Intelligent management device for lithium battery with controllable output

Abstract

The utility model discloses a controllable output's lithium battery intelligent management device, including voltage reducing circuit, lithium battery management module, MCU control circuit and controllable output circuit, wherein, the input of voltage reducing circuit is used for connecting external power supply, and the output is connected with lithium battery management module, lithium battery management module is composed of lithium battery protection circuit, charging control circuit and state monitoring circuit, is used for carrying out real -time monitoring and protection to the working condition of lithium battery, MCU control circuit is connected with lithium battery management module and controllable output circuit, controllable output circuit is connected with lithium battery management module, and at least one output channel is controlled to MCU control circuit, the utility model has realized seamless switching of external power supply and battery power supply, perfect battery charging and discharging protection, and can intelligently close the power supply of unnecessary load when battery power supply, thereby has improved system power supply reliability, battery service life and equipment endurance time significantly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries, belonging to the field of power management technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of portable electronic devices, IoT terminals, and various embedded systems (such as security inspection equipment), increasingly higher demands are being placed on stable and efficient power supply systems. These power supply systems typically have two power supply modes: one powered by an external power source (such as an adapter or USB port), and the other powered by a built-in lithium battery. Therefore, how to achieve a smooth and seamless switching between the two power sources, and maximize the operating time when powered by battery, has become a key technical issue in this field.

[0003] Currently, there are some solutions on the market for automatic power switching. However, after in-depth analysis and practice, the inventors have discovered that existing technical solutions have at least the following technical shortcomings that urgently need to be addressed: (1) Existing switching circuits mostly use simple voltage comparison to control the switching of MOSFETs. During the transient process of power supply plugging and unplugging, due to component response delay and logic competition, the output voltage may experience a brief drop or spike. This power supply "dead time" is fatal for precision loads that require continuous and stable power supply (such as sensors and processors in security inspection equipment), and may lead to system reset, data loss or abnormal operation.

[0004] (2) Existing technologies only focus on the "switching" function itself and do not integrate intelligent management of the core energy storage unit—lithium battery. If lithium battery lacks complete charging management (such as constant current / constant voltage charging, charging termination), power monitoring and overcharge, over-discharge and overcurrent protection circuits, its service life will be significantly shortened, and there may even be a safety risk of thermal runaway.

[0005] (3) The output of existing technologies is usually singular and uncontrollable. When the system is powered by a battery, even if some loads (such as some peripheral modules) are idle, their power supply circuit is still conducting, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. This causes the overall battery life of the system to be shortened unnecessarily, and it is impossible to flexibly adjust the power consumption strategy according to the actual application scenario, thus limiting the further improvement of energy efficiency in battery-powered mode.

[0006] In summary, while existing technical solutions provide a basic approach to power switching, they have significant shortcomings in terms of switching reliability, comprehensive battery management, and controllability of output energy efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries.

[0008] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: According to an embodiment of this utility model, a controllable output intelligent lithium battery management device is provided, comprising: a step-down circuit, a lithium battery management module, an MCU control circuit, and a controllable output circuit; wherein, The input terminal of the step-down circuit is used to connect to an external power source, and the output terminal is connected to the lithium battery management module. The lithium battery management module consists of a lithium battery protection circuit, a charging control circuit, and a status monitoring circuit, and is used to monitor and protect the working status of the lithium battery in real time. The MCU control circuit is connected to the lithium battery management module and the controllable output circuit. The controllable output circuit is connected to the lithium battery management module, and at least one output channel is controlled by the MCU control circuit.

[0009] Preferably, the controllable output circuit includes a first controllable voltage regulator U4 and a second controllable voltage regulator U5, wherein the control pin IN of the first controllable voltage regulator U4 and the control pin IN of the second controllable voltage regulator U5 are respectively connected to different I / O pins of the MCU control circuit.

[0010] Preferably, the controllable output circuit further includes a linear regulator U3 without a control pin.

[0011] Preferably, the lithium battery management module includes a lithium battery management chip U2, at least one status indicator pin of the lithium battery management chip U2 is connected to the power supply through a pull-up resistor and is connected to the I / O pin of the MCU control circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the step-down circuit includes a fuse F1, a reverse transient suppression diode V1, and an isolation step-down chip U1 connected in sequence.

[0013] Preferably, the lithium battery protection circuit includes a lithium battery protection chip U7 and a MOSFET U6, and the output pin of the lithium battery protection chip U7 is connected to the gate of the MOSFET U6 through an impedance matching resistor.

[0014] Preferably, the MCU control circuit is configured to: enable all controllable output channels of the controllable output circuit when it detects that the power is supplied by an external power source; and disable at least one of the controllable output channels when it detects that the power is supplied by a lithium battery.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this utility model achieves seamless and highly reliable switching between external power supply and lithium battery by integrating intelligent power management, seamless switching and multi-controllable output circuits, effectively avoiding the risk of voltage drop during the switching process. At the same time, its built-in complete battery management and protection mechanism significantly improves the safety and lifespan of lithium battery. In addition, the innovative introduction of multi-controllable output voltage allows the power system to intelligently shut down unnecessary loads when powered by battery, thereby greatly extending the continuous working time of electrical equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a general structural block diagram of the controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries provided in this embodiment of the utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the step-down circuit in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery management module and the controllable output circuit in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium battery protection circuit in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the MCU control circuit in an embodiment of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the intelligent lithium battery management device in this embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical content of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this utility model embodiment provides a controllable output intelligent lithium battery management device. The device includes at least a step-down circuit, a lithium battery management module, an MCU control circuit, and a controllable output circuit. The input terminal of the step-down circuit is connected to an external power source, and its output terminal is connected to the lithium battery management module. The lithium battery management module consists of a lithium battery protection circuit, a charging control circuit, and a status monitoring circuit, used for real-time monitoring and protection of the lithium battery's operating status. The MCU control circuit is connected to both the lithium battery management module and the controllable output circuit. The controllable output circuit is connected to the lithium battery management module, and at least one output channel is controlled by the MCU control circuit.

[0019] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 2As shown, one end of the step-down circuit is connected to an external power supply (DC 24V), and the other end is connected to the lithium battery management module. The circuit includes a fuse F1, a reverse transient suppression diode V1, a Schottky diode V2, a first filter capacitor C1, an inductor L1, a second filter capacitor C2, an isolation step-down chip U1 (optional models include B2405S or a 220V input switching power supply), a third filter capacitor C3, and a fourth filter capacitor C4. Specifically, one end of fuse F1 is connected to the external voltage signal, and the other end is connected to the cathode of V1, one end of C1, and one end of L1; the other end of V1 is connected to the external voltage signal and the cathode of V2; the anode of V2 is connected to the other end of C1, the other end of C2, pin 2 of U1, and one end of C3; the other end of L1 is connected to one end of C2 and pin 1 of U1; pin 4 of U1 is connected to the other end of C3, one end of C4, and the GND terminal; the other end of C4 is connected to pin 6 of U1 and the +5V voltage terminal. This circuit primarily converts the external power supply voltage to a suitable circuit board-level voltage and protects the circuit safety through reverse connection protection and a fuse.

[0020] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3 As shown, the lithium battery management module includes a lithium battery management chip U2 (optional models include BQ24073 or TP4056), a fifth filter capacitor C5, an eighth filter capacitor C8, parameter configuration resistors R1 to R5, status indicator lights H2 and H3, and current limiting pull-up resistors R6, R7, and R8. Pin 1 of U2 is grounded via R1; pins 2 and 3 are connected to the OUT+ terminal of the lithium battery protection circuit and one end of C5; the other end of C5 is connected to the OUT- terminal and GND; pin 4 is connected to one end of R8 and the CE terminal of the MCU controller; the other end of R8 is connected to the power supply; pin 5 is connected to one end of R7, one end of R6, pins 10 and 11 of U2, and one end of C8; pins 6, 8, and 17 are independently connected to GND; pin 7 is connected to the VIN_POWER terminal of the MCU controller and the cathode of H3; the anode of H3 is connected to the other end of R7; pin 9 is connected to the BAT_STDBY terminal of the MCU controller and the cathode of H2; the anode of H2 is connected to the other end of R6; pin 12 is grounded via R5 to set the system load current and battery charging current; pin 13 is connected to the +5V voltage terminal of the buck circuit; pin 14 is grounded via R4 to enable the safety timer; pin 15 is grounded via R3 to enable the charger termination function; pin 16 is grounded via R2 to set the fast charging current. This module has functions such as charging control of lithium batteries, power status monitoring, and charge / discharge protection. It ensures signal stability through pull-up resistors and MCU control circuits, and achieves energy storage and filtering noise reduction through bypass capacitors and controllable output circuits.

[0021] like Figure 4As shown, the lithium battery protection circuit includes a lithium battery connector X1, a lithium battery protection chip U7 (optional models include DW01A or can be built using discrete components), a MOSFET U6, impedance matching resistors R10 and R12, current limiting resistors R11 and R13, and an eleventh filter capacitor C11. One end of X1-1 is connected to one end of R13 and the OUT+ terminal, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the lithium battery; one end of X1-2 is connected to one end of C11, pin 6 of U7, pins 1 / 2 / 3 / 5 of U6, one end of R11 and the OUT- terminal, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of the lithium battery; pin 1 of U7 is connected to one end of R12; pin 2 is connected to the other end of R11; pin 3 is connected to one end of R10; pin 5 is connected to the other end of C11 and the other end of R13; pin 4 of U6 is connected to the other end of R10; and pin 6 is connected to the other end of R12. This circuit directly connects to the lithium battery, preventing damage due to overcharging, over-discharging, or overcurrent.

[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, the controllable output circuit includes a linear regulator U3 (optional models include XC6206, TPS7A05, or ASM1117), a first controllable regulator U4, a second controllable regulator U5, filter capacitors C6, C7, C9, C10, a current-limiting resistor R10, and a status indicator light H1. The IN terminal of U3 is connected to one end of C8, one end of U4, one end of C9, one end of U5, and one end of C10; the OUT terminal of U3 is connected to one end of C6, one end of C7, the +3V3 voltage, and one end of R10; the VSS terminal of U3 is connected to the other end of C6, the other end of C7, the cathode of H1, and GND; the OUT terminal of U4 is connected to the other end of C9 and GND, its IN terminal is connected to the EN1 terminal of the MCU controller, and its 5 terminal is connected to the +3V3_1 voltage; the IN terminal of U5 is connected to the ENOUT terminal of the MCU controller, and its 5 terminal is connected to the +3V3_2 voltage. This circuit is used to convert the voltage output by the lithium battery management module into the voltage required by the load. It is implemented using two low-dropout linear regulators with control pins and one without control pins.

[0023] like Figure 5 As shown, the MCU control circuit includes an MCU controller U8 (optional models include C8051F, DSP, FPGA, etc.), pull-up resistors R14 and R15. Pin 15 of U8 is connected to one end of R14 and the EN1 terminal of the controllable output circuit; pin 16 is connected to one end of R15 and the ENOUT terminal of the controllable output circuit; pins 20, 21, and 22 are connected to the BAT_STDBY, VIN_POWER, and CE terminals respectively for signal interaction; the other ends of R14 and R15 are both connected to external voltages. The MCU control circuit is connected to the lithium battery management module and the controllable output circuit respectively, and is used to perform logic control on the various functional units of the entire device.

[0024] like Figure 6As shown, the lithium battery intelligent management device provided by this utility model has its operation process controlled by the MCU controller as the core logic. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Power-on and initialization First, the power-on process is completed. After power-on, the MCU controller immediately performs a self-test of the system's internal logic and simultaneously enables the charging function to prepare for possible battery charging.

[0025] 2. Power supply mode determination and output control The MCU controller reads the critical status signal PGOOD to determine the current power source.

[0026] Scenario 1: Powered by external power supply (PGOOD==0) When the PGOOD signal is 0, it indicates that the device is being powered by an external power source.

[0027] In this mode, the MCU controller will enable all controllable output channels (i.e., EN1, EN2, and EN3 are all valid), ensuring that all peripheral circuits are powered and the device enters full-function operation.

[0028] Meanwhile, the device continuously monitors the battery charging status signal CHG.

[0029] If CHG != 0 is detected (which usually indicates that the battery is fully charged), the MCU controller will turn off the charging enable pin and stop charging the lithium battery to effectively protect the battery life, and the device will continue to operate in full-function mode.

[0030] If the battery is not fully charged, it will continue to charge.

[0031] Scenario 2: Battery powered (PGOOD!= 0) When the PGOOD signal is not 0, it indicates that the device is powered by the built-in lithium battery.

[0032] In this mode, to maximize battery life, the MCU controller implements an energy-saving output strategy: only EN1 output is enabled, while EN2 and EN3 outputs are disabled to cut off power to non-core or high-power peripheral modules.

[0033] Subsequently, the device can enter the subsequent processing stage according to a preset strategy. This stage allows the device to maintain operation in the basic mode, or, depending on the actual application scenario, the MCU controller can control it to enter a deeper energy-saving mode such as Sleep mode or Stop mode, until a wake-up signal is received and the power supply status is reassessed.

[0034] The above workflow, through the intelligent judgment and control of the MCU controller, realizes seamless switching management between external power supply and battery, automatic battery charging management, and differentiated output strategy based on power supply mode, thereby significantly improving power utilization efficiency and battery life while ensuring system functionality.

[0035] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples. The technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined, and all are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] The controllable output intelligent lithium battery management device provided by this utility model has been described in detail above. Any obvious modifications made to this utility model by those skilled in the art without departing from its essential content will constitute an infringement of the patent rights of this utility model and will incur corresponding legal liability.

Claims

1. A controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries, characterized in that... include: The circuit includes a step-down circuit, a lithium battery management module, an MCU control circuit, and a controllable output circuit; among which, The input terminal of the step-down circuit is used to connect to an external power source, and the output terminal is connected to the lithium battery management module. The lithium battery management module consists of a lithium battery protection circuit, a charging control circuit, and a status monitoring circuit, and is used to monitor and protect the working status of the lithium battery in real time. The MCU control circuit is connected to the lithium battery management module and the controllable output circuit. The controllable output circuit is connected to the lithium battery management module, and at least one output channel is controlled by the MCU control circuit.

2. The controllable output intelligent lithium battery management device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The controllable output circuit includes a first controllable voltage regulator (U4) and a second controllable voltage regulator (U5). The control pin (IN) of the first controllable voltage regulator (U4) and the control pin (IN) of the second controllable voltage regulator (U5) are respectively connected to different I / O pins of the MCU control circuit.

3. The controllable output intelligent lithium battery management device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The controllable output circuit also includes a linear regulator (U3) without a control pin.

4. The intelligent lithium battery management device with controllable output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium battery management module includes a lithium battery management chip (U2), at least one status indicator pin of the lithium battery management chip (U2) is connected to the power supply through pull-up resistors (R6, R7) and is connected to the I / O pin of the MCU control circuit.

5. The controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The lithium battery management chip is either BQ24073 or TP4056.

6. The intelligent lithium battery management device with controllable output as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The step-down circuit includes a fuse (F1), a reverse transient suppression diode (V1), and an isolation step-down chip (U1) connected in sequence.

7. The controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium battery protection circuit includes a lithium battery protection chip (U7) and a MOSFET (U6). The output pin of the lithium battery protection chip (U7) is connected to the gate of the MOSFET (U6) through impedance matching resistors (R10, R12).

8. The controllable output intelligent management device for lithium batteries as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The lithium battery protection chip is DW01A.

9. The intelligent lithium battery management device with controllable output as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The MCU control circuit is configured to enable all controllable output channels of the controllable output circuit when it detects that the circuit is powered by an external power source, and to disable at least one of the controllable output channels when it detects that the circuit is powered by a lithium battery.

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