A supercapacitor-based vehicle power-off protection system and vehicle
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520786686.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-04-23
AI Technical Summary
智能配电盒作为汽车的一级配电管理单元，控制车内所有电源的开启和关闭，且由于近些年经常发生新能源汽车在发生交通事故后，出现刹车失灵、安全气囊没有打开、车门锁死导致驾驶者以及乘客无法打开的情况，进而造成更大的人身财产损失的事件，对这些安全性负载(例如转向、安全气囊、刹车助力等等)以及车门把手、车门锁等重要负载的持续供电显得尤为重要，即，需确保即使新能源汽车的主电源断电，或主电源异常，对于上述负载不能掉电
[0017]根据本公开的基于超级电容的车辆断电保护系统和车辆，在车辆接收到紧急故障信号后，或者在识别出车端供电模块断电后，可以控制第一开关模块导通辅助供电电路，并启动超级电容模块放电以经由辅助供电电路给负载(例如车门把手、车门锁)供电，采用超级电容模块作为冗余电源给安全负载以及车门把手、车门锁等必要负载供电，使智能配电盒电路设计更简单、响应速度更快、使用寿命更长、成本相对降低。
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Figure CN224890379U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automotive intelligent power distribution technology, and in particular to a vehicle power failure protection system and vehicle based on supercapacitor. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of semiconductor technology, various new semiconductor devices such as E-fuse (electronic fuse), MOSFET, and HSD (High-Side Driver) have been gradually applied to the design of intelligent power distribution products to achieve intelligent protection and monitoring. As the primary power distribution management unit in a vehicle, the intelligent power distribution box controls the on / off switching of all power sources within the vehicle. In recent years, there have been frequent incidents of new energy vehicles experiencing brake failure, airbag failure to deploy, and locked doors after traffic accidents, leading to greater personal injury and property damage. Therefore, continuous power supply to these safety loads (such as steering, airbags, and brake assist) and critical loads like door handles and locks is particularly important. That is, it is necessary to ensure that even if the main power supply of the new energy vehicle is interrupted or malfunctions, the aforementioned loads do not lose power. Existing technical solutions typically employ dual-chip parallel power supply; however, this solution suffers from doubled costs, increased power consumption, and power supply anomalies caused by interference between the two power chips. Utility Model Content
[0003] This disclosure provides a supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system and vehicle to at least partially solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0004] This disclosure provides a vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor for use in an intelligent power distribution box. The vehicle power failure protection system includes: a vehicle-side power supply module, a fault detection module, an IDU control module, a power management module, a supercapacitor module, a first switch module, and a load.
[0005] The vehicle-side power supply module supplies power to each power module in the vehicle power failure protection system and the load via the main power supply circuit. The supercapacitor module is connected to the power management pin of the power management module. The first switch module is provided on the auxiliary power supply circuit between the supercapacitor module and the load.
[0006] The fault detection module is used to detect emergency fault signals from the outside. The signal output terminal of the fault detection module is connected to the signal input terminal of the IDU control module. The signal output terminal of the IDU control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the power management module. The signal output terminal of the power management module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module.
[0007] The power management module is configured to, upon receiving a first control signal issued by the IDU control module based on the emergency fault signal, or upon identifying that the vehicle-side power supply module has lost power, control the first switch module to turn on the auxiliary power supply circuit and start the supercapacitor module to discharge so as to supply power to the load via the auxiliary power supply circuit.
[0008] Preferably, the emergency fault signal includes a collision signal, a manual emergency distress signal, and a remote emergency trigger signal.
[0009] Preferably, the main power supply circuit is further provided with a second switch module, the output terminal of the power management module is connected to the control terminal of the second switch module, and the power management module is further configured to control the second switch module to turn off to disconnect the main power supply circuit after receiving the first control signal.
[0010] Preferably, it further includes a main power supply circuit status monitoring module, which is configured to monitor the power supply parameters of the vehicle-side power supply module and send them to the IDU control module. The IDU control module is configured to send a second control signal to the power management module after determining that the main power supply circuit is abnormal based on the power supply parameters. The power management module is further configured to control the second switch module to turn off and the first switch module to turn on after receiving the second control signal, and start the supercapacitor module to discharge.
[0011] Preferably, the system also includes a system basic power management chip and a communication module. The power of the main power supply circuit supplies power to the IDU control module via the system basic power management chip. The fault detection module is integrated in the system basic power management chip. The system basic power management chip is electrically connected to the communication module, and the communication module is electrically connected to the IDU control module.
[0012] Preferably, the supercapacitor module is a capacitor bank consisting of a single supercapacitor or multiple supercapacitors connected in series or parallel.
[0013] Preferably, a boost circuit is further provided between the power management module and the first switching module. The boost circuit receives the voltage signal from the supercapacitor module, boosts it, and obtains a power supply voltage signal suitable for the load.
[0014] Preferably, the system further includes a supercapacitor status monitoring module, wherein the IDU control module is electrically connected to the supercapacitor status monitoring module and is used to control whether the power management module stops supplying power to the supercapacitor module or stops the supercapacitor module from discharging, based on the status data of the supercapacitor module.
[0015] Preferably, the supercapacitor status monitoring module includes a temperature sensor and a voltage sensor.
[0016] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a vehicle including the supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system described in any of the above embodiments.
[0017] According to the supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system and vehicle disclosed herein, after the vehicle receives an emergency fault signal or after identifying that the vehicle-side power supply module has lost power, the first switch module can be controlled to conduct the auxiliary power supply circuit and start the supercapacitor module to discharge so as to supply power to the load (such as door handles and door locks) through the auxiliary power supply circuit. Using the supercapacitor module as a redundant power source to supply power to the safety load and necessary loads such as door handles and door locks makes the intelligent power distribution box circuit design simpler, the response speed faster, the service life longer, and the cost relatively lower. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural block diagram of a vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor, which is a preferred embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Furthermore, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this disclosure can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this disclosure provides a preferred embodiment of a vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor for use in an intelligent power distribution box, including: a vehicle-side power supply module, a fault detection module, an IDU control module, a power management module, a supercapacitor module, a first switch module K1, and a load;
[0022] The vehicle-side power supply module supplies power to each power module and load in the vehicle power failure protection system via the main power supply circuit. The supercapacitor module is connected to the power management pin of the power management module. The first switch module K1 is set on the auxiliary power supply circuit between the supercapacitor module and the load.
[0023] The fault detection module is used to detect emergency fault signals from the outside. The signal output terminal of the fault detection module is connected to the signal input terminal of the IDU control module. The signal output terminal of the IDU control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the power management module. The signal output terminal of the power management module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module K1.
[0024] The power management module is configured to, upon receiving the first control signal issued by the IDU control module based on the emergency fault signal, or upon identifying that the vehicle-side power supply module has lost power, control the first switch module K1 to conduct the auxiliary power supply circuit and start the supercapacitor module to discharge so as to supply power to the load via the auxiliary power supply circuit.
[0025] Specifically, emergency fault signals can include a CRASH signal, a manual emergency distress signal, and a remote emergency trigger signal. It should be noted that a CRASH signal can be understood as a passive fault signal, such as a signal triggered by a traffic accident, which can be detected by a collision sensor in the fault detection module; a manual emergency distress signal can be understood as a signal triggered by manually operating the car key or the vehicle's emergency button; and a remote emergency trigger signal can be understood as a signal triggered via a mobile app.
[0026] Specifically, the aforementioned loads can be safety loads, such as steering, airbags, and brake assist, or they can be important loads such as door handles and door locks.
[0027] It is understood that in the supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system of this embodiment, the vehicle power supply module can be a battery or a DC-DC vehicle power supply, and the other modules, such as the power management module, IDU control module, and first switch module K1, are all set in the smart power distribution box, specifically integrated on the circuit board of the smart power distribution box.
[0028] Under normal vehicle operation, the power supply module at the vehicle end charges the supercapacitor module via the main power supply circuit in the intelligent power distribution box, while simultaneously supplying power to downstream loads. However, when the vehicle receives an emergency fault signal—that is, the fault detection module detects an external emergency fault signal and transmits it to the IDU control module—the IDU control module sends a first control signal to the power management module based on the emergency fault signal. The power management module then controls the first switch module K1 to activate the auxiliary power supply circuit based on the first control signal, initiating the discharge of the supercapacitor module to supply power to the loads via the auxiliary power supply circuit. It can be understood that at this time, the main power supply circuit is generally energized, the intelligent power distribution box is functioning normally, and the emergency fault signal flows sequentially through the fault detection module and the IDU control module to the power management module, thereby initiating the discharge of the supercapacitor module.
[0029] Of course, when the vehicle-side power supply module is de-energized, that is, when there is no power in the main power supply circuit, the intelligent power distribution box cannot work properly, and the signal can no longer flow to the power management module through the fault detection module and the IDU control module. Therefore, the power management module needs to be configured to compare the output voltage of the vehicle-side power supply module through its own comparator to directly identify whether the vehicle-side power supply module is de-energized. When the vehicle-side power supply module is de-energized, the first switch module K1 is directly controlled to conduct the auxiliary power supply circuit, and the supercapacitor module is started to discharge to supply power to the load through the auxiliary power supply circuit.
[0030] In some embodiments, a second switch module K2 may also be provided on the main power supply circuit. The output terminal of the power management module is connected to the control terminal of the second switch module K2. The power management module is further configured to control the second switch module K2 to turn off and disconnect the main power supply circuit after receiving a first control signal issued by the IDU control module based on an emergency fault signal. Thus, when the supercapacitor module has already been activated as a redundant power source to supply power to the load, disconnecting the second switch module K2 can save energy in the main power supply circuit.
[0031] In some embodiments, the vehicle power failure protection system may further include a main power supply circuit status monitoring module. Typically, this module is a current sensor. The main power supply circuit status monitoring module is configured to monitor the power supply parameters (usually the supply current) of the vehicle-side power supply module and send them to the IDU control module. The IDU control module is configured to send a second control signal to the power management module after determining an abnormality in the main power supply circuit based on the power supply parameters. The power management module is further configured to, upon receiving the second control signal, control the second switch module K2 to turn off and the first switch module K1 to turn on, and initiate the discharge of the supercapacitor module. It should be noted that the condition for the IDU control module to determine an abnormality in the main power supply circuit based on the power supply parameters may be whether the voltage value converted from the supply current is less than a preset threshold (usually a voltage threshold that meets the normal operating voltage of the load). If the real-time collected voltage value is less than the preset threshold, then the main power supply circuit is determined to be abnormal.
[0032] It is understandable that when the power supply module at the vehicle end is abnormal (excluding the case of power failure), the main power supply circuit can be disconnected by controlling the second switch module K2, and the supercapacitor module can be started to supply power to the load through the auxiliary power supply circuit to ensure the stability of continuous power supply.
[0033] In this embodiment, both the first switching module K1 and the second switching module K2 can be configured as field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).
[0034] Preferably, such as Figure 1As shown, a diode D1 is also provided on the power supply circuit between the vehicle-side power supply module and the supercapacitor module to prevent the current from the supercapacitor module from flowing back to the vehicle-side power supply module.
[0035] More specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system includes a system basic chip (SBC) and a communication module (CAN transceiver). Power from the main power supply circuit is supplied to the IDU control module via the SBC. The fault detection module is integrated into the SBC. The SBC is electrically connected to the communication module, which in turn is electrically connected to the IDU control module. Therefore, emergency fault signals are transmitted to the IDU control module via the SBC and CAN transceiver.
[0036] It is understandable that the basic power management chip of the system usually adopts the SBC chip that meets the functional safety certification requirements. The SBC basically has the following conventional functions: 1. Reduce the voltage of DC-DC or car battery to the microcontroller operating voltage (e.g., 5V / 3.3V); 2. Monitor the output voltage overcurrent, overvoltage, undervoltage and other abnormal problems and store them in an independent safety module; 3. Shut down the output and send a safety signal when the chip malfunctions; 4. Have multiple buck output functions.
[0037] Preferably, the supercapacitor module can be a single supercapacitor or a capacitor bank composed of multiple supercapacitors connected in series or parallel. In this embodiment, such as... Figure 1 As shown, multiple 50F supercapacitors with a rated current of 5A are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the power management module. The parallel connection of multiple supercapacitors allows for the release of large currents in a short time, and has the advantages of low internal resistance and minimal impact of single-point failure on the entire system, making it suitable for scenarios such as the forced discharge of a car engine.
[0038] Furthermore, in order to meet the voltage requirements for normal operation of the load, a boost circuit is also provided between the power management module and the first switch module K1. The boost circuit receives the voltage signal from the supercapacitor module, boosts it, and obtains a power supply voltage signal suitable for the load.
[0039] In other embodiments, the supercapacitor module can also use a 50F supercapacitor with a rated current of 5A connected in series with the power management module. The advantage of series connection is that it allows for easy stacking of supercapacitors, and the voltage superposition achieved through series connection eliminates the need for a boost circuit. It is understood that the configuration of the supercapacitor module and the selection of individual supercapacitor specifications can be chosen according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.
[0040] In some embodiments, the vehicle power failure protection system may further include a supercapacitor status monitoring module. The IDU control module is electrically connected to the supercapacitor status monitoring module and is used to control the power management module to stop supplying power to the supercapacitor module or to stop the supercapacitor module from discharging based on the status data of the supercapacitor module. Preferably, the supercapacitor status monitoring module may include a temperature sensor and a voltage sensor.
[0041] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a vehicle including the supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system described in any of the above embodiments.
[0042] According to the supercapacitor-based vehicle power failure protection system and vehicle disclosed herein, after the vehicle receives an emergency fault signal or after identifying that the vehicle-side power supply module has lost power, the first switch module K1 can be controlled to conduct the auxiliary power supply circuit and start the supercapacitor module to discharge so as to supply power to the load (such as door handles and door locks) through the auxiliary power supply circuit. The use of the supercapacitor module as a redundant power source to supply power to the safety load and the necessary loads such as door handles and door locks makes the intelligent power distribution box circuit design simpler, the response speed faster, the service life longer, and the cost relatively lower.
[0043] Although preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this disclosure.
[0044] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of this disclosure fall within the scope of the claims of this disclosure and their equivalents, this disclosure is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
[0045] It should also be understood that, in the embodiments herein, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following associated objects have an "or" relationship.
[0046] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this document.
[0047] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0048] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiments described herein, depending on actual needs.
[0049] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this document can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.
[0050] This document uses specific embodiments to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this document. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this document. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this document. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this document.
Claims
1. A vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor, characterized in that, For use in intelligent power distribution boxes, the vehicle power failure protection system includes: a vehicle-side power supply module, a fault detection module, an IDU control module, a power management module, a supercapacitor module, a first switch module, and a load; The vehicle-side power supply module supplies power to each power module in the vehicle power failure protection system and the load via the main power supply circuit. The supercapacitor module is connected to the power management pin of the power management module. The first switch module is provided on the auxiliary power supply circuit between the supercapacitor module and the load. The fault detection module is used to detect emergency fault signals from the outside. The signal output terminal of the fault detection module is connected to the signal input terminal of the IDU control module. The signal output terminal of the IDU control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the power management module. The signal output terminal of the power management module is connected to the control terminal of the first switch module. The power management module is configured to, upon receiving a first control signal issued by the IDU control module based on the emergency fault signal, or upon identifying that the vehicle-side power supply module has lost power, control the first switch module to turn on the auxiliary power supply circuit and start the supercapacitor module to discharge so as to supply power to the load via the auxiliary power supply circuit. The main power supply circuit is also provided with a second switch module. The output terminal of the power management module is connected to the control terminal of the second switch module. The power management module is also configured to control the second switch module to turn off to disconnect the main power supply circuit after receiving the first control signal.
2. The vehicle power failure protection system based on supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency fault signals include collision signals, manual emergency distress signals, and remote emergency trigger signals.
3. The vehicle power failure protection system based on supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a main power supply circuit status monitoring module, which is configured to monitor the power supply parameters of the vehicle-side power supply module and send them to the IDU control module. The IDU control module is configured to send a second control signal to the power management module after determining that the main power supply circuit is abnormal based on the power supply parameters. The power management module is further configured to control the second switch module to turn off and the first switch module to turn on after receiving the second control signal, and start the supercapacitor module to discharge.
4. The vehicle power failure protection system based on supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a system basic power management chip and a communication module. The power of the main power supply circuit is supplied to the IDU control module via the system basic power management chip. The fault detection module is integrated in the system basic power management chip. The system basic power management chip is electrically connected to the communication module, and the communication module is electrically connected to the IDU control module.
5. The vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supercapacitor module is a capacitor bank consisting of a single supercapacitor or multiple supercapacitors connected in series or parallel.
6. The vehicle power failure protection system based on supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A boost circuit is also provided between the power management module and the first switching module. The boost circuit receives the voltage signal from the supercapacitor module, boosts it, and obtains a power supply voltage signal suitable for the load.
7. The vehicle power failure protection system based on supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a supercapacitor status monitoring module. The IDU control module is electrically connected to the supercapacitor status monitoring module and is used to control whether the power management module stops supplying power to the supercapacitor module or stops the supercapacitor module from discharging, based on the status data of the supercapacitor module.
8. The vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The supercapacitor status monitoring module includes a temperature sensor and a voltage sensor.
9. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including a vehicle power failure protection system based on a supercapacitor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.