating taps and then connected to the corresponding position contact 2 of the voltage regulating switch (8). The third tap II of the first group of voltage regulating taps is connected in parallel with the fourth tap II of the second group of voltage regulating taps and then connected to the corresponding position contact 3 of the voltage regulating switch (8). This sequence continues until the (n-1)th tap II of the first group of voltage regulating taps is connected in parallel with the nth tap II of the second group of voltage regulating taps and then connected to the corresponding position contact n-1 of the voltage regulating switch (8). The nth tap II of the first group of voltage regulating taps is connected to the corresponding contact + or contact - of the voltage regulating switch (8). The first tap II of the second group of voltage regulating taps is connected to the corresponding contact - or contact + of the voltage regulating switch (8). ; 2. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central shaft (79) of the regulating switch (7) includes a central hole insulating shaft (792), a high voltage central metal shaft (791) fixed at the upper end of the central hole insulating shaft (792), and a low voltage central metal shaft (794) fixed at the lower end of the central hole insulating shaft (792); multiple layers of at least two elongated holes (793) are provided on the circumferential wall of the central hole insulating shaft (792), and the elongated holes (793) of adjacent layers are evenly distributed in an alternating manner.

3. The adjustable capacity and voltage traction transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The central hole insulating shaft (792) is made of high-strength epoxy resin insulating material. Each layer has two elongated holes (793) evenly distributed, and the arc of the central axis of two adjacent elongated holes (793) in adjacent layers differs by 90°.

4. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: Each adjustment tap II of the low-voltage winding (3) is led out radially and then bent 90 degrees to axially emerge from the gap between the low-voltage winding (3) and the high-voltage winding (4). Among them, the adjustment tap II located above the adjustment tap interruption point of the low-voltage winding (3) is bent upward and led out from the upper end of the gap between the low-voltage winding (3) and the high-voltage winding (4). The adjustment tap II located below the adjustment tap interruption point of the low-voltage winding (3) is bent downward and led out from the lower end of the gap between the low-voltage winding (3) and the high-voltage winding (4).

5. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that: After each voltage regulating tap I of the high voltage winding (4) is led out radially, it is led out radially through the gaps of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511) and the lower left voltage regulating coil (512), the upper right voltage regulating coil (521) and the lower right voltage regulating coil (522).

6. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The n tap heads and n tap tail heads of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511), lower left voltage regulating coil (512), upper right voltage regulating coil (521), and lower right voltage regulating coil (522) are respectively led out radially.

7. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: After each tap of the high voltage winding (4) is led out radially, it is led out radially through the gaps of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511) and the lower left voltage regulating coil (512), the upper right voltage regulating coil (521) and the lower right voltage regulating coil (522).

8. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The n tap heads and n tap tail heads of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511), lower left voltage regulating coil (512), upper right voltage regulating coil (521), and lower right voltage regulating coil (522) are respectively led out radially.

9. The adjustable-capacity and adjustable-voltage traction transformer according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: The n tap heads and n tap tail heads of the upper left voltage regulating coil (511), lower left voltage regulating coil (512), upper right voltage regulating coil (521), and lower right voltage regulating coil (522) are respectively led out radially.

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