A management system of linearly adjustable charging current capable of eliminating battery end voltage tolerance

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of linearly adjustable management systems of charging current of battery end voltage tolerance elimination, including battery pack, several equalization modules, total switch module, control system and current sampling module;Battery pack is constituted by single battery series connection, and each single battery is connected with one equalization module in parallel, and equalization module can detect single battery end voltage and form shunt loop when meeting equalization condition;Total switch module is connected in series in charging main circuit, and is controlled by control system;Current sampling module collects charging current signal and transmits to control system;Control system receives equalization signal and current sampling signal of equalization module, generates control signal to adjust total switch module, realizes charging current linear regulation;The application can ensure that full single battery voltage is stable, and not full single battery is charged to full, and charging efficiency and safety are considered, prolong the cycle life of battery pack, and cost is controllable and strong adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery equalization management technology, specifically to a linearly adjustable charging current management system that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power supply for electrical equipment, battery packs are widely used in new energy vehicles, energy storage devices, and portable electronic devices because they can meet high power and high voltage requirements. They are typically composed of multiple individual battery cells connected in series. However, due to differences in material purity and manufacturing precision during battery production, even individual cells from the same batch exhibit slight variations in initial performance. As the number of charge-discharge cycles increases, the impedance, temperature characteristics, and self-discharge rates of each individual cell further diverge, leading to significant voltage and charge imbalances among them. This imbalance directly triggers the "weakest link effect" during battery pack charging and discharging—during charging, some individual cells reach full voltage first, while the remaining cells are still not fully charged. If charging continues, the fully charged cells face the risk of overcharging; if charging stops, the overall capacity of the battery pack is not fully utilized. Over time, this leads to continuous capacity decay, decreased safety, and a severely shortened cycle life.

[0003] Current industry solutions for battery pack equalization charging are mainly divided into two categories: energy dissipation and energy transfer. Energy dissipation solutions reduce the current flowing into a single battery cell by connecting a resistor in parallel across it, thus lowering its energy input rate. However, this solution has a significant drawback: current continues to flow into the equalized battery cell during the current shunting process, causing its voltage to continue to rise slowly, failing to fundamentally avoid overcharging safety hazards. Energy transfer solutions use converters to transfer excess energy from higher-voltage cells to lower-voltage cells. While this achieves energy recovery, the system structure is complex and costly, and it places stringent requirements on the converter's conversion efficiency and stability. Furthermore, both solutions rely on accurate real-time battery status detection to trigger the equalization mode. Existing detection methods often use real-time voltage or real-time charge as the basis for judgment, which not only demands high accuracy and response speed from the detection chip, increasing hardware costs, but also makes it difficult to completely avoid the influence of instantaneous overvoltage and undervoltage interference signals on the detection results, leading to deviations in the equalization trigger timing.

[0004] Existing equalization charging technology faces a core contradiction: to avoid overcharging individual cells, charging of the entire battery pack must be stopped immediately when the voltage of a single cell reaches the overvoltage protection point. However, at this time, other cells in the battery pack are often not fully charged, failing to fully release the usable capacity of the battery pack. The key reason for this problem is that the main circuit current of the charging circuit in existing solutions is much greater than the dissipation current of the equalization module. Even if a fully charged cell is connected to the dissipation module, its voltage will continue to rise due to the non-zero net input current. When the highest-voltage cell reaches the overvoltage point, the charging system can only be forced to stop, leading to the dilemma of "not fully charging" and "being afraid of overcharging." At the same time, traditional solutions lack the ability to linearly adjust the charging current, failing to dynamically match the current size according to the equalization requirements, further exacerbating the problems of low battery pack capacity utilization and shortened lifespan, making it difficult to meet the current equipment's requirements for efficient, safe, and long-life operation of battery packs. Utility Model Content

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, this application discloses a management system with linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance, specifically including a battery pack, several equalization modules, a master switch module, a control system and a current sampling module; The battery pack is composed of several individual cells connected in series; each individual cell is connected in parallel to an equalization module, which is used to detect the terminal voltage of the corresponding individual cell and form a shunt circuit when the terminal voltage of the individual cell meets the equalization activation condition. The main switch module is connected in series in the main charging circuit of the battery pack, and the main switch module is electrically connected to the control system to receive the control signal output by the control system. The current sampling module is installed on the main charging circuit and is electrically connected to the control system. It is used to collect the charging current signal in the main charging circuit and transmit it to the control system. The control system is electrically connected to each of the equalization modules and is used to receive the equalization signal output by the equalization module. The control system can generate a control signal based on the equalization signal and the charging current signal, and adjust the main switch module through the control signal to achieve linear adjustment of the charging current.

[0006] Preferably, the equalization module includes a power management IC, a switching transistor, and a dissipation resistor; the power input terminal of the power management IC is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding individual battery cells, respectively, for directly acquiring and detecting the terminal voltage of the individual battery cells; one end of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the individual battery cell, the other end of the switching transistor is electrically connected to one end of the dissipation resistor, and the other end of the dissipation resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the individual battery cell, forming an equalization circuit in parallel with the individual battery cells; the control output terminal of the power management IC is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor, for outputting a control signal to control the switching transistor to turn on and off according to the detected terminal voltage of the individual battery cells, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection of the equalization circuit.

[0007] Preferably, the power management IC also has a signal transmission terminal, which is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system; the power management IC can integrate the detected real-time terminal voltage data of a single battery cell and the control signal status output to the switching transistor into an equalization signal, which is transmitted to the control system in real time through the signal transmission terminal.

[0008] Preferably, the main switch module includes at least one charging MOSFET, the source and drain of which are connected in series in the main charging circuit to form a current path in the main charging circuit; the gate of the charging MOSFET serves as the signal input terminal of the main switch module and is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the control system; the control system adjusts the voltage value output to the gate of the charging MOSFET to change the on-resistance of the charging MOSFET, so that the charging MOSFET operates in the linear conduction region, thereby adjusting the current of the main charging circuit.

[0009] Preferably, the signal output terminal of the control system can output a PWM waveform signal, which is directly transmitted to the gate of the charging MOSFET; the control system has a built-in PWM signal adjustment unit, which adjusts the average voltage of the gate of the charging MOSFET by changing the duty cycle of the PWM waveform signal, thereby changing the on-resistance of the charging MOSFET and realizing linear regulation of the charging current of the charging main circuit.

[0010] Preferably, the control system is equipped with an equalization charging management program; the equalization charging management program reads the output equalization state signal analysis results, generates a PWM waveform duty cycle adjustment command based on the analysis results, and sends it to the PWM signal adjustment unit to control the PWM signal adjustment unit to change the duty cycle of the PWM waveform.

[0011] Preferably, the control system uses an MCU or DSP as the main control chip, which integrates an AD conversion unit, a DA conversion unit, a storage unit, and a communication unit. The AD conversion unit is used to convert the analog signals transmitted by the current sampling module and the equalization module into digital signals. The DA conversion unit is used to generate analog control signals for the main control switch module. The storage unit is used to store the equalization charging management program, preset parameters, and collected battery data. The communication unit is used to realize data interaction between the control system and external devices.

[0012] Preferably, the current sampling module includes a sampling resistor, a signal amplification unit, and a filtering unit. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the main charging circuit. When the charging current in the main charging circuit flows through the sampling resistor, a voltage signal proportional to the current magnitude is formed across the sampling resistor. The input terminal of the signal amplification unit is electrically connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor to amplify the weak voltage signal across the sampling resistor to meet the signal amplitude recognition requirements of the control system. The input terminal of the filtering unit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the signal amplification unit to filter out high-frequency interference signals in the amplified voltage signal, obtaining a stable current sampling signal. The output terminal of the filtering unit is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system to transmit the stable current sampling signal to the control system for charging current adjustment and status judgment.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following technical effects: This invention effectively eliminates battery pack terminal voltage tolerance and prevents overcharging of individual cells. The equalization module monitors the terminal voltage of individual cells in real time. When a cell reaches the equalization activation condition, the equalization module forms a shunt circuit. The control system, combined with the current sampling module signal, adjusts the main switch module to dynamically match the charging main circuit current with the equalization shunt current. Cells that have reached the equalization condition have stable terminal voltages due to balanced charging and discharging currents; cells that have not reached the equalization condition continue charging until the equalization voltage is reached. Ultimately, all cells are fully charged, completely resolving the contradiction between "incomplete charging" and "overcharging" in traditional solutions, ensuring full utilization of the battery pack capacity.

[0014] This invention features linearly adjustable charging current, balancing charging efficiency and balancing equalization. The charging MOSFET in the main switch module operates in the linear region. The control system adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM waveform to change the MOSFET's on-resistance, achieving linear adjustment of the charging current. When no individual battery needs equalization, the system charges rapidly with a larger current; when individual batteries need equalization, the current is gradually reduced to ensure continuous equalization. Without requiring additional complex conversion equipment, and without altering the existing charging ecosystem, it improves charging speed while ensuring a stable equalization process, meeting the efficiency and safety requirements of different charging stages.

[0015] This invention boasts high stability, controllable cost, and strong adaptability. The balancing module utilizes an integrated power management IC, integrating voltage and current acquisition, balancing control, and protection functions. It filters out instantaneous interference signals during charging and discharging, reducing hardware complexity and cost. The control system employs an MCU or DSP chip, combined with a preset management program to achieve precise control. Simultaneously, through a current sampling module and voltage detection function, it estimates the battery pack's charge level and monitors current safety. The overall structure is simple and adaptable to different types of series-connected battery packs, extending the battery pack's cycle life while reducing application and maintenance costs.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] Based on the description of the figures and their corresponding technical content in the document, the titles of the figures are as follows: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a management system with linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance. Figure 2 A flowchart outlining the implementation steps of a management system with linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided merely to help fully understand the embodiments of this application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of known functions and structures are omitted in the embodiments.

[0021] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0022] Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples within this application. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0023] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this article describes another type of relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0024] In this article, the term "at least one" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "at least one of A and B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0025] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. Example

[0026] This embodiment mainly describes a linearly adjustable charging current management system that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a battery pack, several equalization modules, a main switch module, a control system, and a current sampling module; The battery pack is formed by connecting several individual cells in series to provide power output or receive charging power. Each individual cell is connected in parallel with an equalization module. The equalization module has the function of detecting the terminal voltage of the corresponding individual cell and can form a shunt path for the individual cell when the terminal voltage of the individual cell reaches the preset equalization activation condition. The main switch module is connected in series in the main charging circuit that connects the external charging power supply and the battery pack. Its signal input terminal is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the control system, and is used to receive control signals sent by the control system to adjust its own working state. The current sampling module is connected in series in the main charging circuit. Its signal output terminal is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system. It is used to collect the charging current data flowing in the main charging circuit in real time and transmit the collected current signal to the control system. The signal input terminals of the control system are electrically connected to the signal output terminals of each equalization module to receive the equalization status signals sent by each equalization module. The control system has a built-in signal processing unit that can comprehensively process the received equalization status signals and the current signals transmitted by the current sampling module to generate corresponding control signals and send them to the main switch module. The main switch module adjusts the charging current of the charging main circuit to achieve linear regulation of the charging current.

[0027] Furthermore, the equalization module includes a power management IC, a switching transistor, and a dissipation resistor. The power input terminal of the power management IC is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding individual battery cells, respectively, for directly acquiring and detecting the terminal voltage of the individual battery cells. One end of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the individual battery cell, and the other end of the switching transistor is electrically connected to one end of the dissipation resistor, while the other end of the dissipation resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the individual battery cell, forming an equalization circuit in parallel with the individual battery cells. The control output terminal of the power management IC is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor, for outputting a control signal to control the switching transistor to turn on and off based on the detected terminal voltage of the individual battery cells, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection of the equalization circuit.

[0028] Furthermore, the power management IC is also equipped with a signal transmission terminal, which is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system. The power management IC can integrate the detected real-time terminal voltage data of a single battery cell and the control signal status (i.e., the on or off state of the switch) output by itself to the switch transistor into an equalization signal, which is then transmitted to the control system in real time through the signal transmission terminal.

[0029] Furthermore, the master switch module includes at least one charging MOSFET, the source and drain of which are connected in series in the main charging circuit to form a current path in the main charging circuit; the gate of the charging MOSFET serves as the signal input terminal of the master switch module and is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the control system; the control system can adjust the voltage value output to the gate of the charging MOSFET to change the on-resistance of the charging MOSFET, so that the charging MOSFET operates in the linear conduction region, thereby adjusting the current of the main charging circuit; The main switch module also includes a freewheeling diode. The anode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the source of the charging MOSFET, and the cathode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the drain of the charging MOSFET. This freewheeling diode is used to provide a freewheeling path for the inductor in the main charging circuit (if present) when the charging MOSFET is turned off, thereby preventing voltage spikes from damaging the components.

[0030] Furthermore, the control system's signal output terminal can output a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) waveform signal, which is directly transmitted to the gate of the charging MOSFET. The control system has a built-in PWM signal adjustment unit, which can adjust the average voltage of the charging MOSFET gate by changing the duty cycle of the PWM waveform signal, thereby changing the on-resistance of the charging MOSFET and realizing linear regulation of the charging current of the charging main circuit.

[0031] Furthermore, the control system is equipped with an equalization charging management program, which is stored in the storage unit of the control system and electrically connected to the signal processing unit and the PWM signal adjustment unit. The equalization charging management program can read the equalization state signal analysis results output by the signal processing unit, generate a PWM waveform duty cycle adjustment command based on the analysis results, and send it to the PWM signal adjustment unit to control the PWM signal adjustment unit to change the duty cycle of the PWM waveform. The equalization charging management program has a preset equalization signal recognition logic. When the control system determines through this recognition logic that there is an equalization signal sent by at least one equalization module indicating that a single battery cell has reached the equalization start condition, the equalization charging management program generates a "reduce PWM duty cycle" instruction, controlling the PWM signal adjustment unit to gradually reduce the duty cycle of the PWM waveform. When the control system determines through the recognition logic that no equalization module sends the above equalization signal, the equalization charging management program generates a "increase PWM duty cycle" instruction, controlling the PWM signal adjustment unit to gradually increase the duty cycle of the PWM waveform.

[0032] The equalization charging management program also includes a preset stable equalization signal judgment logic. When the control system identifies a continuous and stable output of the equalization signal (i.e., a single battery cell is stably in the equalization state) through this logic, the equalization charging management program first reads the real-time charging current data transmitted by the current sampling module, and calculates the estimated equalization current by combining it with the preset equalization current calculation model (this model is based on the equalization turn-on voltage parameter and the dissipation resistor value parameter, and is used to estimate the shunt current of the equalization circuit). Then, based on the ratio between the real-time charging current and the estimated equalization current, an initial PWM duty cycle adjustment command is generated, controlling the PWM signal adjustment unit to adjust the duty cycle to the corresponding value. After that, the equalization charging management program controls the PWM signal adjustment unit to gradually reduce the duty cycle of the PWM waveform according to a preset fixed ratio.

[0033] Furthermore, the control system uses an MCU (Microcontroller Unit) or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) as the main control chip. This main control chip integrates an AD (Analog-to-Digital) conversion unit, a DA (Digital-to-Analog) conversion unit, a storage unit, and a communication unit. The AD conversion unit is used to convert the analog signals transmitted by the current sampling module and the equalization module into digital signals. The DA conversion unit is used to generate analog control signals for the main control switch module. The storage unit is used to store the equalization charging management program, preset parameters, and collected battery data. The communication unit is used to realize data interaction between the control system and external devices.

[0034] Furthermore, the current sampling module includes a sampling resistor, a signal amplification unit, and a filtering unit. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the main charging circuit. When the charging current in the main charging circuit flows through the sampling resistor, a voltage signal proportional to the current magnitude is formed across the sampling resistor. The input terminal of the signal amplification unit is electrically connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor to amplify the weak voltage signal across the sampling resistor to meet the signal amplitude recognition requirements of the control system. The input terminal of the filtering unit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the signal amplification unit to filter out high-frequency interference signals in the amplified voltage signal, obtaining a stable current sampling signal. The output terminal of the filtering unit is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system to transmit the stable current sampling signal to the control system for charging current adjustment and related status judgment.

[0035] This embodiment details the management system of this application, which effectively eliminates battery pack terminal voltage tolerance and avoids overcharging of individual cells: the equalization module detects the terminal voltage of individual cells, and forms a shunt loop when equalization conditions are met. The control system, in conjunction with the current sampling signal, adjusts the main switch module to dynamically match the charging current with the shunt current, ensuring stable voltage of fully charged cells and continuous charging of cells that are not fully charged until they are fully charged; it has linearly adjustable charging current capability, allowing for high-current fast charging when there is no need for equalization, and reducing current to maintain equalization when needed; it uses integrated components to filter out interference and has controllable cost, which can extend the cycle life of the battery pack and make full use of the battery capacity.

[0036] Based on Example 1, this example details the specific implementation steps of a linearly adjustable charging current management system capable of eliminating battery terminal voltage tolerance, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it specifically includes: S1: Real-time determination of whether any individual cell in the battery pack has reached the equalization activation condition; the equalization activation condition is that the terminal voltage of the individual cell is greater than or equal to the equalization preset voltage, which is the voltage of the individual cell when it is fully charged, and is determined according to the performance of the individual cell itself; if yes, the individual cell that has reached the equalization activation condition proceeds to S2; if not, continue to wait. S2: Turn on the dissipation module connected in parallel with the single cell to shunt the charging current. The current flowing into the dissipation module is the equalization current. Control the gate voltage of the charging MOS in the main circuit to make it work in the linear region, thereby adjusting the charging current so that the charging current in the main circuit is equal to the equalization current. This ensures that the voltage of the cell that has reached the preset equalization voltage stops rising, while the voltage of the cell that has not reached the preset equalization voltage continues to rise. S3: When the voltage of all the power-saving cells reaches the preset equalization voltage, the equalization ends, all dissipation modules and charging MOS are turned off, and at this time all the power-saving cells reach the full charge voltage, and charging ends. In this specific implementation, the battery management chip is used to determine whether equalization is on and off.

[0037] In real-time mode, the impedance of the charging MOS is controlled by adjusting the pulse width of the control waveform of the main switch module in the charging main circuit, thereby adjusting the charging current in the charging main circuit; other methods can also be used to change the magnitude of the charging current, such as using a converter to control the current magnitude.

[0038] In its specific implementation, a current sampling module is set on the main charging circuit to collect the charging current in real time and send it to the control system; when the equalization signal is detected, the control system adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM waveform as follows: First, the duty cycle of the PWM waveform for one cycle is adjusted based on the estimated ratio of the balancing current to the charging current. Adjust to ,in, This indicates the charging current collected in real time. This indicates the estimated equalization current. , This indicates the equalization activation voltage, which is the preset voltage of a single cell. The value of the dissipation resistor is indicated (in this specific embodiment, two resistors are connected in parallel to form the dissipation resistor). Since the individual battery is both discharging and charging in the equalization state, the battery voltage is constantly changing, and the equalization current changes with the battery voltage. It is difficult to accurately calculate the magnitude of the equalization current. Therefore, the equalization current is estimated, and the duty cycle is reduced by a fixed ratio until the effective equalization signal disappears.

[0039] Based on the real-time collected charging current, the control system can also estimate the battery pack capacity (using existing capacity estimation algorithms) and monitor the battery pack current.

[0040] This embodiment details how real-time monitoring of individual cell terminal voltage triggers equalization, ensuring stable voltage of fully charged individual cells under dynamic balance of shunt and charging currents, thus completely avoiding the risk of overcharging. Individual cells that have not reached the equalization condition can continue to be charged to full capacity. Combined with PWM duty cycle adjustment and current prediction, the charging and shunt currents are accurately matched, shortening the adjustment time and improving charging efficiency. It can also realize battery pack capacity estimation and current monitoring, further ensuring system stability and extending battery pack cycle life.

[0041] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, the present utility model can have various modifications and variations. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, integrations, and parameter changes made to these embodiments within the spirit and principles of the present utility model, without departing from the principles and spirit of the present utility model, through conventional substitutions or to achieve the same function, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A management system with linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance, characterized in that, It includes a battery pack, several equalization modules, a main switch module, a control system, and a current sampling module; The battery pack is composed of several individual cells connected in series; each individual cell is connected in parallel to an equalization module, which is used to detect the terminal voltage of the corresponding individual cell and form a shunt circuit when the terminal voltage of the individual cell meets the equalization activation condition. The main switch module is connected in series in the main charging circuit of the battery pack, and the main switch module is electrically connected to the control system to receive the control signal output by the control system. The current sampling module is installed on the main charging circuit and is electrically connected to the control system. It is used to collect the charging current signal in the main charging circuit and transmit it to the control system. The control system is electrically connected to each of the equalization modules and is used to receive the equalization signal output by the equalization module. The control system can generate a control signal based on the equalization signal and the charging current signal, and adjust the main switch module through the control signal to achieve linear adjustment of the charging current.

2. The management system for linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equalization module includes a power management IC, a switching transistor, and a dissipation resistor. The power input terminal of the power management IC is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the corresponding individual battery cells, respectively, to directly acquire and detect the terminal voltage of the individual battery cells. One end of the switching transistor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the individual battery cell, and the other end of the switching transistor is electrically connected to one end of the dissipation resistor, while the other end of the dissipation resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the individual battery cell, forming an equalization circuit in parallel with the individual battery cells. The control output terminal of the power management IC is electrically connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor, and is used to output a control signal to control the switching transistor to turn on and off based on the detected terminal voltage of the individual battery cells, thereby controlling the connection and disconnection of the equalization circuit.

3. The management system for linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power management IC also has a signal transmission terminal, which is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system. The power management IC can integrate the detected real-time terminal voltage data of a single battery cell and the control signal status output to the switching transistor into an equalization signal, which is then transmitted to the control system in real time through the signal transmission terminal.

4. The management system for linearly adjustable charging current that can eliminate battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The master switch module includes at least one charging MOSFET, the source and drain of which are connected in series in the main charging circuit to form a current path in the main charging circuit. The gate of the charging MOSFET serves as the signal input terminal of the master switch module and is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the control system. The control system adjusts the voltage value output to the gate of the charging MOSFET to change the on-resistance of the charging MOSFET, so that the charging MOSFET operates in the linear conduction region, thereby adjusting the current of the main charging circuit.

5. A linearly adjustable charging current management system capable of eliminating battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control system outputs a PWM waveform signal, which is directly transmitted to the gate of the charging MOSFET. The control system has a built-in PWM signal adjustment unit, which adjusts the average voltage of the charging MOSFET gate by changing the duty cycle of the PWM waveform signal, thereby changing the on-resistance of the charging MOSFET and realizing linear regulation of the charging current of the main charging circuit.

6. A linearly adjustable charging current management system capable of eliminating battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control system is equipped with an equalization charging management program; the equalization charging management program reads the output equalization status signal analysis results, generates a PWM waveform duty cycle adjustment command based on the analysis results, and sends it to the PWM signal adjustment unit to control the PWM signal adjustment unit to change the duty cycle of the PWM waveform.

7. A linearly adjustable charging current management system capable of eliminating battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system uses an MCU or DSP as the main control chip, which integrates an AD conversion unit, a DA conversion unit, a storage unit, and a communication unit. The AD conversion unit is used to convert the analog signals transmitted by the current sampling module and the equalization module into digital signals. The DA conversion unit is used to generate analog control signals for the main control switch module. The storage unit is used to store the equalization charging management program, preset parameters, and collected battery data. The communication unit is used to realize data interaction between the control system and external devices.

8. A linearly adjustable charging current management system capable of eliminating battery terminal voltage tolerance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current sampling module includes a sampling resistor, a signal amplification unit, and a filtering unit. The sampling resistor is connected in series in the main charging circuit. When the charging current in the main charging circuit flows through the sampling resistor, a voltage signal proportional to the current magnitude is formed across the sampling resistor. The input terminal of the signal amplification unit is electrically connected to the two ends of the sampling resistor to amplify the weak voltage signal across the sampling resistor to meet the signal amplitude recognition requirements of the control system. The input terminal of the filtering unit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the signal amplification unit to filter out high-frequency interference signals in the amplified voltage signal, obtaining a stable current sampling signal. The output terminal of the filtering unit is electrically connected to the signal input terminal of the control system to transmit the stable current sampling signal to the control system for charging current adjustment and status judgment.

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