Single cell and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single battery and battery pack, this single battery includes the casing, and the casing has the accommodation cavity, and the electric core is located in the accommodation cavity, and the top cover is located in the casing and closes the accommodation cavity, and the top cover constructs on the top cover and is communicated with the gas pressure hole of the accommodation cavity, and the gas pressure strain gauge is pasted in the gas pressure hole, and the gas pressure strain gauge is used for detecting the gas pressure of gas pressure hole, and the deformation strain gauge is arranged on the outer surface of casing, and the deformation strain gauge is used for detecting the deformation of casing, and the collection board is located in the one side of the top cover and is opposite the casing, and the collection board is electric respectively connected gas pressure strain gauge, deformation strain gauge, the utility model discloses through setting the gas pressure strain gauge detection battery internal gas pressure change at the gas pressure hole of the top cover, and the deformation strain gauge is set up simultaneously on the outer surface of casing and detects the physical deformation of casing, realizes the all -round monitoring to the inside and outside state of battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power battery technology, and in particular to a single cell battery and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of applications such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, battery safety and performance monitoring have become crucial. Battery cells expand and deform during charging and discharging, phenomena that may indicate internal pressure buildup or other potential problems. Failure to detect and address these issues promptly can lead to battery failure or even safety accidents. Therefore, accurately monitoring cell expansion and deformation is one of the key technologies for ensuring the safe operation of battery systems.

[0003] Currently, a common monitoring method in related technologies is to place a strain gauge at a single point on the surface of the battery cell casing and infer the overall deformation of the battery cell by measuring the strain at that point. This method is widely used because it is simple to implement and has low cost.

[0004] However, a single data point is insufficient to provide complete information on the overall health status of the battery cell. In cases of uneven internal pressure distribution or local anomalies, the accuracy and reliability of the detection will decrease significantly. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a single-cell battery that aims to solve the problem that a single data point is insufficient to provide complete information on the overall health status of the cell.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a single-cell battery, which includes:

[0007] A housing having a receiving cavity;

[0008] The battery cell is disposed in the accommodating cavity;

[0009] A top cover, which is disposed on the housing and closes the accommodating cavity, and the top cover is provided with an air pressure hole;

[0010] A pneumatic strain gauge is disposed at the pneumatic pressure hole and is used to detect the pneumatic pressure of the pneumatic pressure hole.

[0011] A strain gauge is disposed in the middle of the outer surface of the housing, and the strain gauge is used to detect the deformation of the housing;

[0012] A data acquisition plate is disposed on the side of the top cover facing away from the housing, and the data acquisition plate is electrically connected to the pneumatic strain gauge and the deformation strain gauge respectively.

[0013] In some embodiments, the strain gauge includes a plurality of first strain gauges; the housing is arranged in the form of a cuboid, the housing has a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall connected in sequence, the first sidewall is opposite to the third sidewall, the second sidewall and the fourth sidewall are opposite to each other, and the first strain gauges are disposed on the outer surfaces of at least two of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall and the fourth sidewall.

[0014] In some embodiments, the strain gauge further includes a second strain gauge, which is disposed on one of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall, and the fourth sidewall, on the outer surface of which the first strain gauge is not disposed.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first strain gauge is provided on the outer surface of both the first sidewall and the third sidewall, and the first strain gauge provided on the first sidewall and the first strain gauge provided on the third sidewall are symmetrically arranged.

[0016] In some embodiments, a second strain gauge is disposed on the outer surface of the second sidewall, and another second strain gauge is disposed on the outer surface of the fourth sidewall; wherein, one second strain gauge is located in the middle of the second sidewall, and the other second strain gauge is located in the middle of the fourth sidewall.

[0017] In some embodiments, the single cell further includes an aluminum foil, which covers the pressure hole, and the pressure strain gauge is attached to the aluminum foil.

[0018] In some embodiments, the single cell further includes an FPC cable attached to the outer surface of the housing, the acquisition board is electrically connected to one end of the FPC cable, and the deformation strain gauge is electrically connected to the other end of the FPC cable.

[0019] In some embodiments, the housing has an opening on the side opposite to the top cover, and an explosion-proof valve is disposed in the opening.

[0020] This utility model further proposes a battery pack, including a housing and individual batteries from the aforementioned embodiments. The individual batteries are arranged in a multi-row array, with two rows of individual batteries arranged at intervals within the housing in a manner where the terminals face each other.

[0021] In some embodiments, the strain gauges of adjacent individual cells are staggered.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this utility model's technical solution are as follows: By setting a pressure strain gauge at the pressure vent of the top cover to detect changes in internal gas pressure, and simultaneously setting a deformation strain gauge on the outer surface of the casing to detect physical deformation of the casing, comprehensive monitoring of the battery's internal and external states is achieved. The pressure strain gauge can capture gas pressure fluctuations generated by electrochemical reactions inside the cell, promptly detecting early signs of abnormal states such as thermal runaway, overcharging, and over-discharging; the deformation strain gauge can measure the minute deformation of the casing under internal pressure, reflecting the degree of battery expansion and structural integrity. The two strain gauges achieve unified data acquisition and processing through a data acquisition board, forming a multi-dimensional, multi-data-point monitoring system combining internal pressure monitoring and external deformation detection. This comprehensively assesses the battery's health status from different angles, provides early warnings of potential safety risks, and offers more complete and accurate cell health status information for the battery management system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery cell in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of a single battery cell in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery cell in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0028] 100, housing; 100a, accommodating cavity; 101, first sidewall; 102, second sidewall; 103, third sidewall; 104, fourth sidewall;

[0029] 200. Battery cell;

[0030] 300, top cover; 300a, air pressure vent;

[0031] 400. Pneumatic strain gauge;

[0032] 500, Deformation strain gauge; 501, First deformation strain gauge; 502, Second deformation strain gauge;

[0033] 600, data acquisition board;

[0034] 700, aluminum foil;

[0035] 800, FPC cable;

[0036] 900, orifice; 901, explosion-proof valve.

[0037] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The solutions in the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0039] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0040] It should also be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component present. When a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component present.

[0041] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this utility model is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 An embodiment of this utility model proposes a single-cell battery, which includes:

[0043] Housing 100, housing 100 having a receiving cavity 100a;

[0044] Battery cell 200 is disposed in accommodating cavity 100a;

[0045] Top cover 300, top cover 300 is placed on housing 100 and closes accommodating cavity 100a, top cover 300 is provided with air pressure hole 300a;

[0046] A pneumatic strain gauge 400 is installed at a pneumatic pressure hole 300a and is used to detect the air pressure at the pneumatic pressure hole 300a.

[0047] A strain gauge 500 is disposed in the middle of the outer surface of the housing 100 and is used to detect the deformation of the housing 100.

[0048] The acquisition plate 600 is located on the side of the top cover 300 facing away from the housing 100. The acquisition plate 600 is electrically connected to the pneumatic strain gauge 400 and the deformation strain gauge 500 respectively.

[0049] In this embodiment, the housing 100 serves as the main supporting structure of the single battery cell, functioning to house the battery cell 200, withstand internal pressure, provide mechanical protection, and ensure the isolation of the battery cell 200 from the external environment. The housing 100 can be cylindrical, cuboid, cube, pouch-shaped, or other geometric shapes optimized according to the application scenario. The material can be aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or composite material to ensure good thermal conductivity and structural strength.

[0050] In this embodiment, the battery cell 200 serves to store and release electrical energy, conduct electrochemical reactions, and generate the main functional output of the battery. Its winding process can be adjusted according to the shape of the housing 100, employing cylindrical winding, square winding, or lamination processes. Alternatively, the shape of the housing 100 can be adapted to the size and performance requirements of the battery cell 200. The top cover 300 is placed over the housing 100 and seals the accommodating cavity 100a, ensuring the battery cell 200 is in a sealed environment and providing a mounting base for various monitoring components.

[0051] In this embodiment, the pneumatic strain gauge 400 can be a piezoresistive strain gauge, a capacitive pressure sensor, or a piezoelectric sensor. Its principle is to sense the deformation of the diaphragm caused by changes in air pressure and convert the pressure signal into an electrical signal output, featuring fast response speed, high accuracy, and good stability. The deformation strain gauge 500 can be a metal foil strain gauge, a semiconductor strain gauge, or a fiber optic strain sensor. Its principle is based on the strain effect; when the housing 100 undergoes a slight deformation, the resistance value of the strain gauge changes accordingly, and the degree of deformation of the housing 100 is reflected by measuring the change in resistance.

[0052] In this embodiment, the acquisition board 600 can be an integrated PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly), mounted on the side of the top cover 300 facing away from the housing 100, for easy maintenance and signal transmission. The main functions of the acquisition board 600 are signal conditioning, data acquisition, preliminary processing, and communication interface with the upper-level system. It integrates functional units such as analog-to-digital converter, signal amplification circuit, filtering circuit, and communication module.

[0053] This single-cell battery achieves comprehensive monitoring of its internal and external states through the coordinated operation of a pressure strain gauge 400 and a deformation strain gauge 500. Specifically, when the battery is in normal operating condition, the internal air pressure detected by the pressure strain gauge 400 remains within the set normal range, and the deformation of the casing 100 measured by the deformation strain gauge 500 remains within the elastic deformation range. When the battery expands slightly, the internal air pressure begins to rise, the output signal of the pressure strain gauge 400 increases, and at the same time, the outer wall of the casing 100 undergoes slight outward deformation, and the resistance of the deformation strain gauge 500 changes accordingly. When the battery exhibits abnormal expansion or signs of impending thermal runaway, the internal gas pressure increases sharply, the pressure strain gauge 400 detects a pressure peak, the deformation of the casing 100 exceeds the safety threshold, and the deformation strain gauge 500 generates a significant resistance change signal.

[0054] The acquisition board 600 acquires signals from two types of strain gauges in real time, converting analog signals into digital signals via a built-in analog-to-digital converter. Furthermore, the acquisition board 600 can integrate a data processing module to perform real-time analysis, filtering and noise reduction, feature extraction, and status assessment on the acquired pressure and deformation data. The processing results are then fed back to the battery management system's main control unit or the host computer monitoring system via CAN bus, RS485, or wireless communication, ultimately generating intelligent outputs such as battery health status reports, safety warnings, performance degradation trend analysis, and maintenance recommendations.

[0055] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By setting a pressure strain gauge 400 at the pressure hole 300a of the top cover 300 to detect changes in the internal gas pressure of the battery, and simultaneously setting a deformation strain gauge 500 on the outer surface of the casing 100 to detect the physical deformation of the casing 100, comprehensive and multi-dimensional monitoring of the internal and external states of the battery is achieved. The pressure strain gauge 400 can sensitively capture gas pressure fluctuations generated by the electrochemical reaction inside the cell 200, and promptly detect early signs of abnormal states such as battery thermal runaway, overcharging and over-discharging, and electrolyte decomposition, providing key data support for preventive maintenance; the deformation strain gauge 500 can accurately measure the minute deformation of the casing 100 under internal pressure, reflecting the degree of battery expansion, structural integrity, and mechanical stress distribution in real time.

[0056] Two strain gauges are used to achieve unified data acquisition, synchronous processing, and intelligent analysis via the acquisition board 600. This forms a multi-dimensional, multi-data-point, high-precision monitoring system that combines internal pressure monitoring and external deformation detection. It comprehensively assesses the battery's health status and safety level from the perspectives of both pressure and deformation. This technical solution can provide early warnings of potential safety risks, significantly improve the safety and reliability of the battery system, and provide the battery management system with more complete, accurate, and real-time cell health status information. This effectively extends battery life, reduces maintenance costs, and enhances the overall system's intelligence level and user experience.

[0057] See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the strain gauge 500 includes a first strain gauge 501; the housing 100 is arranged in the shape of a cuboid and has a first side wall 101, a second side wall 102, a third side wall 103 and a fourth side wall 104 connected in sequence. The first side wall 101 and the third side wall 103 are opposite to each other, and the second side wall 102 and the fourth side wall 104 are opposite to each other. The first strain gauge 501 is provided on the outer surface of at least two of the first side wall 101, the second side wall 102, the third side wall 103 and the fourth side wall 104.

[0058] In this embodiment, the housing 100 of the single battery cell is rectangular, with a regular geometric structure and good space utilization, which facilitates compact arrangement and thermal management optimization within the battery module. The four side walls of the rectangular housing 100 provide ample mounting area for the arrangement of the strain gauges 500, and the relative positional relationship of the side walls is conducive to achieving multi-directional deformation monitoring.

[0059] In this scheme, there are several optimized options for the arrangement of the first deformation strain gauge 501. Specifically, a configuration scheme in which the first deformation strain gauge 501 is set on both the first sidewall 101 and the third sidewall 103 can be adopted. Since the first sidewall 101 and the third sidewall 103 are arranged in a spatial relationship with each other, this layout can effectively monitor the bidirectional expansion deformation of the cell 200 along the length direction. When the internal pressure of the battery increases, the strain gauges on the opposite sidewalls can simultaneously detect the symmetrical deformation of the casing 100. By comparing and analyzing the deformation data on both sides, the overall expansion state and structural symmetry of the battery can be accurately determined, avoiding the detection blind spot caused by single-sided monitoring.

[0060] In another embodiment, both the first sidewall 101 and the second sidewall 102 may be provided with first deformation strain gauges 501. This arrangement of adjacent sidewalls can monitor the deformation characteristics of the battery in different directions, and is suitable for monitoring the asymmetric expansion or local abnormal deformation of the cell 200. By setting strain gauges on adjacent sidewalls, a two-dimensional deformation monitoring network can be constructed to capture the composite deformation modes of the casing 100 in the X and Y planes in real time, providing more accurate data support for the three-dimensional health status assessment of the battery.

[0061] By arranging the first deformation strain gauge 501 at multiple points and combining it with the gas pressure strain gauge 400 at the gas pressure hole 300a of the top cover 300, a three-dimensional monitoring system combining internal pressure monitoring and multi-directional external deformation detection is formed. This makes the battery status detection more comprehensive and accurate, and can comprehensively evaluate the battery's safety status and performance degradation trend from different spatial dimensions and physical parameter perspectives, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy and early warning capability of the battery management system.

[0062] See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the strain gauge 500 further includes a second strain gauge 502, which is disposed on one of the first sidewall 101, the second sidewall 102, the third sidewall 103 and the fourth sidewall 104, on the outer surface of which the first strain gauge 501 is not disposed.

[0063] In this embodiment, based on the structural characteristics of the cuboid shell 100 and the requirement for comprehensive deformation monitoring, a multi-level monitoring scheme combining a first deformation strain gauge 501 and a second deformation strain gauge 502 is adopted. Specifically, in addition to the first deformation strain gauge 501 being provided on the first side wall 101 and the third side wall 103, second deformation strain gauges 502 are further provided on the second side wall 102 and the fourth side wall 104 respectively, forming a four-sided, all-round deformation monitoring network.

[0064] It should be noted that, since the first sidewall 101 and the third sidewall 103 are large areas of the housing 100, possessing a large surface area and more significant deformation response characteristics, the first deformation strain gauge 501 can adopt a large-area strain gauge design to fully utilize the monitoring advantages of the large surface area and obtain higher signal strength and measurement accuracy. Correspondingly, the second sidewall 102 and the fourth sidewall 104, as the side areas of the housing 100, have relatively compact space. Therefore, the second deformation strain gauge 502 can adopt a smaller-area strain gauge configuration, which can effectively monitor the deformation characteristics of the sides without affecting the installation effect and signal quality due to space limitations.

[0065] In this embodiment, by installing strain gauges on both the large and side surfaces of the casing 100, a complete monitoring system covering the four main deformation directions of the battery is constructed. Combined with the air pressure strain gauge 400 on the top cover 300, a more comprehensive internal and external collaborative monitoring mode is achieved. This multi-point, multi-dimensional detection scheme can simultaneously capture deformation information in the main expansion direction (large surface direction) and the secondary deformation direction (side direction) of the battery. Through data fusion analysis of internal air pressure monitoring and external four-sided deformation detection, various abnormal states of the battery can be accurately identified, including complex deformation modes such as uniform expansion, asymmetric deformation, and local bulging, providing more accurate and reliable multi-parameter monitoring data support for battery safety management.

[0066] See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the outer surfaces of the first sidewall 101 and the third sidewall 103 are provided with first deformation strain gauges 501, and the first deformation strain gauges 501 provided on the first sidewall 101 and the first deformation strain gauges 501 provided on the third sidewall 103 are symmetrically arranged.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first strain gauges 501 on the first sidewall 101 and the third sidewall 103 are arranged symmetrically, that is, the installation positions, angles and directions of the two strain gauges on their respective sidewalls are mirror-symmetrical. For example, if the first strain gauge 501 on the first sidewall 101 is at a height of H1 from the bottom of the housing 100 and at a distance of W1 from the side, then the first strain gauge 501 on the third sidewall 103 is also at a height of H1 from the bottom of the housing 100 and at a distance of W1 from the corresponding side. The line connecting the geometric centers of the two strain gauges is perpendicular to the surfaces of the first sidewall 101 and the third sidewall 103, forming a symmetrical spatial layout.

[0068] This symmetrical setup offers significant monitoring advantages: Firstly, when the battery expands uniformly, the symmetrical deformation of the opposite sidewalls generates strain signals with similar values ​​on the two first deformation strain gauges 501. Signal comparison verifies the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results. Secondly, when the battery exhibits asymmetrical expansion or local anomalies, the two symmetrically positioned strain gauges detect different deformation data, and the signal difference directly reflects the degree and directionality of the battery's asymmetrical deformation. Furthermore, the symmetrical setup facilitates differential signal processing and fault diagnosis on the acquisition board 600. By comparing the output signals of the strain gauges on both sides, systemic problems such as sensor malfunctions and poor contact can be effectively identified, improving the fault tolerance and long-term stability of the monitoring system.

[0069] Continue reading Figure 2 In this embodiment, a second strain gauge 502 is provided on the outer surface of the second sidewall 102, and another second strain gauge 502 is provided on the outer surface of the fourth sidewall 104; wherein, one second strain gauge 502 is located in the middle of the second sidewall 102, and the other second strain gauge 502 is located in the middle of the fourth sidewall 104.

[0070] In this embodiment, based on the mechanical deformation characteristics analysis of the cuboid shell 100, the deformation of the planar region of the sidewall is larger than that of the corner of the sidewall. Therefore, a second deformation strain gauge 502 is positioned at the geometric center of the second sidewall 102, and another second deformation strain gauge 502 is symmetrically positioned at the geometric center of the fourth sidewall 104. When the internal pressure of the battery increases, the maximum deformation of the sidewall usually occurs in the central region far from the edge constraint, while the corner is relatively small in deformation due to the constraint of the adjacent wall surface and is prone to stress concentration. By placing the second deformation strain gauge 502 in the center of the sidewall, the most representative deformation signal in this direction can be obtained, avoiding the interference of the complex stress state in the corner region on the measurement accuracy. At the same time, the central position has good signal stability and reproducibility. When the battery undergoes periodic charging and discharging expansion, the strain response in the central region is more linear and predictable, which is conducive to establishing an accurate deformation-pressure correlation model. In addition, the central arrangement facilitates the installation, fixation, and long-term maintenance of strain gauges. Being away from sharp edges can effectively avoid mechanical damage and stress fatigue, extend the service life of the sensors, and ensure the long-term reliability and measurement consistency of the monitoring system.

[0071] See Figure 3 In this embodiment, the single cell also includes an aluminum foil 700, which covers the pressure hole 300a, and a pressure strain gauge is attached to the aluminum foil 700.

[0072] In this embodiment, the air pressure hole 300a of the top cover 300 is sealed with aluminum foil 700 of the same thickness as the explosion-proof valve 901. This ensures that the mechanical strength of both ends of the battery cell 200 remains consistent, avoiding structural imbalance caused by local weak points. The aluminum foil 700 has good ductility, corrosion resistance, and airtightness, effectively sealing the air pressure hole 300a while maintaining sensitive response characteristics to internal pressure changes.

[0073] When an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the battery cell 200, producing gas, or when temperature changes cause gas expansion, the minute changes in internal gas pressure directly affect the surface of the aluminum foil 700, causing corresponding outward or inward minute undulation deformations. Since the physical parameters of the aluminum foil 700 material, such as its elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, are known, and its geometric dimensions are precisely controllable, these minute surface strain changes can be detected in real time by using a pressure strain gauge 400 attached to the outer surface of the aluminum foil 700.

[0074] Based on the thin film theory and elastic deformation principle of materials mechanics, and combined with the material parameters, geometric dimensions, and boundary constraints of aluminum foil 700, a precise mathematical correlation model between the surface strain of aluminum foil 700 and its internal air pressure can be established. By acquiring and processing the output signal of the pressure strain gauge 400, the real-time air pressure value inside the battery cell 200 can be accurately deduced, enabling quantitative monitoring of the internal pressure state of the battery.

[0075] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the single cell also includes an FPC cable 800 attached to the outer surface of the housing 100, the acquisition board 600 is electrically connected to one end of the FPC cable 800, and the strain gauge 500 is electrically connected to the other end of the FPC cable 800.

[0076] In this embodiment, the FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) cable serves as a key transmission medium connecting the acquisition board 600 and the strain gauge 500. It fully utilizes its excellent flexibility and fit to achieve precise adaptation for surface deformation monitoring of the housing 100. The FPC cable 800 employs a polyimide substrate and an ultra-thin copper foil conductor structure, exhibiting excellent bending performance and tensile adaptability. When attached to the outer surface of the housing 100, it can closely conform to the geometric contours of the housing 100, producing corresponding coordinated deformation with minute deformations of the housing 100.

[0077] When changes in internal battery pressure cause the casing 100 to expand or contract, the FPC cable 800 attached to the outer surface of the casing 100 deforms synchronously with the deformation trajectory of the casing 100 surface. This flexible following characteristic ensures that the strain gauge 500 always maintains a good mechanical coupling relationship with the surface of the casing 100, avoiding stress concentration, loose contact, or measurement errors that may be caused by rigid connections. The strain gauge 500 integrated at the other end of the FPC cable 800 can accurately reflect the strain state of the casing 100 surface through the transmission effect of the flexible substrate, without signal distortion caused by the rigid constraint of the connection medium.

[0078] Furthermore, the flexible design of the FPC cable 800 also boasts excellent fatigue resistance, capable of withstanding repeated deformations during battery charge-discharge cycles, maintaining long-term connection reliability and signal transmission stability. Simultaneously, the thin structure of the FPC cable 800 does not significantly increase the battery's size and weight, facilitating compact arrangement and optimized space utilization within battery modules.

[0079] See Figure 4 In this embodiment, the housing 100 has an opening 900 on the side opposite to the top cover 300, and an explosion-proof valve 901 is installed inside the opening 900.

[0080] In this embodiment, a dedicated safety pressure relief port 900 is provided at the bottom of the housing 100 to provide a mating interface for the installation of the explosion-proof valve 901. As the last safety barrier for the battery, the explosion-proof valve 901 can adopt a pressure-sensitive metal diaphragm structure. When the internal pressure of the battery reaches a preset danger threshold (e.g., 0.8-1.2 MPa), the diaphragm of the explosion-proof valve 901 will rupture instantaneously, rapidly releasing the high-pressure gas accumulated inside.

[0081] The explosion-proof valve 901 and the pressure strain gauge 400 at the top cover 300 form a layered safety monitoring system: the pressure strain gauge 400 is responsible for daily pressure monitoring and early warning, and can issue an alarm signal in the early stage of pressure abnormality; while the explosion-proof valve 901 provides emergency pressure relief protection in extreme dangerous situations to prevent the battery casing 100 from being exploded due to overpressure.

[0082] This utility model further proposes a battery pack, including a housing and individual battery cells as described in the foregoing embodiments. The specific structure of the individual battery cell is as described in the foregoing embodiments. Since this battery pack adopts all the technical solutions of all the foregoing embodiments, it has at least all the technical effects brought about by the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described in detail here. The individual battery cells are arranged in a multi-row array, with two rows of battery cells arranged alternately within the housing in a manner where the terminals face each other.

[0083] In this embodiment, the battery pack adopts a modular integrated design, with the housing providing a unified platform for mechanical support, thermal management, and electrical connection of the individual cells. Multiple individual cells are arranged in a regular array to form a high-density energy storage matrix, making full use of the available space inside the housing. The two rows of battery cells are arranged with their terminals facing each other, meaning the positive and negative terminals of adjacent rows are arranged face-to-face. This arrangement effectively shortens the electrical connection path, reduces internal resistance loss, and facilitates the deployment of the data acquisition antenna and centralized control of the battery management system.

[0084] Each individual cell's pressure strain gauge 400 and deformation strain gauge 500 establish a communication connection with the battery pack's main control system via their respective acquisition boards 600, forming a distributed multi-point monitoring network. The main control system can collect and analyze the pressure changes and deformation data of each individual cell in real time, and achieve battery pack-level health status assessment, fault early warning, and equalization management through big data processing and intelligent algorithms.

[0085] Furthermore, the strain gauges of adjacent individual cells are staggered by 500.

[0086] In this embodiment, the strain gauges 500 of adjacent individual cells are arranged in a staggered manner. For example, the strain gauge 500 of the preceding cell is located slightly below the center point of the large surface area, while the strain gauge 500 of the following cell maintains a symmetrical relationship with the strain gauge of the preceding cell but has a certain positional offset in the vertical direction. When the cells are arranged in series, the strain gauges between adjacent cells 200 will not overlap or interfere with each other in space, effectively avoiding problems such as electromagnetic interference, signal crosstalk, or mechanical contact that may occur between adjacent strain gauges. Thus, through the staggered arrangement, the monitoring system of each individual cell maintains relative independence, while forming a high-density, interference-free distributed monitoring network at the battery pack level, ensuring the accuracy of data acquisition and the stability of system operation.

[0087] The above description is only a part or preferred embodiment of this utility model. Neither the text nor the drawings should limit the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made using the content of this utility model specification and drawings under the overall concept of this utility model, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, include: A housing having a receiving cavity; The battery cell is disposed in the accommodating cavity; A top cover is provided on the housing and closes the receiving cavity, and the top cover is provided with an air pressure hole communicating with the receiving cavity; A pneumatic strain gauge is disposed at the pneumatic pressure hole and is used to detect the pneumatic pressure of the pneumatic pressure hole. A strain gauge is disposed on the outer surface of the housing and is used to detect the deformation of the housing. A data acquisition plate is disposed on the side of the top cover facing away from the housing, and the data acquisition plate is electrically connected to the pneumatic strain gauge and the deformation strain gauge respectively.

2. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deformation strain gauge includes a plurality of first deformation strain gauges; the housing is cuboid and has a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall connected in sequence, the first sidewall and the third sidewall are opposite to each other, the second sidewall and the fourth sidewall are opposite to each other, and the first deformation strain gauges are disposed on the outer surfaces of at least two of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall and the fourth sidewall.

3. The single-cell battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The strain gauge further includes a second strain gauge, which is disposed on one of the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall, and the fourth sidewall, on the outer surface of which the first strain gauge is not disposed.

4. The single-cell battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first strain gauge is provided on the outer surface of both the first sidewall and the third sidewall, and the first strain gauges provided on the first sidewall and the first strain gauges provided on the third sidewall are symmetrically arranged.

5. The single-cell battery according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The outer surface of the second sidewall is provided with a second strain gauge, and the outer surface of the fourth sidewall is provided with another second strain gauge; wherein, one second strain gauge is located in the middle of the second sidewall, and the other second strain gauge is located in the middle of the fourth sidewall.

6. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single cell also includes an aluminum foil, which covers the pressure hole, and the pressure strain gauge is attached to the aluminum foil.

7. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single cell also includes a ribbon cable attached to the outer surface of the casing, the acquisition board is electrically connected to one end of the ribbon cable, and the deformation strain gauge is electrically connected to the other end of the ribbon cable.

8. The single-cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing has an opening on the side opposite to the top cover, and an explosion-proof valve is installed inside the opening.

9. A battery pack, characterized in that, It includes a housing and a single battery cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the single battery cell is arranged in a multi-row array, and two rows of battery cells are arranged at intervals in the housing with their terminals facing each other.

10. The battery pack according to claim 9, characterized in that, The strain gauges of adjacent individual cells are misaligned.

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