Communication terminal and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a communication terminal and a vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of satellite communication. The communication terminal comprises a radio frequency layer and a baseband and control layer. The radio frequency layer is provided with a receiving antenna, a transmitting antenna and a frequency conversion module, and the frequency conversion module is connected with the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna. The baseband and control layer is provided with a low-orbit baseband, a high-orbit baseband and a main control module, and the main control module is connected with the low-orbit baseband and the high-orbit baseband. The low-orbit baseband and the high-orbit baseband are connected with the frequency conversion module, and under the control of the main control module, the radio frequency layer is shared, and communication with a high-orbit satellite or a low-orbit satellite is established through the radio frequency layer. The communication terminal can be used in a vehicle, and the satellite communication efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of satellite communications, and more particularly to a communication terminal and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In modern communication networks, satellite communication is an indispensable component. It primarily achieves data transmission and communication by communicating with high-Earth orbit (HEO) or low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. However, the communication terminals used for HEO communication and the equipment used for LEO communication are two distinct types of communication terminals.

[0003] Since the two communication terminals are independent of each other and the frequency front-ends that can communicate directly with satellites are not shared, users need to manually switch between high and low orbit satellite communication when integrating communication, which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and has low communication efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems of low efficiency in high-Earth orbit (HEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite integrated communication in existing technologies, this application provides a communication terminal and vehicle that optimizes HEO and LEO satellite communication switching operations and improves communication efficiency by automatically switching HEO and LEO satellite communication links.

[0005] Firstly, a communication terminal is provided, comprising: Transmitting antenna and receiving antenna: Both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can be pointed at high-orbit satellites or low-orbit satellites and communicate with high-orbit satellites or low-orbit satellites; Frequency conversion module: connected to the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively; Main control module: connected to the frequency converter module; Low-rail baseband: connected to the frequency converter module and the main control module respectively; High-speed baseband: Connects to the frequency converter module and the main control module respectively.

[0006] In this embodiment, to address the low efficiency of integrated communication between high-Earth orbit (HEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, a radio frequency (RF) layer and a baseband and control layer are first defined. The RF layer is equipped with transmitting and receiving antennas that can point to HEO and LEO satellites, establishing communication links with satellites in different orbits. The baseband and control layer includes a main control module, a LEO baseband module, and a HEO baseband module. A frequency conversion module acts as a bridge between the RF layer and the baseband and control layer. On one hand, it receives baseband signals from both the LEO and HEO baseband modules, selects a suitable baseband signal, and converts it into an RF signal suitable for the transmitting antenna. On the other hand, it converts satellite RF signals captured by the receiving antenna into baseband signals, enabling a shared RF layer for HEO and LEO satellite communication and overcoming the limitations of single-orbit satellite communication. The main control module coordinates the LEO and HEO baseband modules, using the shared RF layer to complete communication with HEO and LEO satellites, and can switch between them as needed.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frequency converter module includes: Switch: includes a control terminal, an output terminal and two selection input terminals. The control terminal is connected to the main control module, one selection input terminal is connected to the high-orbit baseband, and the other selection input terminal is connected to the low-orbit baseband. Up-converter: connected to the output terminal of the switching switch and the transmitting antenna respectively.

[0008] This application further proposes a communication terminal that allows selection of either a high-orbit (HOR) or low-orbit (LEO) baseband signal for uploading. The two selection inputs of a switch are connected to the HOR and LEO baseband networks respectively, and under the control of the main control module, the switch selects either the HOR or LEO baseband signal for input to the upconverter. For example, if communication with a HOR satellite is required, the switch selects the HOR baseband signal; if communication with a LEO satellite is required, the switch selects the LEO baseband signal. This allows switching of the communication link according to actual needs, enabling communication between HOR and LEO satellites. The upconverter converts the HOR or LEO baseband signal into a radio frequency (RF) signal, which is then transmitted by the transmitting antenna to the required HOR or LEO satellite. This achieves selective conversion of HOR and LEO baseband signals to RF signals, ensuring that the transmitted signal frequency band matches the target satellite and preventing communication interruptions.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frequency conversion module further includes: a down-converter and a power divider network component; wherein, The input terminal of the downconverter is connected to the receiving antenna, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power divider network component. The output terminals of the power divider network component are respectively connected to the high-orbit baseband, the low-orbit baseband, and the main control module.

[0010] This application further proposes a communication terminal capable of receiving radio frequency (RF) signals from high-orbit and low-orbit satellites. After the receiving antenna captures the RF signals transmitted by the high-orbit or low-orbit satellite, it inputs them to a down-converter. The down-converter converts the RF signals into baseband signals, ensuring they can be processed by the high-orbit baseband, low-orbit baseband, and main control module. The down-converter sends the baseband signals to a power divider network (PDN), whose output distributes the baseband signals to the high-orbit baseband, low-orbit baseband, and main control module. This not only achieves the conversion and precise distribution of RF signals to baseband signals, but also simplifies the signal transmission path compared to existing technologies that use two separate frequency converters to process high-orbit and low-orbit signals and independently transmit their processed signals. The PDN unifies signal transmission management, requiring only one frequency converter module to process the signal, thus reducing hardware redundancy.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the main control module further includes: Link switching relay: Its switching terminals are respectively connected to the low-orbit baseband and the high-orbit baseband; On-chip processor: connects the input terminal of the link switching relay and the frequency conversion module.

[0012] In this embodiment, a communication terminal capable of switching the communication link between the baseband and control layer is further proposed. The on-chip processor can determine the required communication link based on the scenario or service, i.e., whether communication with the high-orbit baseband or the low-orbit baseband is required. Under the control of the on-chip processor, the switching terminal of the link switching relay selects to connect to the low-orbit or high-orbit baseband, forming a complete and connected communication link. By connecting and disconnecting the physical link, both rapid link switching and improved reliability of link switching are achieved.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the main control module further includes: On-chip processor: connects the frequency conversion module, the high-rail baseband and the low-rail baseband; Carrier receiver: The input terminal of the carrier receiver is connected to the frequency conversion module, and the output terminal of the carrier receiver is the on-chip processor.

[0014] In this embodiment, a communication terminal capable of monitoring satellite communication is further proposed. The input of a carrier receiver is connected to a frequency conversion module, receiving the baseband signal sent by the frequency conversion module. Carrier-related information is obtained from the baseband signal, and based on this information, the receiver can further determine whether the receiving antenna of the communication terminal is aligned with the satellite, detect the satellite signal strength, and track Doppler frequency offset and phase jitter. The carrier receiver feeds back the analyzed information to an on-chip processor, enabling the on-chip processor to coordinate the frequency conversion module and the high-orbit and low-orbit baseband signals in a timely manner to compensate for Doppler frequency offset and phase distortion in satellite communication, thereby achieving accurate acquisition, tracking, and adjustment of the carrier signal.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frequency converter module further includes: A navigation information receiving component, wherein the input end of the navigation information receiving component is connected to the Global Positioning System, and the output end of the navigation information receiving component is connected to the main control module.

[0016] In this embodiment, a communication terminal with positioning functionality is further proposed. The input end of the navigation information receiving component is connected to the Global Positioning System (GPS) to receive the communication terminal's location and time information transmitted by satellites in the GPS in real time. The navigation information receiving component sends the communication terminal's location and time information to the main control module. After analysis, the main control module can adjust the angles of the transmitting and receiving antennas to further enhance the signal strength and stability of the communication link with the satellite, and can also synchronize the internal time of the communication terminal to improve the accuracy of signal processing.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the main control module includes a power management component, and the communication terminal further includes a power interface; the power interface is connected to an external power supply and the input terminal of the power management component; the output terminal of the power management component is respectively connected to the high-orbit baseband, the low-orbit baseband, the frequency conversion module, the transmitting antenna, and the receiving antenna.

[0018] This application further proposes a communication terminal with power supply functionality. The power interface of the communication terminal is directly connected to an external power source, inputting external electrical energy to the input terminal of the power management component. The power management component converts the voltage of the external power source into the operating voltage required by each module, sending stable power to each module. Simultaneously, in the event of abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, or short circuit, the power management component immediately cuts off the power supply to the corresponding channel, protecting the communication terminal from damage. This achieves precise power supply to each module while also providing power protection, enhancing the stability of the communication terminal.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the communication terminal further includes: Peripheral interfaces: connect the main control module and external devices respectively.

[0020] This application further proposes a communication terminal with extended functionality. The peripheral interface serves as a bridge between the communication terminal and external devices, supporting bidirectional data transmission. The main control module transmits data received from satellite communication and internal data of the communication terminal to external devices via the peripheral interface. Simultaneously, information from external devices can also be transmitted to the main control module via the peripheral interface, allowing the main control module to coordinate the corresponding operations of each module. This enables information interaction between the communication terminal and external devices, improving the compatibility and usability of the communication terminal.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the communication terminal further includes: Status indicator: Connected to the main control module.

[0022] In this embodiment, a communication terminal capable of intuitively displaying the network status of the communication terminal is further proposed. The status indicator is connected to the main control module. The main control module analyzes the current network status of the communication terminal and sends a control signal to the status indicator. Based on the control signal, the status indicator displays the information corresponding to the current network status. This clear and intuitive display of the communication terminal's network status facilitates user observation and timely response.

[0023] Secondly, a vehicle is provided. The vehicle includes the communication terminal described in the first aspect above.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include at least the following: The communication terminal provided in this application embodiment is applied to a vehicle. Through the coordinated operation of the main control module, the high-orbit baseband and low-orbit baseband share the radio frequency layer. The frequency conversion module completes the conversion between baseband signals and radio frequency signals, establishing communication with high-orbit and low-orbit satellites. This achieves automatic switching between high-orbit and low-orbit satellite communication links, optimizes the high-orbit and low-orbit satellite communication switching operation, improves communication efficiency, and solves the problem of low satellite communication efficiency.

[0025] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more apparent, specific embodiments of this application are given below. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the communication terminal according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the communication terminal according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the transmitting antenna in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the receiving antenna in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of the main control module in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 6This is a structural block diagram of the frequency converter module in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] In the diagram, 101 is the transmitting antenna, 102 is the receiving antenna, 103 is the frequency converter module, 104 is the low-orbit baseband, 105 is the high-orbit baseband, 106 is the main control module, 107 is the temperature-controlled fan, 108 is the status indicator, 109 is the peripheral interface, 110 is the power interface, 1061 is the on-chip processor, 1062 is the link switching relay, 1063 is the power management component, 1064 is the carrier receiver, 1031 is the up-converter, 1032 is the switching switch, 1033 is the down-converter, 1034 is the power divider network component, 1035 is the navigation information receiving component, and 1036 is the timing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0035] The prefixes such as "first" and "second" used in this application embodiment are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. The use of ordinal numbers and other prefixes used to distinguish descriptive objects in this application embodiment does not constitute a limitation on the described objects. The description of the described objects is given in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and should not constitute unnecessary restrictions due to the use of such prefixes. Furthermore, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0037] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0038] In the automotive industry, satellite communication terminals provide vehicles with all-weather, all-terrain communication capabilities. For example, in remote mountainous areas, deserts, or uninhabited regions, ground base stations are scarce, making communication via ground base stations difficult. However, communication terminals communicate directly with satellites, receiving radio frequency signals from low-Earth orbit and high-Earth orbit satellites, reducing reliance on ground base stations and further expanding communication coverage. Communication terminals can not only receive satellite signals but also transmit information to satellites, enabling multi-vehicle communication and facilitating fleet management.

[0039] In current technologies, satellite communication primarily relies on high-Earth orbit (HEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. HEO satellite communication offers wide coverage, typically capable of covering an entire country or region. Because the orbital period of HEO satellites is synchronized with the Earth's rotation, they are relatively stationary compared to ground-based terminals connecting to HEO satellites, eliminating the need for frequent tracking. However, their transmission paths are long, resulting in extremely high communication latency, typically exceeding 500ms, and significant path loss. This also places high demands on terminal transmission power, and when a vehicle is in motion, establishing a connection with a HEO satellite is susceptible to communication link interruptions due to physical obstructions.

[0040] Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication relies on a satellite constellation network composed of multiple satellites. When a terminal communicates with LEO satellites, the transmission latency is low and the link loss is minimal, providing a user experience close to that of a terrestrial cellular network. However, because satellites move at high speeds relative to ground-based communication terminals, the communication window for a single satellite is short, requiring frequent inter-satellite handovers to maintain link continuity.

[0041] While high-Earth orbit (HEO) and low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites complement each other in terms of communication characteristics, the equipment used for LEO satellite communication and the equipment used for HEO satellite communication are independent and do not communicate with each other. Integrating the two into a single device requires users to manually switch between HEO and LEO satellite communication, which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and inefficient.

[0042] Based on the above application scenarios, this application proposes a communication terminal.

[0043] Figure 1and Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the communication terminal provided in this embodiment.

[0044] In the diagram, the yellow line represents the radio frequency or baseband signal flow, the red line represents the power signal flow, the purple line represents the control signal flow, and the blue line represents the network signal flow.

[0045] In this embodiment of the application, the communication terminal includes: a radio frequency layer and a baseband and control layer.

[0046] The radio frequency layer includes a transmitting antenna 101, a receiving antenna 102, and a frequency conversion module 103. The frequency conversion module 103 is connected to the transmitting antenna 101 and the receiving antenna 102 respectively. Both the transmitting antenna 101 and the receiving antenna 102 can be pointed at high-orbit satellites or low-orbit satellites and communicate with them.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the transmitting antenna 101 includes a beamforming chip, an FPGA, and a power supply interface.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the receiving antenna 102 includes a beamforming chip, an FPGA, and a power supply interface.

[0049] A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit based on programmable logic units. Its internal logic can be programmed using a hardware description language to implement customized digital circuit functions.

[0050] The radio frequency (RF) layer is used for signal transmission and reception and frequency conversion. The transmitting antenna 101 and the receiving antenna 102 can be flexibly adjusted in angle to point towards high-orbit or low-orbit satellites according to communication requirements. The antennas can be adapted to the beam direction of high-orbit or low-orbit satellites without replacement, and can both receive RF signals from satellites and transmit RF signals adapted to high-orbit or low-orbit satellites.

[0051] The frequency converter module 103 includes a low-noise amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filter for signal denoising and power amplification to improve signal transmission quality and distance.

[0052] The baseband and control layer includes a low-orbit baseband 104, a high-orbit baseband 105, and a main control module 106. The low-orbit baseband 104 is connected to the frequency converter module 103 and the main control module 106, respectively. The high-orbit baseband 105 is connected to the frequency converter module 103 and the main control module 106, respectively. The main control module 106 is connected to the frequency converter module 103.

[0053] The LEO baseband 104 is used to process baseband signals related to LEO satellites, and is responsible for processing LEO satellite communication protocols, performing LEO signal-specific functions such as fast synchronization, inter-satellite handover signaling processing, and low-latency encoding and decoding.

[0054] The low-orbit baseband 104 also has the function of autonomously monitoring signal strength and sending the signal strength to the main control module 106.

[0055] The high-orbit baseband 105 is used to process baseband signals related to high-orbit satellites, and performs modulation, demodulation, encoding, decoding, frame synchronization and other functions unique to high-orbit signals. It is compatible with the communication protocols of high-orbit satellites.

[0056] In existing technologies, the baseband unit operates two standard communication protocols: high-orbit satellite communication and low-orbit narrowband satellite internet communication. Processing these protocols within a single unit can easily lead to signal interference. In contrast, this application sets up the high-orbit baseband 105 and the low-orbit baseband 104 independently, each processing its own received baseband signals and control signals, thus avoiding mutual interference and further improving operational stability.

[0057] The frequency conversion module 103 is used to receive the baseband signals output from the low-orbit baseband 104 and the high-orbit baseband 105, convert them into radio frequency signals suitable for the transmitting antenna 101, and at the same time, convert the satellite radio frequency signals captured by the receiving antenna 102 into baseband signals.

[0058] The main control module 106 coordinates the working status of the low-orbit baseband 104 and the high-orbit baseband 105, such as activation, sleep, and signal priority allocation; on the other hand, it communicates directly with the frequency conversion module 103 to control its frequency conversion parameters to ensure frequency matching between the radio frequency signal and the baseband signal.

[0059] When the communication terminal receives data, the receiving antenna 102 receives radio frequency (RF) signals from high-orbit and low-orbit satellites and transmits them to the frequency conversion module 103. In the frequency conversion module 103, the RF signals are converted into baseband signals and sent to the high-orbit baseband 105, low-orbit baseband 104, and main control module 106. When the communication terminal transmits data, both the high-orbit baseband 105 and low-orbit baseband 104 can send baseband signals to the frequency conversion module 103. The frequency conversion module 103 performs the conversion between RF and baseband signals, and then transmits the converted RF signals to the corresponding high-orbit or low-orbit satellites via the transmitting antenna 101. This integrates high-orbit and low-orbit satellite communication into a single communication terminal, sharing a single RF layer, simplifying the terminal's structure and making the communication link structure simpler and more versatile. The communication terminal can communicate with both high-orbit and low-orbit satellites, improving communication efficiency and offering strong compatibility.

[0060] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 6 As shown, the frequency converter module 103 includes: a switching switch 1032 and an up-converter 1031.

[0061] The switch 1032 includes a control terminal, two selection input terminals and one output terminal. The control terminal is connected to the main control module 106, one selection input terminal is connected to the high-rail baseband 105, and the other selection input terminal is connected to the low-rail baseband 104.

[0062] The main control module 106 sends a control signal to the switch 1032. The control terminal of the switch 1032 is driven by the control signal. When the main control module 106 determines that it needs to communicate with a high-orbit satellite, the switch 1032 establishes a path to conduct the high-orbit baseband 105. When the main control module 106 determines that it needs to communicate with a low-orbit satellite, the switch 1032 establishes a path to conduct the low-orbit baseband 104.

[0063] Because high-orbit and low-orbit satellites use different communication frequency bands, the corresponding baseband signals need to be converted into radio frequency signals of different frequency bands. If two independent up-conversion circuits are used as in the existing technology, it will increase the hardware size and cost. Therefore, this application sets up a switching switch 1032 to select different baseband signal inputs, which not only solves the problem of dual communication frequency band conflict, but also simplifies the circuit structure.

[0064] The up-converter 1031 is connected to the output terminal of the switching switch 1032 and the transmitting antenna 101.

[0065] After the selector switch 1032 completes the selection, the baseband signal is sent to the upconverter 1031 through the output of the selector switch 1032. The upconverter 1031 upconverts the frequency of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band, and finally transmits it to the satellite through the transmitting antenna 101, completing the frequency adaptation of the transmitted signal and reducing the possibility of signal termination during communication link switching.

[0066] Specifically, the upconverter 1031 pushes the intermediate frequency signal (950~2400MHz) of the high-orbit baseband 105 and the intermediate frequency signal (4GHz±62MHz) of the low-orbit baseband 104 to the Ku band (13.75GHz~14.5GHz) satellite radio frequency signal.

[0067] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 6 As shown, the frequency converter module 103 also includes a down-converter 1033 and a power divider network component 1034. The input terminal of the down-converter 1033 is connected to the receiving antenna 102, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power divider network component 1034.

[0068] The receiving antenna 102 captures radio frequency signals transmitted by high-orbit or low-orbit satellites, which have different radio frequency bands. After inputting the signals to the downconverter 1033, the downconverter 1033 converts the radio frequency signals of different frequency bands into baseband signals in a unified manner, completing the frequency downshifting of the received signals, which facilitates the baseband and control layers to process the baseband signals.

[0069] Specifically, downconversion transforms the frequency of radio frequency signals in the Ku band (10.7GHz~12.75GHz) into high-orbit intermediate frequency signals of 950~2150MHz and low-orbit intermediate frequency signals of 2GHz±125MHz.

[0070] The output terminals of the power divider network component 1034 are connected to the high-orbit baseband 105, the low-orbit baseband 104 and the main control module 106, respectively.

[0071] The baseband signal output by the downconverter 1033 is input to the input terminal of the power divider network component 1034. This component distributes the baseband signal to three output terminals simultaneously through its internal signal distribution circuit, which are sent to the high rail baseband 105, the low rail baseband 104, and the main control module 106, respectively.

[0072] In existing technologies, the frequency conversion submodule includes a Ka-band conversion unit and a Ku-band conversion unit. The Ka-band conversion unit interacts with the high-orbit satellite baseband submodule, while the Ku-band conversion unit interacts with the low-orbit satellite baseband submodule. This scheme, which uses two frequency conversion units, requires multiple communication paths and additional hardware configuration. Compared to existing technologies, this application achieves parallel signal distribution and management through a power divider network component 1034, improving signal processing efficiency and simplifying the receiver-side circuit structure. This application achieves signal distribution across multiple modules using a single power divider network component 1034, eliminating the need for two frequency conversion units. Signal conversion can be achieved with just one frequency conversion module, optimizing hardware configuration, reducing hardware redundancy, and making the communication terminal smaller and more portable.

[0073] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 5 As shown, the main control module 106 also includes: Link switching relay 1062: Its switching terminals are connected to the low rail baseband 104 and the high rail baseband 105 respectively, and can be selectively connected to the low rail baseband 104 or the high rail baseband 105.

[0074] On-chip processor 1061: connects the input terminal of link switching relay 1062 and frequency converter module 103.

[0075] The on-chip processor 1061 is the computation and decision-making unit of the main control module 106. It can control the link switching relay 1062 to switch between high-rail and low-rail communication links based on the currently executed service type or link quality. For example, when executing low-latency services, it can switch to the low-rail communication link. When the communication quality of the high-rail communication link is poor, it switches to the low-rail communication link. Switching is avoided due to signal interference by switching the physical contacts of the relays. Furthermore, the centralized control of the on-chip processor 1061 enables coordination between link switching and parameter configuration, reducing the communication error rate during link switching.

[0076] Furthermore, the relay can be combined with diodes and current-limiting resistors to form a switching drive circuit, ensuring the rapid and crisp action of the relay contacts, extending the mechanical life of the relay, and improving the long-term reliability of the communication terminal in frequent switching scenarios.

[0077] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 5 As shown, the main control module 106 also includes: On-chip processor 1061: connects to frequency converter module 103, high-rail baseband 105 and low-rail baseband 104.

[0078] Carrier receiver 1064: The input terminal of carrier receiver 1064 is connected to frequency conversion module 103, and the output terminal of carrier receiver 1064 is on-chip processor 1061.

[0079] The input terminal of the carrier receiver 1064 is connected to the frequency converter module 103, which receives the baseband signal or the coupled signal of the radio frequency signal output by the downconverter 1033, and captures carrier-related information in the signal, such as carrier frequency, phase and amplitude information. At the same time, it can also track the frequency offset and phase jitter of the carrier in real time, such as Doppler frequency offset caused by satellite motion and phase distortion caused by channel noise.

[0080] The carrier receiver 1064 outputs the captured carrier-related information to the on-chip processor 1061. The on-chip processor 1061 combines this information to output correction commands to the frequency converter module 103, such as adjusting the local oscillator frequency of the downconverter 1033 and compensating for Doppler frequency offset. Simultaneously, it outputs phase correction commands to the high-orbit baseband 105 or low-orbit baseband 104, such as adjusting the demodulation parameters of the baseband signal and correcting phase distortion, ensuring carrier synchronization. Improved carrier synchronization accuracy enables the high-orbit baseband 105 and low-orbit baseband 104 to correctly demodulate the signal, reducing the bit error rate and enhancing the communication stability of the communication terminal in complex channel environments.

[0081] Furthermore, in both high-Earth orbit and low-Earth orbit communication links, the carrier receiver 1064 detects the satellite signal strength and feeds it back to the main control module 106. In the low-Earth orbit communication link, the low-Earth orbit baseband 104 also feeds back the signal strength to the main control module 106, and the two can be compared and verified.

[0082] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 6 As shown, the frequency converter module 103 also includes: The navigation information receiving component 1035 has its input end connected to the Global Positioning System and its output end connected to the main control module 106.

[0083] The input of the navigation information receiving component 1035 is connected to the Global Positioning System (GPS), receiving real-time location and time information of the communication terminal transmitted by satellites in the GPS system, such as the latitude, longitude, altitude, and timestamp of the communication terminal. After demodulation and decoding, accurate location and time information is extracted. The main control module 106 uses this information to calculate the azimuth and elevation angles of the target satellite, driving the transmitting antenna 101 and receiving antenna 102 to adjust their pointing to ensure that the antennas are always aligned with the satellite, thereby improving signal reception strength and signal accuracy.

[0084] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 6 As shown, the frequency converter module 103 also includes a timing unit 1036, which enables the downconverter 1033 to output a 25MHz frequency synchronization signal during the conversion of radio frequency signals and baseband signals, and provides it to the low-rail baseband 104. The low-rail baseband 104 thus solves the 2.5MHz Doppler frequency shift of the low-rail constellation.

[0085] In one embodiment of this application, as Figure 5 As shown, the main control module 106 includes a power management component 1063, and the communication terminal also includes a power interface 110. The power interface 110 connects to an external power supply and the input terminal of the power management component 1063. The output terminals of the power management component 1063 are respectively connected to the high-orbit baseband 105, the low-orbit baseband 104, the frequency converter module 103, the transmitting antenna 101, and the receiving antenna 102.

[0086] The power interface 110 of the communication terminal is directly connected to an external power source, such as a vehicle power supply, AC adapter, or battery, serving as the energy input port for the entire terminal. The power interface 110 can adopt an interface standard compatible with external power sources to ensure stable power input.

[0087] After receiving external power, the power management component 1063 processes the power through voltage regulation and filtering. Under the control of the on-chip processor 1061, it converts the external power supply voltage into the operating voltage required by each module. Subsequently, the processed and stabilized power is output through dedicated power supply lines to the high-rail baseband 105, low-rail baseband 104, frequency converter module 103, transmitting antenna 101, and receiving antenna 102, ensuring that each module receives an appropriate power supply. This achieves precise power supply adaptation for each module, ensuring stable operation within the communication terminal.

[0088] When overvoltage, overcurrent or short circuit occurs, the power management component 1063 immediately cuts off the power supply to the corresponding channel to protect the module from damage and improve terminal reliability.

[0089] Furthermore, the power management component 1063 can adjust the output current according to the working status of each module, realize dynamic power consumption distribution, reduce the energy consumption of modules in sleep mode, and improve the battery life of the communication terminal.

[0090] In one embodiment of this application, the communication terminal further includes: Peripheral interface 109: Connects the main control module 106 and external devices respectively.

[0091] The peripheral interface 109 includes, but is not limited to, USB, Ethernet, RS232, and CAN, ensuring compatibility between the communication terminal and external devices. Through the peripheral interface 109, the communication terminal can connect to external devices such as in-vehicle central control screens, vehicle infotainment systems, and routers, further expanding the scope of its application.

[0092] The peripheral interface 109 connects to the main control module 106, and utilizes the data analysis and instruction processing capabilities of the main control module 106 to achieve bidirectional data transmission, enabling external devices to maintain communication with other external devices through the communication terminal and expanding practical application scenarios.

[0093] For example, within a fleet, a WiFi network covering the entire fleet can be formed by connecting the vehicle's Ethernet and router via a communication terminal, enabling internal communication and management within the fleet.

[0094] For example, when the vehicle is in motion, the communication terminal connects to the in-vehicle central control screen, and through satellite communication, it can provide users with real-time feedback on vehicle location information and traffic congestion on the road where the vehicle is currently located.

[0095] In one embodiment of this application, the communication terminal further includes: Status indicator 108 is connected to main control module 106.

[0096] The status indicator 108 is used to display the current network status of the communication terminal. The main control module 106 sends the current network status of the communication terminal to the status indicator 108 in the form of a control signal. After receiving the control signal, the status indicator 108 adjusts the display content according to the control signal to show the current network status of the communication terminal. With the help of the status indicator 108, users can intuitively see the network status of the communication terminal, optimizing the user experience and facilitating later maintenance.

[0097] The status indicator 108 can be configured as an indicator light. For example, when the current network status of the communication terminal is "online," the indicator light illuminates green. When the current network status of the communication terminal is "offline," the indicator light illuminates red. When the current network status of the communication terminal is "error," the indicator light illuminates yellow.

[0098] The status indicator 108 can also be configured as a display screen. For example, when the current network status of the communication terminal is "Network In," the display screen shows "Network In." When the current network status of the communication terminal is "Disconnected," the display screen shows "Interrupted." When the current network status of the communication terminal is "Error," the display screen shows "Error."

[0099] The color of the indicator light corresponding to the network status of the communication terminal can be manually adjusted as needed, and the text displayed on the screen can also be modified as required.

[0100] In one embodiment of this application, the main control module 106 is provided with various types of interfaces, including an Ethernet interface, a baseband signal interface, a power output interface, and a control signal interface.

[0101] For example, the main control module 106 connects to the high-rail baseband 105 and the low-rail baseband 104 via an Ethernet interface and a compatible Ethernet cable.

[0102] The main control module 106 is connected to the frequency converter module 103 via the baseband signal interface and a cable adapted to the baseband signal interface.

[0103] The main control module 106 is connected to the high-rail baseband 105, low-rail baseband 104, frequency converter 103, transmitting antenna 101, receiving antenna 102, status indicator 108 and peripheral interface 109 via the control signal interface and the cable adapted to the signal interface.

[0104] The power management component 1063 in the main control module 106 distributes the stabilized power to the high-rail baseband 105, low-rail baseband 104, frequency converter 103, transmitting antenna 101 and receiving antenna 102 via the power output interface and the cable adapted to the power output interface.

[0105] Furthermore, an interface management module can be set in the main control module 106 to uniformly manage the on / off status of various types of interfaces of the main control module 106.

[0106] During communication, the high-rail and low-rail baseband 104 transmit baseband signals to the main control module 106, while the main control module 106 transmits control commands and frequency parameter signals to the frequency converter module 103. Since the transmitted signals are of different types, using a single type of interface and cable would fail to meet the transmission requirements of some modules. Therefore, appropriate interface types are allocated according to the transmission requirements of each module, and cables matching the interface types are used to reduce signal attenuation and interference during transmission, ensuring the accuracy and real-time performance of data transmission.

[0107] The main control module 106 can be connected to the temperature-controlled fan 107 via the fan interface. By sending control signals to the temperature-controlled fan 107, the speed of the fan is controlled to complete the cooling operation of the heat-generating device.

[0108] This application provides a vehicle.

[0109] For example, the vehicle may include a communication terminal, which is located on the vehicle's center console and connected to the vehicle's onboard power supply. During vehicle operation, the main control module 106 of the communication terminal automatically switches between high-orbit and low-orbit communication links based on the vehicle's location, speed, and satellite signal strength to ensure uninterrupted communication. For instance, if the low-orbit satellite signal is strong on urban roads, the low-orbit link is prioritized; if the low-orbit signal is weak in remote areas, the connection is switched to a high-orbit link.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules, units, and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0111] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication terminal, characterized in that, It includes: Transmitting antenna and receiving antenna: Both the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna can be pointed at high-orbit satellites or low-orbit satellites and communicate with high-orbit satellites or low-orbit satellites; Frequency conversion module: connected to the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna respectively; Main control module: connected to the frequency converter module; Low-rail baseband: connected to the frequency converter module and the main control module respectively; High-speed baseband: Connects to the frequency converter module and the main control module respectively.

2. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency conversion module includes: The switching switch includes a control terminal, an output terminal, and two selection input terminals. The control terminal is connected to the main control module, one selection input terminal is connected to the high-orbit baseband, and the other selection input terminal is connected to the low-orbit baseband. Up-converter: connected to the output terminal of the switching switch and the transmitting antenna respectively.

3. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency conversion module further includes: a down-converter and a power divider network component; wherein... The input terminal of the downconverter is connected to the receiving antenna, and the output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power divider network component. The output terminals of the power divider network component are respectively connected to the high-orbit baseband, the low-orbit baseband, and the main control module.

4. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module also includes: Link switching relay: Its switching terminals are respectively connected to the low-orbit baseband and the high-orbit baseband; On-chip processor: connects the input terminal of the link switching relay and the frequency conversion module.

5. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module also includes: On-chip processor: connects the frequency conversion module, the high-rail baseband and the low-rail baseband; Carrier receiver: The input terminal of the carrier receiver is connected to the frequency conversion module, and the output terminal of the carrier receiver is the on-chip processor.

6. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency conversion module also includes: A navigation information receiving component, wherein the input end of the navigation information receiving component is connected to the Global Positioning System, and the output end of the navigation information receiving component is connected to the main control module.

7. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module includes a power management component, and the communication terminal also includes a power interface; the power interface is connected to an external power source and the input terminal of the power management component; the output terminal of the power management component is connected to the high-orbit baseband, the low-orbit baseband, the frequency conversion module, the transmitting antenna, and the receiving antenna, respectively.

8. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication terminal also includes: Peripheral interfaces: connect the main control module and external devices respectively.

9. The communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication terminal also includes: Status indicator: Connected to the main control module.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the communication terminal described in any one of claims 1-9.

Images