Power distribution equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of power distribution equipment, and power distribution equipment is provided with battery interface and charge-discharge interface;First interface is connected with first positive lead and first negative lead, second interface is connected with second positive lead and second negative lead, and first interface and second interface are respectively used to butt joint first battery pack and second battery pack, and charge-discharge interface is connected with third positive lead and third negative lead;First on-off switch is connected between first positive lead and third positive lead or between first negative lead and third negative lead, and second on-off switch is connected between second positive lead and third positive lead or between second negative lead and third negative lead;First on-off switch and second on-off switch respond control signal, so that first battery pack and second battery pack one of them carry out charge-discharge.This application technical scheme can effectively solve the problem that attribute different battery cannot work normally due to charge-discharge parameter difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery management technology, specifically to power distribution equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of battery applications, storage batteries are often used as backup power, while electrochemical batteries are widely used in energy storage operations and electricity trading. However, there are significant differences in the charging and discharging processes of batteries of different types or properties. First, battery packs with different properties have different charging and discharging parameters, such as different float charge voltages. If they are directly connected in parallel, it will lead to mutual charging of batteries or one of the batteries failing to operate in a normal state. Second, even battery packs with the same technical characteristics but different commercial attributes, when simply connected in parallel, if one pack is subjected to high-load cyclic charging and discharging, the interaction between the battery packs will consume the lifespan of the other pack of batteries that were not originally participating in the cycle. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a power distribution equipment that can effectively solve the problem of batteries with different properties failing to work properly due to differences in charging and discharging parameters, and the problem of excessive charging and discharging losses caused by adjusting these differences. It also avoids the problem of non-cycle battery life being consumed due to parallel connection of batteries with different properties.

[0004] This application provides a power distribution equipment, wherein one end of the power distribution equipment is provided with a battery interface and the other end is provided with a charging and discharging interface;

[0005] The battery interface includes at least a first interface and a second interface. The first interface is connected to a first positive lead and a first negative lead, and the second interface is connected to a second positive lead and a second negative lead. The first interface is used to connect to a first battery pack, and the second interface is used to connect to a second battery pack. The first battery pack and the second battery pack have different properties. The charging and discharging interface is connected to a third positive lead and a third negative lead.

[0006] The power distribution equipment further includes a first circuit breaker and a second circuit breaker. The first circuit breaker is connected between the first positive lead and the third positive lead, or the first circuit breaker is connected between the first negative lead and the third negative lead. The second circuit breaker is connected between the second positive lead and the third positive lead, or the second circuit breaker is connected between the second negative lead and the third negative lead.

[0007] The first switch and the second switch respond to the control signal to charge or discharge one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

[0008] In one aspect, the first switch is connected between the first positive lead and the third positive lead, the second switch is connected between the second positive lead and the third positive lead, and the first negative lead, the second negative lead and the third negative lead are short-circuited.

[0009] Alternatively, the first switch is connected between the first negative lead and the third negative lead, the second switch is connected between the second negative lead and the third negative lead, and the first positive lead, the second positive lead and the third positive lead are short-circuited.

[0010] In one aspect, the first switch and the second switch are either relays or contactors.

[0011] In one aspect, the first interface includes a plurality of first sub-interfaces, a plurality of first positive leads are provided, a plurality of first negative leads are provided, each first sub-interface is connected to a first positive lead and a first negative lead, the plurality of first positive leads are short-circuited, and the plurality of first negative leads are short-circuited.

[0012] The second interface includes several second sub-interfaces. Multiple second positive leads and multiple second negative leads are provided. Each second sub-interface is connected to one second positive lead and one second negative lead. Multiple second positive leads are short-circuited, and multiple second negative leads are short-circuited.

[0013] In one aspect, the power distribution equipment also includes a manual physical switch that indirectly triggers a control circuit connecting the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to force the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to switch on and off.

[0014] In one aspect, the power distribution equipment also includes a fan and a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being used to detect the temperature of the power distribution equipment, and the fan being used to start rotating to cool down when the detected temperature exceeds a preset value;

[0015] The power distribution equipment also includes an Internet of Things (IoT) module, which is used for wireless connection to remotely transmit the control signals;

[0016] The power distribution equipment also includes an energy meter, which is connected to each of the battery interfaces and performs sampling and detection on each of the battery interfaces.

[0017] In one aspect, the power distribution equipment further includes a control module, which includes a first processor and a second processor. The first processor is used to generate control signals for controlling the first switch and the second switch, and a monitoring line is provided between the first processor and the second processor.

[0018] The second processor is used to monitor the first processor, so that when an abnormal operation of the first processor is detected, a restart operation of the first processor is triggered, and the on-site protection mechanism and remote alarm operation are started simultaneously.

[0019] In one aspect, the monitoring line includes at least a first signal line and a second signal line, wherein the first processor monitors the second processor based on the first signal line, and the second processor monitors the first processor based on the second signal line, so that the first processor and the second processor monitor each other, and when an anomaly is detected, the other party is forced to restart via the first signal line or the second signal line.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are reflected in the following: One end of the power distribution equipment is equipped with at least two battery interfaces, a first interface and a second interface, respectively connecting to a first battery pack and a second battery pack with different properties. The other end is equipped with a charging / discharging interface to connect to charging equipment and a load. Simultaneously, a first switch and a second switch control the connection and disconnection between the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the charging / discharging interface, respectively. By applying control signals to the first switch and the second switch, only one of the two battery packs is connected to the charging / discharging interface for charging and discharging, avoiding the direct parallel connection of the two battery packs. This solves the problem of batteries with different properties failing to function properly due to differences in charging and discharging parameters, and also avoids the problem of non-cycle battery life being consumed due to parallel connection of batteries with different properties. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the power distribution equipment in this application;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of short-circuiting the positive lead in power distribution equipment;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of multiple leads in the power distribution equipment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of multiple positive leads being shorted in a power distribution equipment;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first processor and the second processor in the power distribution equipment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power distribution method of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the process steps for reconnecting interrupted points in the power distribution method of this application;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process steps for calibrating the time of multiple power distribution devices in the power distribution method of this application.

[0030] In the attached diagram: 10, power distribution equipment; 20, charging equipment / load; 30, first battery pack; 40, second battery pack;

[0031] 110. First circuit breaker; 120. Second circuit breaker; 131. First processor; 132. Second processor; 101. First positive lead; 102. First negative lead; 103. Second positive lead; 104. Second negative lead; 105. Third positive lead; 106. Third negative lead. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains.

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this application provides a power distribution device. One end of the device has a battery interface, and the other end has a charging / discharging interface. As an intermediate hub connecting the battery pack and external charging equipment / load 20, the power distribution device adopts a two-end interface layout. The battery interface at one end is specifically designed to connect to battery packs of different properties, providing the energy storage foundation for the system; the charging / discharging interface at the other end is responsible for interacting with external power sources or electrical equipment, realizing the input and output of electrical energy. This allows the power distribution device to flexibly adapt to various application scenarios, serving both as a backup power system to ensure the continuous operation of critical loads and as an energy storage unit to participate in electricity trading.

[0035] The battery interface includes at least a first interface and a second interface. The first interface is connected to a first positive lead and a first negative lead, and the second interface is connected to a second positive lead and a second negative lead. The first interface is used to connect to a first battery pack, and the second interface is used to connect to a second battery pack. The first and second battery packs have different properties. The charging / discharging interface is connected to a third positive lead and a third negative lead. The battery interface can be further refined into at least two independent interface units, namely the first interface and the second interface. Each interface is equipped with complete positive and negative leads, forming an independent electrical connection channel. The battery interface can connect to battery packs with drastically different properties, such as a combination of lead-acid and lithium batteries. Different types of battery packs differ in chemical properties, charging / discharging parameters, or commercial attributes. Through independent interface design, precise control can be achieved for the characteristics of each type of battery. At the same time, independent positive and negative leads ensure the isolation of the current path, avoiding direct electrical interference between different battery packs.

[0036] The power distribution equipment also includes a first circuit breaker and a second circuit breaker. The first circuit breaker is connected between the first positive lead and the third positive lead, or between the first negative lead and the third negative lead. The second circuit breaker is connected between the second positive lead and the third positive lead, or between the second negative lead and the third negative lead. The positions of the first and second circuit breakers are flexible and can be placed on either the positive or negative lead to ensure effective disconnection of the charging and discharging circuits of the corresponding battery packs. This design allows for precise selection of which battery pack to activate during the charging and discharging process based on actual needs, using control signals. For example, when the first circuit breaker is closed and the second circuit breaker is open, only the first battery pack is electrically connected to the charging and discharging interface, enabling the charging and discharging of the first battery pack; conversely, the second battery pack is activated. Through this selective conduction mechanism, battery packs with different properties can operate independently, avoiding compatibility issues caused by direct parallel connection.

[0037] The first and second circuit breakers respond to control signals, enabling one of the first and second battery packs to charge or discharge. The control signals are dynamically generated based on the real-time status of the battery packs and the system's operational requirements. In backup power scenarios, battery packs with shorter cycle life but lower cost, such as lead-acid batteries, are selected for discharge to meet emergency power needs; while in energy storage operation scenarios, the system switches to battery packs with longer cycle life, such as lithium batteries, to participate in electricity trading to optimize economic efficiency. This switching mechanism not only avoids operational anomalies caused by direct parallel connection of battery packs with different parameters but also extends the overall battery system's lifespan by rationally allocating charging and discharging tasks, achieving efficient compatibility between backup power functions and energy storage operations. The control signals can be PWM (Modulation-Demodulation) signals or level signals. The power distribution equipment of this application supports the addition of a third and fourth interface, as well as corresponding third and fourth circuit breakers.

[0038] In this embodiment, the power distribution equipment has at least two battery interfaces on one end: a first interface and a second interface, which are respectively connected to a first battery pack and a second battery pack with different attributes. The other end has a charging / discharging interface to connect to the charging device / load 20. Simultaneously, a first switch and a second switch control the connection between the first battery pack, the second battery pack, and the charging / discharging interface. By applying control signals to the first and second switches, only one of the two battery packs is connected to the charging / discharging interface for charging and discharging, avoiding direct parallel connection of the two battery packs. This solves the problem of batteries with different attributes failing to function properly due to differences in charging and discharging parameters, and also avoids the problem of non-cycle battery life being consumed due to parallel connection of batteries with different attributes. It can also adjust for excessive charging and discharging losses caused by these differences.

[0039] Existing solutions can only perform charging and discharging operations. The power distribution equipment of this application can add a disconnection operation, that is, an operation that neither charges nor discharges. Furthermore, this application can use a control signal to disconnect both the first and second battery packs, so that neither charging nor discharging occurs.

[0040] In one embodiment of this application, the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker have two connection methods.

[0041] The first connection method involves connecting a first switch between the first and third positive leads, and a second switch between the second and third positive leads. The first, second, and third negative leads are short-circuited. When the first switch is connected between the first and third positive leads, and the second switch is connected between the second and third positive leads, the battery pack switching can be achieved by controlling the on / off state of the positive circuit. In this case, the negative leads of the first and second battery packs and the third negative lead of the charging / discharging interface are short-circuited to form a shared negative circuit, ensuring that the current remains continuous on the negative side. By controlling the switch on the positive side, the positive terminal of a certain battery pack can be selectively connected to the positive terminal of the charging / discharging interface, thereby connecting the corresponding battery pack to the charging / discharging circuit. For example, when the first circuit breaker is closed and the second circuit breaker is open, the positive and negative terminals of the first battery pack form a complete circuit with the positive and negative terminals of the charging and discharging interface, respectively, to achieve charging and discharging; otherwise, the circuit switches to the second battery pack. The shared negative terminal design simplifies the circuit structure, reduces the number of switching components on the negative terminal side, and lowers the complexity and failure risk of the equipment.

[0042] The second connection method involves connecting the first and third negative leads with a first switch, and the second switch between the second and third negative leads, while the first, second, and third positive leads are short-circuited. With the first and second switches connected, battery pack switching is achieved through the on / off control of the negative circuit. In this case, the positive leads of the first and second battery packs are short-circuited with the third positive lead of the charging / discharging interface, forming a shared positive circuit and ensuring continuous current flow on the positive side. Its working principle is similar to positive control; by controlling the state of the negative switch, the negative terminal of a battery pack is made connected to the negative terminal of the charging / discharging interface, thus connecting it to the charging / discharging circuit. For example, when the first switch is closed and the second switch is open, the first battery pack connects to the circuit through the shared positive terminal and the connected negative terminal; switching the switch state activates the second battery pack. By concentrating the switching logic on the negative side, the two sets of batteries can also be avoided from being directly connected in parallel, while the shared positive terminal simplifies the wiring.

[0043] In one embodiment of this application, the first switch and the second switch are either a relay or a contactor. As key components for controlling the on / off state of the control circuit, the first switch and the second switch can be any one of a relay, a contactor, or a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS).

[0044] Relays operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and generally consist of an electromagnetic coil and contacts. When current flows through the electromagnetic coil, it generates a magnetic field that attracts an armature, causing the contacts to close or open, thus controlling the circuit's on / off state. When the coil is de-energized, the magnetic field disappears, and the armature returns to its initial position under the action of a spring or other reset device, restoring the contacts to their original state. Relays are typically suitable for low-current control scenarios, indirectly controlling the on / off state of high-voltage circuits through weak electrical signals, achieving circuit isolation and protection.

[0045] Contactors also rely on electromagnetic force to drive contact action and generally consist of an electromagnetic coil, an armature, main contacts, and auxiliary contacts. When the coil is energized and generates a magnetic field, the armature is attracted, causing the main contacts to close and connecting the main circuit; when the coil is de-energized, the armature returns to its original position, the main contacts open, and the main circuit is disconnected. Contactors are mainly used for high-voltage, high-current power circuit control, possessing strong current-carrying capacity and arc-extinguishing devices, effectively handling the arc generated during switching and ensuring stable operation under frequent operation or high-load conditions.

[0046] A MOSFET is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor, also known as a metal-insulator-semiconductor transistor. The source and drain of a MOSFET can be interchanged; both are N-type regions formed within a P-type backgate. In most cases, these two regions are identical, and swapping them does not affect the device's performance. Such devices are considered symmetrical. A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifies a small change in input current, outputting a large change in output current. The gain of a BJT is defined as the ratio of the input and output currents (beta). Another type of transistor, called a field-effect transistor (FET), converts changes in input voltage into changes in output current.

[0047] In the power distribution equipment of this embodiment, regardless of whether a relay, contactor or MOSFET is selected, the circuit is turned on and off according to the control signal, thereby selectively connecting the first battery pack or the second battery pack to the charging and discharging circuit.

[0048] It is worth noting that the total power consumption of equipment using relays or contactors is reduced by more than 90% compared to that of MOSFETs. This makes equipment using contactors or relays significantly cheaper than equipment using MOSFETs in peak shaving and valley operation scenarios.

[0049] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in one embodiment of this application, the first interface includes several first sub-interfaces, multiple first positive leads are provided, multiple first negative leads are provided, each first sub-interface is connected to a first positive lead and a first negative lead, multiple first positive leads are short-circuited, and multiple first negative leads are short-circuited; the first interface includes multiple independent first sub-interfaces, each first sub-interface is equipped with independent positive and negative leads, i.e., a first positive lead and a first negative lead, and the first sub-interface is used to connect a group of battery cells, such as a lead-acid battery.

[0050] All positive leads of the first sub-interfaces are shorted, i.e., directly electrically connected, and the negative leads are also shorted, forming a parallel positive and negative connection structure. This design allows multiple battery cells to function as a single unit, participating together in the charging and discharging process, thereby increasing system capacity or improving power supply reliability. It is primarily suitable for scenarios requiring expanded backup capacity or environments where battery packs need to be distributed, such as space-constrained scenarios. The independent connection of the first sub-interfaces allows for flexible configuration of the number of batteries, while preventing system failure due to a single battery failure.

[0051] The second interface includes several second sub-interfaces. Multiple second positive leads and multiple second negative leads are provided. Each second sub-interface is connected to one second positive lead and one second negative lead. The multiple second positive leads are short-circuited, and the multiple second negative leads are short-circuited. The second interface also consists of multiple second sub-interfaces, each corresponding to one second positive lead and one second negative lead. These second sub-interfaces are used to connect to another type of battery cell, such as a lithium battery.

[0052] The second interface is configured similarly to the first interface. All positive leads and negative leads of the second sub-interfaces are short-circuited, enabling parallel operation of multiple battery banks. This allows for the connection of multiple identical battery cells to meet the demands for large capacity and long cycle life in energy storage operations. In electricity trading scenarios, multiple lithium battery banks can be connected in parallel via the second interface to achieve large-scale energy storage and rapid charge / discharge response. Furthermore, the independent design of the second sub-interface facilitates the phased replacement or upgrade of batteries, reducing operating costs.

[0053] It should be noted that different types of batteries, such as lead-acid and lithium batteries, can be connected simultaneously through independent first and second interfaces, accommodating both backup power and energy storage operation needs. Multiple sub-interfaces of each interface support parallel expansion of the same type of battery, facilitating capacity upgrades. The independent connection of sub-interfaces ensures that a single battery failure does not affect the operation of other batteries, improving system fault tolerance.

[0054] In one embodiment of this application, the power distribution equipment further includes a manual physical switch, which directly or indirectly triggers a control circuit connected to the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to force the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to switch on and off.

[0055] In the direct series connection method of the manual physical switch, the manual physical switch is directly connected in series in the control circuit of the first or second circuit breaker. When the switch is closed, the control circuit is energized, triggering the circuit breaker to operate; when the switch is open, the control circuit is de-energized, and the circuit breaker resets.

[0056] In indirect trigger control, a manual physical switch indirectly controls the state of the circuit breaker by triggering an intermediate relay or a PLC or other controller. For example, when the switch is closed, the intermediate relay is activated, and its contacts then control the power supply to the circuit breaker's coil.

[0057] Manual physical switches have higher control priority than automatic control signals. For example, when the system is in automatic switching mode, if a manual switch is closed, the system will immediately force a switch to the designated battery pack, regardless of the current status of the automatic control signal. In the event of a battery pack malfunction or system failure, the connection to the faulty battery pack can be quickly disconnected via the manual switch to prevent the accident from escalating.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, the power distribution equipment further includes a fan and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the power distribution equipment, and the fan starts rotating to cool down the equipment when the detected temperature exceeds a preset value. The temperature sensor integrated in the power distribution equipment monitors the temperature of the equipment's internal components and key parts, such as relays, contactors, and battery interfaces, in real time. When the detected temperature exceeds a preset threshold, for example, due to continuous high current operation or abnormal temperature rise caused by high ambient temperature, the temperature sensor transmits a signal to the control unit, triggering the fan to start. The fan accelerates heat dissipation from the equipment's interior by forcing air convection, reducing the temperature to a safe range and preventing component aging, insulation degradation, or circuit failure caused by high temperatures. This ensures the stability and service life of the equipment under long-term high-load operation.

[0059] The power distribution equipment also includes an IoT module, which is used for wireless connectivity to remotely transmit control signals. As a remote communication interface for the power distribution equipment, the IoT module establishes a connection with an external management system or cloud platform through wireless communication technology, enabling remote transmission of control signals and data interaction. For example, maintenance personnel can send commands via a remote terminal to control the on / off state of the first or second circuit breaker and switch the charging / discharging mode of the battery pack. Simultaneously, the IoT module can also upload equipment operating parameters, such as temperature, current, and battery status, to the management platform in real time, supporting remote monitoring, fault warnings, and data analysis. The IoT module reduces reliance on on-site operations and improves the level of intelligent equipment management, making it particularly suitable for scenarios such as distributed deployment of communication base stations and energy storage rooms.

[0060] The power distribution equipment also includes an energy meter, which interfaces with each battery port to sample and monitor each port. The energy meter connects to each battery port and uses high-frequency sampling to monitor electrical parameters such as current and voltage in real time. Based on these parameters, it calculates key indicators such as the charging and discharging power and cumulative energy of the battery pack. For example, the energy meter can monitor whether the charging voltage of the first battery pack has reached the full charge threshold, or whether the discharge current of the second battery pack exceeds the safe range, providing data support for the equipment's automatic switching logic. Simultaneously, the sampled data can be used for battery life assessment, energy consumption statistics, and fault diagnosis, ensuring accurate management of battery packs with different attributes, avoiding battery damage caused by abnormal parameters, and improving the reliability and economy of system operation.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown in one embodiment of this application, the power distribution equipment further includes a control module, which includes a first processor 131 and a second processor 132. The first processor 131 is used to generate control signals for controlling the first switch 110 and the second switch 120, and a monitoring line is provided between the first processor 131 and the second processor 132.

[0062] The second processor 132 is used to monitor the first processor 131, so that when the first processor 131 is detected to be operating abnormally, it will trigger a restart operation of the first processor 131 and simultaneously start the field protection mechanism and remote alarm operation.

[0063] Therefore, the control module of the power distribution equipment adopts a dual-processor architecture. The first processor 131 undertakes the core control tasks, responsible for generating control signals for the first switch 110 and the second switch 120 to switch the charging and discharging states of battery packs with different attributes. The second processor 132 focuses on real-time monitoring of the operating status of the first processor 131. The two are connected through a dedicated monitoring line. When the second processor 132 detects an abnormality in the operation of the first processor 131, such as program freeze or signal output error, it will immediately trigger a restart operation of the first processor 131, and simultaneously activate the field protection mechanism and remote alarm operation. The protection mechanism, such as maintaining the current charging and discharging state of the battery pack to ensure power supply continuity, and the remote alarm operation, such as sending fault information to the management platform through the Internet of Things module. In addition, the collaborative work and mutual monitoring of the two processors can significantly improve the reliability of the system under complex operating conditions and reduce the risk of equipment downtime due to single processor failure.

[0064] Furthermore, the monitoring circuit includes at least a first signal line and a second signal line. The first processor 131 monitors the second processor 132 based on the first signal line, and the second processor 132 monitors the first processor 131 based on the second signal line, enabling mutual monitoring between the two processors. Upon detecting an anomaly, the second processor 131 forces the other to restart via either the first or second signal line. This establishes a bidirectional mutual monitoring mechanism. Specifically, the first processor 131 monitors the operating status of the second processor via the first signal line, while the second processor 132 monitors the operating status of the first processor 131 via the second signal line. When either processor detects an anomaly in the other's operation via its corresponding signal line, it can directly send a forced restart signal to the other processor, achieving immediate restart control of the abnormal processor. This dual-signal-line-based mutual monitoring and forced restart design ensures rapid response from both processors in the event of anomalies, further improving the reliability of the control module and the stability of system operation, providing a solid hardware guarantee for the safe and efficient expansion of heterogeneous batteries.

[0065] The first and second signal lines correspond to the unidirectional monitoring links of the two processors, respectively. The first processor 131 sends a level signal to the second processor 132 via the first signal line; a high level indicates normal operation, and a low level indicates an abnormal operation. Similarly, the second processor 132 sends feedback of the level status to the first processor 131 via the second signal line. When either processor detects that the level of the other's signal line exceeds the preset normal range, such as a persistent low level or abnormal level transitions, it determines that the other processor is malfunctioning and can directly send a forced restart signal via that signal line to trigger a restart.

[0066] In addition, the first and second signal lines in the monitoring line use an I2C bus to realize mutual testing between the two processors, and transmit bidirectional status information in half-duplex mode, such as periodically sending heartbeat packets and running status codes. The first processor 131 and the second processor 132 alternately send and receive data through the bus to verify whether the other party's communication response is normal in real time. If no valid response is received from the other party within a preset time, it is determined to be a communication anomaly. At this time, a control command can be sent through the bus to force the abnormal party to perform a restart operation.

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, this application also provides a power distribution method, which is applied to the power distribution equipment described above. The power distribution method includes:

[0068] Step S10: Apply control signals to the first and second circuit breakers. These control signals can originate from the device's automatic control system, such as switching commands generated based on battery status detection or mode switching commands remotely sent by an external management system. They can also be generated through manual physical switch operation. The control signals are transmitted via control circuits to the drive units of the first and second circuit breakers, providing a trigger for their operation. The applied control signals must clearly indicate the target state, such as turning on the first circuit breaker and turning off the second circuit breaker, or vice versa.

[0069] In step S20, the first and second circuit breakers respond to the control signal, enabling one of the first and second battery packs to charge and discharge. Upon receiving the control signal, the first and second circuit breakers change their contact states via electromagnetic drive or other means: if the first circuit breaker is on and the second circuit breaker is off, the first battery pack forms a circuit with the charging / discharging interface and enters the charging / discharging state, while the second battery pack is isolated from the circuit; conversely, the second battery pack is connected to the circuit, and the first battery pack is disconnected. This one-on-one response logic fundamentally avoids direct parallel connection of battery packs with different attributes, solving battery malfunctions caused by differences in charging / discharging parameters, preventing battery packs with different attributes from losing lifespan due to interconnected operation, and simultaneously achieving resource integration through a shared charging / discharging interface, thus reducing system costs.

[0070] In one embodiment of this application, after the step of the first and second circuit breakers responding to the control signal, the following steps are included:

[0071] In step S210, when the first and second circuit breakers are switched on and off, both circuit breakers are simultaneously turned on for a duration greater than or equal to a first preset time and less than or equal to a second preset time, where the second preset time is greater than the first preset time. By setting the brief simultaneous on-time of the first and second circuit breakers, the continuity of power supply and battery safety are balanced. When switching from one set of batteries to another, the circuit breaker to be connected is turned on first, while the previously turned-on circuit breaker remains on, allowing both sets of batteries to be connected to the charging / discharging interface simultaneously for a short period.

[0072] Simultaneously, the conduction time must meet the following requirements: not less than a first preset time, such as 1 second, to avoid power interruption at the charging / discharging interface due to excessively short switching intervals, ensuring stable operation of the load or charging equipment; and not longer than a second preset time, such as 2 seconds, to prevent mutual charging currents from generated due to prolonged parallel connection between two sets of batteries with different properties, avoiding battery life loss or abnormal parameters. This timing control solves the power supply continuity problem during switching and protects the battery by limiting the parallel connection time.

[0073] Furthermore, the power distribution equipment of this application may also include a pre-detection circuit or a pre-detection module. The pre-detection module measures the real-time voltage difference between the first and second battery packs. If the voltage difference exceeds a preset threshold, the simultaneous conduction time is extended. Extending the simultaneous conduction time avoids power interruptions or significant voltage fluctuations during switching. It prevents equipment downtime and data loss caused by excessively short switching intervals. Moreover, for battery packs with significantly different properties, appropriately extending the simultaneous conduction time can reduce the instantaneous impact during switching. Additionally, the mechanical action of the circuit breaker has a certain response delay; extending the simultaneous conduction time can cover this delay, ensuring the reliable completion of the switching action. This avoids temporary circuit breaks caused by a delayed action of a single circuit breaker, or circuit instability caused by asynchronous actions, thereby improving the overall operational reliability of the power distribution system.

[0074] Furthermore, when the battery level or voltage of a certain battery pack is detected to drop to a set percentage, such as a remaining capacity of 5% or a DC output voltage of -48.5V, the system automatically switches to another battery pack to prevent over-discharge from damaging the battery and to extend the backup power time.

[0075] Furthermore, when the charge or voltage of a battery pack is detected to rise to a set percentage, such as setting the remaining capacity to 95% or the DC output voltage to exceed -53.5V, the system automatically switches to another battery pack to continue charging, ensuring that both battery packs are in optimal condition. These two charge or voltage thresholds are called the flip charge / flip voltage, which can be set remotely or locally to adapt to different batteries.

[0076] Furthermore, the system can be set to automatically execute a strategy, automatically performing float charging to replenish the battery at specified time intervals (such as once a month), ensuring that the battery can receive periodic replenishment even when it is not connected to a power source.

[0077] In one embodiment of this application, before the step of loading control signals to the first and second circuit breakers, the following steps are included:

[0078] Step S01: Determine the operating mode of the power distribution equipment. The operating mode includes control operation mode and automatic operation mode. By distinguishing between control operation mode and automatic operation mode, a strategy basis is provided for subsequent on / off control. The operating mode can be determined based on manual selection by the user, such as through physical switches, remote commands, or automatic system identification, such as triggering mode switching based on preset time, battery status, etc.

[0079] In the control operation mode, control signals are actively provided to the first and second circuit breakers. In the other mode, the circuit breakers are controlled by real-time commands input from external sources. Control signals can originate from manual operation by maintenance personnel or commands from a remote management platform. The control operation mode is suitable for scenarios requiring manual intervention, such as: during equipment commissioning, when manually verifying the battery pack switching logic; under special operating conditions, when forcibly using a specific battery pack; or in the event of a system failure, when isolating the faulty battery pack through emergency manual commands.

[0080] In automatic operation mode, control signals are provided to the first and second circuit breakers according to preset rules. The preset rules can be dynamically adjusted based on the following parameters: such as automatically switching to charging the lithium battery pack during off-peak hours and discharging during peak hours to participate in electricity trading; automatically switching to another battery pack when the charge of a certain battery pack is detected to be below a threshold, such as 20%; the preset rules also include selecting battery packs with different discharge capacities according to the real-time load power, such as giving priority to lithium batteries for high-power loads.

[0081] In one embodiment of this application, under control operation mode:

[0082] If both the first and second circuit breakers receive a disconnect command simultaneously, the first circuit breaker will be forced to turn on, and the second circuit breaker will be forced to turn off. Conversely, if a command to disconnect both circuit breakers is received simultaneously, the device will automatically ignore the command and force the first circuit breaker to remain on while the second circuit breaker remains off. This design is based on the safety principle of maintaining at least one battery pack in operation to avoid the risk of power outages due to a double disconnection. For example, in a communication base station backup power scenario, even if a control system malfunctions and sends a double disconnection command, the device can still ensure continuous power supply from the first battery pack, ensuring the normal operation of the communication equipment.

[0083] If the second battery pack completes its discharge, and the first circuit breaker does not receive a conduction command, the first circuit breaker will be forced to conduct, and the second circuit breaker will be opened. When the second battery pack discharges to a preset threshold and the first circuit breaker is not in a conducting state, a switching process will be automatically triggered: the first circuit breaker will be forced to conduct, and the second circuit breaker will be opened, seamlessly switching to the first battery pack for power supply. This ensures power supply continuity while preventing the second battery pack from being over-discharged and shortening its lifespan. For example, in an electricity trading scenario, when the lithium battery completes its off-peak charging and discharges to its lower limit during peak hours, the system automatically switches to the lead-acid battery to maintain load operation while protecting the lithium battery.

[0084] In automatic operation mode:

[0085] The preset rule requires at least one of the first and second circuit breakers to be on. The rule for automatic operation mode is to keep at least one circuit breaker on, which is achieved by dynamically adjusting the operating state of the two battery sets.

[0086] For example, the first battery pack is prioritized for daily backup power, while the second battery pack is only activated during high-value electricity trading periods. The two battery packs take turns charging and discharging, extending the overall lifespan. When a light load is detected, the system automatically selects the battery pack with lower energy density but lower cost; under heavy loads, it switches to the faster-responding battery pack, balancing economy and performance. If a battery pack malfunctions, the system automatically switches to the other pack and triggers an alarm, ensuring system reliability.

[0087] This hierarchical control strategy, through a combination of mandatory logic and preset rules, avoids power outages caused by double disconnection and prevents battery over-discharge; it can intelligently allocate tasks according to battery characteristics and usage scenarios, reducing operating costs; and it automatically responds to faults and abnormal situations, reducing the need for manual intervention.

[0088] For example, in distributed energy systems, lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries can work together, with lead-acid batteries undertaking basic backup power tasks and lithium batteries participating in peak-valley electricity price arbitrage, achieving maximum resource utilization through intelligent switching.

[0089] like Figure 7As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the power distribution equipment includes a breakpoint reconnection communication port, and the power distribution method further includes:

[0090] Step S30: Detect the network connection status between the power distribution equipment and the outside world. The power distribution equipment monitors the network connection status in real time through its communication interface, such as an RS-485 interface or an IoT module, continuously determining the smoothness of the data transmission link. Monitoring includes whether a network connection has been established, whether there is packet loss or abnormal latency in data transmission, etc., providing a basis for subsequent interruption handling and resume operations, ensuring that the equipment can respond promptly to changes in network status, and guaranteeing the stability of remote management commands and operational data transmission.

[0091] Step S31: When a network transmission interruption is detected, signal transmission is stopped and the interruption location is recorded. When the power distribution equipment detects a network transmission interruption, such as a broken link or signal loss, the current signal transmission process is immediately terminated to avoid invalid data transmission or transmission chaos. Simultaneously, the data transmission location at the time of the interruption is accurately recorded, including key information such as the number of the data packets that have been transmitted and the starting identifier of the untransmitted data, ensuring the traceability of the interruption point and providing an accurate starting basis for subsequent transmission recovery, reducing data retransmission costs.

[0092] Step S32: After reconnection, transmission continues at the interruption point based on the breakpoint resumption communication port. When the network is reconnected, the power distribution equipment uses its breakpoint resumption communication port to call the interruption location information recorded in step S31 to continue transmitting the incomplete data from the breakpoint, without retransmitting the content that has already been successfully sent. This effectively solves the data transmission efficiency problem in intermittent network scenarios, and is especially suitable for scenarios where equipment needs to transmit a large amount of metering data, such as battery charging and discharging parameters, energy consumption statistics, etc. It improves efficiency by avoiding repeated transmissions and ensures the continuity of remote monitoring and management.

[0093] In one embodiment of this application, the power distribution equipment pre-stores several different communication protocols, and the power distribution method further includes:

[0094] Step S40 involves controlling the power distribution equipment to simultaneously issue different connection requests based on different communication protocols, with each communication protocol corresponding to a specific connection request. Step S40 relates to the proactive triggering mechanism for protocol adaptation. By pre-storing multiple communication protocols, such as telecommunications industry standards and customized protocols from different operators, the control module drives the communication interface to simultaneously issue corresponding connection requests to the outside world based on these different protocols when a connection needs to be established with the management systems of operators such as China Telecom, China Unicom, China Mobile, and China Tower. Each protocol corresponds to a specific formatted request signal.

[0095] In this way, by replacing the traditional manual configuration process with parallel requests for multiple protocols, the device can quickly adapt to the target network environment without relying on on-site debugging. For example, to address the different specifications of communication protocols for different operators, the device can send four connection requests corresponding to different protocols simultaneously. Based on the external response, it can quickly identify the matching protocol type, laying the foundation for stable communication in the future. This significantly reduces deployment costs caused by protocol incompatibility, and is especially suitable for scenarios such as distributed base stations that need to operate across different operator environments, improving the overall system deployment efficiency and compatibility.

[0096] like Figure 8 As shown in one embodiment of this application, multiple power distribution devices are provided, and the power distribution method further includes:

[0097] Step S50 involves multiple power distribution devices calibrating their times against each other according to a preset time period. In the time synchronization mechanism of the power distribution devices, step S50 is the basic calibration step. When the power distribution devices operate in a network environment without an external time server, multiple devices will automatically initiate mutual time calibration according to a preset time period, such as every 24 hours. During the calibration process, each device shares its current system time, and a unified reference time is formed through comparison and filtering, ensuring that the time base of multiple devices is consistent in a distributed operation scenario. This solves the problem of accumulated time drift from a single device, providing a fundamental guarantee for the time correlation of subsequent metering data, especially suitable for the collaborative management needs of multiple devices after the expansion of heterogeneous battery capacity.

[0098] Step S51: Obtain the cumulative deviation of each power distribution device after the last mutual time calibration. After completing the mutual calibration in step S50, continuously record the running time of each power distribution device from the last calibration time to the current time, and calculate the cumulative time deviation of each power distribution device during this period by comparing it with other devices through the internal timing module or by comparing it again. That is, the difference between the actual time and the time displayed by the device itself. For example, if 30 days have passed since the last calibration of a power distribution device, and its displayed time is 5 seconds behind the average time of other devices, then the cumulative deviation is 5 seconds.

[0099] Step S52 involves calculating correction parameters for each power distribution device based on the cumulative deviation. After obtaining the cumulative deviation for each power distribution device, step S52 can convert the deviation into executable correction parameters using a preset algorithm. The calculation of correction parameters needs to consider both the magnitude of the cumulative deviation and the time span over which the deviation occurred. For example, if the cumulative deviation of a power distribution device is 5 seconds over 30 days, then the daily average deviation is 5 / 30 seconds, and the correction parameter can be set as a "compensation value that increases by 5 / 30 seconds daily". This method of splitting the deviation according to time proportions ensures that the correction process conforms to the natural passage of time, avoids the disconnect between metering data and actual time nodes caused by a one-time large adjustment, and guarantees the accuracy of the corrected data.

[0100] Step S53 involves correcting the time of each power distribution device using correction parameters. Each power distribution device dynamically adjusts its system time based on the calculated correction parameters: for historical metering data, backtracking correction is performed according to the cumulative deviation over the corresponding time period, such as adding 5 / 30 seconds to the record for day 1, 10 / 30 seconds to the record for day 2, and so on; for current and future times, deviations are compensated in real-time based on the correction parameters, gradually aligning the device time with a unified benchmark. This correction mechanism solves the time synchronization problem when there is no external time server and ensures the time correlation of metering data through fine-grained parameter adjustments, providing an accurate time benchmark for multi-device collaborative charging and discharging in heterogeneous battery capacity expansion scenarios.

[0101] In addition, in this application, each power distribution device integrates a blockchain node module, which is linked with the power distribution device's energy meter and control module. After the energy meter collects the charging and discharging power data of the corresponding battery pack according to a preset time period, the control module encrypts the metering data and packages it into block data containing a timestamp, device identifier, power value, and encrypted information.

[0102] The blockchain node module synchronizes encrypted block data to a blockchain network composed of multiple similar power distribution devices through the device's communication interface. Each power distribution device, acting as a distributed node, verifies the received block data and completes consensus storage, realizing distributed ledger recording of metering data. Due to the immutable nature of blockchain, the metering data of any power distribution device must be verified and confirmed by all nodes in the network, and modifications to data on a single node will be invalidated due to mismatches with the hash values ​​stored by other nodes. This technically avoids the risk of subsequent tampering of electricity metering data. In multi-device collaborative charging and discharging scenarios, the immutable metering data stored on the blockchain can serve as a reliable basis for battery capacity assessment and electricity transaction settlement, solving the problem of traditional centralized storage being vulnerable to attacks or human tampering, and further improving the reliability and data credibility of the system in distributed energy management.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this utility model.

Claims

1. A power distribution equipment, characterized in that, The power distribution equipment has a battery interface at one end and a charging / discharging interface at the other end. The battery interface includes at least a first interface and a second interface. The first interface is connected to a first positive lead and a first negative lead, and the second interface is connected to a second positive lead and a second negative lead. The first interface is used to connect to a first battery pack, and the second interface is used to connect to a second battery pack. The first battery pack and the second battery pack have different properties. The charging and discharging interface is connected to a third positive lead and a third negative lead. The power distribution equipment further includes a first circuit breaker and a second circuit breaker. The first circuit breaker is connected between the first positive lead and the third positive lead, or the first circuit breaker is connected between the first negative lead and the third negative lead. The second circuit breaker is connected between the second positive lead and the third positive lead, or the second circuit breaker is connected between the second negative lead and the third negative lead. The first switch and the second switch respond to the control signal to charge or discharge one of the first battery pack and the second battery pack.

2. The power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first switch is connected between the first positive lead and the third positive lead, the second switch is connected between the second positive lead and the third positive lead, and the first negative lead, the second negative lead and the third negative lead are short-circuited. Alternatively, the first switch is connected between the first negative lead and the third negative lead, the second switch is connected between the second negative lead and the third negative lead, and the first positive lead, the second positive lead and the third positive lead are short-circuited.

3. The power distribution equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first switch and the second switch are either relays or contactors.

4. The power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first interface includes several first sub-interfaces. Multiple first positive leads and multiple first negative leads are provided. Each first sub-interface is connected to one first positive lead and one first negative lead. Multiple first positive leads are short-circuited, and multiple first negative leads are short-circuited. The second interface includes several second sub-interfaces. Multiple second positive leads and multiple second negative leads are provided. Each second sub-interface is connected to one second positive lead and one second negative lead. Multiple second positive leads are short-circuited, and multiple second negative leads are short-circuited.

5. The power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution equipment also includes a manual physical switch, which indirectly triggers the control circuit connecting the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to force the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to switch on and off.

6. The power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution equipment also includes a fan and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the power distribution equipment, and the fan is used to start rotating to cool down when the detected temperature exceeds a preset value. The power distribution equipment also includes an Internet of Things (IoT) module, which is used for wireless connection to remotely transmit the control signals; The power distribution equipment also includes an energy meter, which is connected to each of the battery interfaces and performs sampling and detection on each of the battery interfaces.

7. The power distribution equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power distribution equipment also includes a control module, which includes a first processor and a second processor. The first processor is used to generate control signals to control the first switch and the second switch, and a monitoring line is provided between the first processor and the second processor. The second processor is used to monitor the first processor, so that when an abnormal operation of the first processor is detected, a restart operation of the first processor is triggered, and the on-site protection mechanism and remote alarm operation are started simultaneously.

8. The power distribution equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, The monitoring line includes at least a first signal line and a second signal line. The first processor monitors the second processor based on the first signal line, and the second processor monitors the first processor based on the second signal line, so that the first processor and the second processor monitor each other, and when an anomaly is detected, the other party is forced to restart through the first signal line or the second signal line.

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