Intelligent mold potato seeding device

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of potato seeding device of intelligent mould, including breaking soil module, pressing soil module, seeding module, gather soil module, intelligent mould, storage box, intelligent monitoring module, trolley and frame;Trolley is fixedly installed with frame, frame includes frame main body and auxiliary frame, auxiliary frame is fixedly installed in frame main body front end, auxiliary frame includes support I and support II, support I top and support II rotatably connected, support II is made of horizontal frame body and inclined frame body;Breaking soil module and pressing soil module are installed on auxiliary frame, pressing soil module is fixedly installed in support I bottom end;Storage box is fixedly installed in frame main body interior, and storage box bottom end is fixedly connected with seeding module;Gather soil module is fixedly installed in frame main body tail portion;Intelligent mould is placed in storage box;Intelligent mould is signal connected with intelligent monitoring module.The utility model improves the continuity and overall efficiency of sowing operation, meets the operation demand of large-scale potato planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to an intelligent mold-based potato planting device. Background Technology

[0002] Potato planting machinery and technology have evolved from single-machine operation to collaborative operation and intelligent monitoring. Currently, it is in the stage of popularization and domestic substitution of "high speed, precision, and multi-functionality," with shortcomings mainly concentrated in planting monitoring and adaptation to complex agronomic processes. Accelerated since the 1980s, domestic collaborations between multiple enterprises and research institutes have emerged. Representative companies such as Zhongji Mino have developed their machines from the 2CM-2 to the 2CM-4 and further to the 2CM-4B, integrating multiple processes such as ditching, fertilization, sowing, soil covering / ridge making, mulching, and spraying. Furthermore, the focus has shifted from segmented operations to an integrated system of "plowing-ridge making-fertilizing-drip irrigation / mulching-sowing / transplanting-pressing," with a typical example being the sweet potato transplanter integrating seven functions, significantly improving operational efficiency and consistency. Currently, technologies such as seed metering accuracy monitoring and compensation, single-unit contouring, chain harrow and net contouring fertilization, and boot-type ditching are becoming mainstream, aiming to reduce missed or double planting, ensure uniform seedling emergence, and maintain a stable topsoil layer. Seeding and monitoring utilize mechanical methods such as chain-spoon and finger-clamp seeding to ensure maturity; contact or laser-guided sensors and stepper motors compensate for seeding to reduce missed or repeated planting. A chain rake net improves clogging and clearance, supports deep application on both sides, and reduces the risk of mixed seed and fertilizer application and seed burn; a boot-type furrow opener reduces resistance and stabilizes seed potato landing points, ensuring consistent plant spacing.

[0003] Defects and shortcomings of existing technology: 1. Current technology is not applicable when planting certain tuber varieties with special requirements. For example, when planting taro, the orientation of the taro seeds is required. If the orientation is incorrect, the taro will not grow properly. Another example is yam. The growth characteristics of yam mean that it grows towards the center of the earth. When planting, it is necessary to make it slope with the soil. From the above two examples, it can be seen that the current mechanical planting of tubers has limitations and cannot meet the planting process requirements of most tuber varieties. 2. Currently, most of the machinery used for sowing involves manual labor in conjunction with the machinery, which means that the sowing process has not been completely free from human intervention. This human involvement leads to a decrease in sowing efficiency.

[0004] 3. The components used in the existing technology are all custom-made, which is costly and has a complex structure.

[0005] 4. Existing technologies cannot monitor the growth environment of potatoes in real time or make timely adjustments, making it difficult to ensure good crop development. Utility Model Content

[0006] The main purpose of this invention is to solve the limitations of mechanical planting of potatoes and the problem of reduced planting efficiency in the existing technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A smart mold-based potato planting device includes a soil-breaking module, a soil-pressing module, a planting module, a soil-gathering module, a smart mold, a storage box, a smart monitoring module, a trolley, and a frame; The trolley is fixedly mounted with a frame, which includes a main frame and an auxiliary frame. The auxiliary frame is fixedly mounted at the front end of the main frame and includes a bracket I and a bracket II. The top of bracket I is rotatably connected to bracket II. Bracket II is composed of a horizontal frame and an inclined frame, and bracket II can rotate freely in a fan shape relative to bracket I. The auxiliary frame is equipped with a soil-breaking module and a soil-pressurizing module; The storage box is fixedly installed inside the main body of the vehicle frame, and the bottom of the storage box is fixedly connected to the seeding module, which is located at the bottom of the main body of the vehicle frame. The soil-collecting module is fixedly installed at the rear of the vehicle frame; The intelligent mold is placed in a storage box; the intelligent mold is connected to the intelligent monitoring module, which is used to receive the monitoring data collected by the intelligent mold.

[0008] Furthermore, the soil-breaking module includes an electric push rod, a transmission device, a motor, and a soil-breaking device; One end of the electric push rod is fixedly installed on one end of bracket I, and the other end is fixedly connected to bracket II. The electric push rod can extend and retract in the up and down direction to drive bracket II to rotate relative to bracket I. A motor is fixedly connected to the inside of the inclined frame of support II. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the transmission device, and the transmission device is slidably connected to the soil breaker. Furthermore, the soil breaker has a spiral cutting structure with serrated edges, and the diameter of the soil breaker can be selected according to planting needs.

[0009] Furthermore, the soil compaction module includes a soil compactor motor, a connecting shaft, a soil compactor, and a connecting rod; A pair of support seats are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of bracket I. One support seat has a soil compactor motor fixedly installed at one end. The output shaft of the soil compactor motor passes through the support seat and is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft. The other end of the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the other support seat. The top of the connecting rod is fixedly installed on the connecting shaft, and the connecting rod is located between a pair of support seats; The soil compactor is hollow in the middle and is truncated cone-shaped, and it is fitted onto the crossbar at the bottom of the connecting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the main body of the storage box is a cuboid structure with an opening at the top and a funnel-shaped bottom. An outlet is provided along the length direction at the middle of the bottom of the storage box. The seeding module includes seeding pipes, molds, distributors, and distributor motors; The top of the seeding pipe is fixedly connected to the outlet at the bottom of the storage box. The seeding pipe has an opening near its outlet and is curved. A pair of symmetrically arranged support seats are fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame body. The two ends of the distributor are rotatably connected to the pair of support seats respectively. The distributor is adapted to the opening of the seeding pipe, and part of the distributor is located inside the opening of the seeding pipe. A splitter motor is fixedly mounted on one of the support bases, and the output shaft of the splitter motor passes through the support base and is fixedly connected to one end of the splitter.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil-collecting module includes a screw conveyor, a screw conveyor motor, and bevel gears; The frame body has three vertically downward and evenly distributed fixed frames on the support at the rear. The middle fixed frame is fixedly installed with a screw conveyor motor, and the two side fixed frames are rotatably connected to one end of the two screw conveyors, and the two screw conveyors are connected by bearings. Both spiral conveyor rods have vertically arranged bevel gears at their ends that are close to each other. The output end of the spiral conveyor rod motor is fixedly connected to the horizontally arranged bevel gears, and the bevel gears on both spiral conveyor rods mesh with the horizontally arranged bevel gears.

[0012] Furthermore, the intelligent mold includes pressure sensors, soil moisture sensors, and intelligent monitoring boxes; The intelligent mold has two grooves at the bottom inside, and the pressure sensor and soil moisture sensor are fixed in the two grooves respectively. The intelligent monitoring box is connected to both the pressure sensor and the soil moisture sensor, and is used to acquire and temporarily store the monitoring data collected by the pressure sensor and the soil moisture sensor in real time. The intelligent monitoring box has a built-in microcontroller, wireless communication module, and storage chip. The microcontroller is used to process sensor data, the wireless communication module is used to transmit data to the intelligent monitoring module, and the storage chip is used to cache data locally.

[0013] The intelligent mold selects the appropriate size based on the potato variety.

[0014] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is an FSR402 resistive thin-film pressure sensor with an operating voltage range of 0-5V; The soil moisture sensor is a capacitive soil moisture sensor with an operating voltage of 3.3-5.5V.

[0015] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring module includes a local control panel and a cloud management platform; The local control panel includes a display module, which is an OLED12864 display and is connected to the microcontroller via an IIC bus. The cloud management platform supports data visualization, intelligent early warning, mold adaptation management, and data archiving functions. Furthermore, the microcontroller is an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, and the wireless communication module is an ESP8266-01S module. The ESP8266-01 module is connected to the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller via a UART serial port.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: 1. Addressing the limitations of existing mechanical seeding techniques for potatoes, which fail to meet the planting requirements of most potato varieties, this application addresses this issue by incorporating an intelligent mold adapted to different potato varieties, coupled with a curved seeding pipe and a distributor that controls the mold's discharge speed. This achieves adaptation for potatoes with specific planting requirements. The intelligent mold can be selected according to the potato variety to ensure that the seeding posture conforms to its growth characteristics. The curved seeding pipe adjusts the mold's descent, and the distributor controls the mold's discharge speed, ensuring that the potato seeds fall into the soil in a manner that meets growth requirements. This effectively solves the problem of planting posture requirements for special potato varieties, meets the planting process needs of various potato varieties, and expands the applicability of mechanical seeding.

[0017] 2. To address the issue of reduced sowing efficiency due to the need for manual operation in current machinery, this application integrates functions such as soil breaking, soil compaction, sowing, and soil gathering in a modular fashion, and utilizes a trolley to move the entire device, thus constructing a fully automated operation system. The soil breaking module uses an electric push rod and motor to break the soil; the soil compaction module, driven by a motor, compacts and gathers the soil; the sowing module automatically controls the molds for sowing using a distributor; and the soil gathering module uses a motor and bevel gear transmission to gather the soil. All modules work collaboratively without manual intervention. Simultaneously, an intelligent monitoring module monitors and manages the sowing process in real time, reducing manual intervention and significantly improving the automation level of the sowing operation. This effectively solves the efficiency problem caused by manual intervention and improves overall sowing efficiency.

[0018] 3. To address the issues of customized components, high costs, and complex structures in existing technologies, this application adopts a universal and simplified structure and conventional components in the design of each module. The soil breaking module uses a spiral cutting structure soil breaker, the soil compaction module uses a frustum-shaped hollow soil compactor, the seeding module uses conventional seeding pipes and distributors, and the soil gathering module is driven by a spiral conveying rod and bevel gears. Furthermore, the motors, sensors, and other components in each module are all standard models, eliminating the need for customized special parts. This design simplifies the overall structure of the device, reduces the customization cost and procurement difficulty of components, and also facilitates subsequent maintenance and replacement. It solves the problems of high costs and structural complexity caused by customized components, improving the economy and practicality of the device.

[0019] 4. Addressing the problem in existing technologies that lack monitoring of soil parameters and potato growth status after sowing, making it difficult to ensure proper crop development, this application achieves real-time monitoring of soil and crop growth status by installing pressure sensors and soil moisture sensors within the intelligent mold, combined with an intelligent monitoring module. The sensors collect data such as soil pressure and moisture, which is processed by the intelligent monitoring box and transmitted to the intelligent monitoring module. The local control panel displays the data in real time and marks the normal range, while the cloud management platform performs data visualization analysis, intelligent early warning, and mold adaptation management. Farmers can adjust planting measures promptly based on the monitoring data, further improving the continuity and overall efficiency of sowing operations and meeting the operational needs of large-scale potato cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-breaking module structure of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the soil pressing module structure of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planting module structure of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the storage box module structure of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-collecting module structure of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the planting mold state of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent mold for the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent mold planting method for potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 11 These are schematic diagrams of different molds for the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor in the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent monitoring box of the potato planting device of this utility model; Figure 14 This is the circuit diagram of the pressure sensor of this utility model; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the soil moisture sensor of this utility model; Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the soil-collecting module of the potato planting device of this utility model; Attached reference numerals: 100-Soil breaking module, 200-Soil pressing module, 300-Sowing module, 400-Soil gathering module, 500-Intelligent mold, 600-Storage box, 700-Intelligent detection module, 800-Trolley, 900-Frame, 110-Electric push rod, 120-Drive shaft, 130-Soil breaking device, 210-Soil pressing device motor, 220-Connecting shaft, 230-Soil pressing device, 240-Connecting rod, 310-Sowing pipe, 320-Diverter, 330-Diverter motor, 410-Screw conveyor rod, 420-Screw conveyor rod motor, 430-Bevel gear, 510-Pressure sensor, 520-Soil moisture sensor, 530-Intelligent monitoring box. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To further understand the invention content, features and effects of this utility model, the following embodiments are provided, and detailed descriptions are given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] The structure of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 A smart mold potato planting device includes: a soil breaking module 100, a soil pressing module 200, a planting module 300, a soil gathering module 400, a smart mold 500, a storage box 600, a smart monitoring module 700, a trolley 800, and a frame 900.

[0024] A frame 900 is mounted on the trolley 800, which drives the entire device's forward and backward movement. The frame 900 includes a main frame 910 and an auxiliary frame 920. The main frame 910 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped used to mount the intelligent mold. The auxiliary frame 920 is mounted at the front end of the main frame 910. The auxiliary frame 920 is a hollow structure and includes a support I930 and a hollow support II940. The support II940 is rotatably connected to the top of the support I930 near the main frame 910, and the support II940 consists of a horizontal frame and an inclined frame. Both the horizontal and inclined frames are formed by multiple interconnected support rods. The support II940 can rotate freely in a fan shape relative to the support I930. The support I930 is U-shaped and used to house the soil compaction module 200.

[0025] The auxiliary frame 920 is equipped with a soil breaking module 100 and a soil compaction module 200, with the soil breaking module 100 located at the front end of the soil compaction module 200, and the soil compaction module 200 installed at the bottom end of the bracket I930 of the auxiliary frame 920.

[0026] The storage box 600 is installed inside the chassis body 910, and the intelligent mold 500 is placed inside the storage box 600. A seeding module 300 is installed at the bottom of the storage box 600, and the seeding module 300 is located at the bottom of the chassis body 910. The soil-collecting module 400 is installed at the rear of the chassis body 910. The intelligent mold 500 is connected to the intelligent detection module 700 to monitor data in real time.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 2 The soil-breaking module 100 includes an electric push rod 110, a transmission device 120, a motor, and a soil-breaking device 130. One end of the electric push rod 110 is fixedly mounted on one end of a bracket I930, and the other end is mounted on a bracket II940. The electric push rod 110 extends and retracts, thereby causing the bracket II940 to rotate relative to the bracket I930. A motor is fixedly connected to the inclined inner side of the bracket II940. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the transmission device 120, and the transmission device 120 is slidably connected to the soil-breaking device 130. When the motor starts, the motor power is transmitted to the transmission shaft 120, which in turn transmits power to the soil-breaking device 130 to rotate, thereby rapidly breaking the soil.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 3 The soil compaction module 200 includes a soil compactor motor 210, a connecting shaft 220, a soil compactor 230, and a connecting rod 240. A pair of support seats are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the bracket 1930. The soil compactor motor 210 is fixedly mounted at one end of one support seat, and the output shaft of the soil compactor motor 210 passes through the support seat and connects to one end of the connecting shaft 220. The other end of the connecting shaft 220 is rotatably connected to the other support seat. The top end of the connecting rod 240 is fixedly mounted on the connecting shaft 220 and is located between the pair of support seats. The soil compactor 230 is sleeved on the crossbar at the bottom end of the connecting rod 240.

[0029] The soil compactor 230 has a hollow center to reduce the weight on the front of the trolley and also to reduce the power consumption of the motor. The soil compactor 230 is shaped like a frustum.

[0030] The soil compactor motor 210 is responsible for driving the soil compactor 230 to retract back into the trolley. The soil compactor motor 210 starts when the trolley starts. After starting, the soil compactor motor 210 drives the connecting shaft 220 to rotate, which in turn drives the connecting rod 240 to rotate. The connecting rod 240 then drives the soil compactor 230 to rotate, either releasing the soil compactor 230 into or retracting it into the groove of the support I930. When compaction begins, the soil compactor 230 is lowered. As the soil breaker 130 rotates, it breaks up the soil, and the soil compactor 230 compresses and shapes the broken soil. When not in use, the soil compactor 230 retracts into the groove of the support I930.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5The seeding module 300 includes a seeding pipe 310, a distributor 320, and a distributor motor 330.

[0032] The main body of the storage box 600 is a cuboid structure. The top of the storage box 600 is open, and the bottom of the storage box 600 is funnel-shaped. An outlet is provided along the length direction at the middle position of the bottom of the storage box 600.

[0033] The top of the sowing pipe 310 is connected to the bottom outlet of the storage box 600. An opening, U-shaped, is provided on the sowing pipe 310 near its outlet. A pair of symmetrically arranged support seats are installed at the bottom of the frame body 910. The two ends of the diverter 320 are rotatably connected to the pair of support seats, and the diverter 320 is adapted to the opening of the sowing pipe 310, with a portion of the diverter 320 located inside the opening. A diverter motor 330 is fixedly installed on one support seat, and the output shaft of the diverter motor 330 passes through the support seat and connects to one end of the diverter 320. During operation, the intelligent mold 500 falls into the sowing pipe 310 through the outlet of the storage box 600.

[0034] The distributor motor 330 is mainly responsible for providing kinetic energy to the distributor 330, enabling the distributor 330 to rotate at a certain speed, so that the intelligent mold 500 is discharged from the sowing pipe 320 at a certain speed. If the distributor 320 is not added, the mold 320 will be discharged from the sowing pipe 310 before the trolley starts. The distributor 320 baffle blocks the falling time of the intelligent mold 500 and the spacing of the intelligent mold 500 in the soil to ensure that each crop receives sufficient nutrients, thereby improving the quality of the crops.

[0035] The sowing pipe 310 is designed in a curved shape, firstly to allow space for the distributor 340 to be placed, and secondly to reduce the falling speed of the yam pipe. By increasing the distance it travels to the ground, its potential energy is reduced, thus protecting the yam tubers in the yam pipe.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 6-8 and Figure 16 The soil-collecting module 400 includes a screw conveyor 410, a screw conveyor motor 420, and a bevel gear 430.

[0037] The rear support of the chassis body 910 has three vertically downward-facing, evenly distributed fixed frames, with a conveyor motor 420 fixed on the middle fixed frame. The two side fixed frames are rotatably connected to one end of two spiral conveyor rods 410, which are connected by bearings. The two spiral conveyor rods 410 and the two side fixed frames are on the same horizontal line, with the two spiral conveyor rods 410 positioned between the two side fixed frames. Each spiral conveyor rod 410 has a vertically positioned bevel gear 430 at its closest end. The output end of the spiral conveyor motor 420 is connected to a horizontally positioned bevel gear. The bevel gears of the two spiral conveyor rods 410 mesh with the horizontally positioned bevel gear. The spiral conveyor motor 420 drives the horizontally positioned bevel gear 430 to rotate, which in turn drives the vertically positioned bevel gear 430 to rotate in opposite directions, thus rotating the spiral conveyor rods and drawing the soil back towards the center, completing the soil-gathering process.

[0038] Please refer to Figures 9-13 The intelligent module 500 includes a pressure sensor 510, a soil moisture sensor 520, and an intelligent monitoring box 530. The intelligent monitoring box 530 is connected to the pressure sensor 510 and the soil moisture sensor 520 to acquire data monitored by these sensors in real time. The intelligent monitoring box 530 integrates a microcontroller, a wireless communication module, and a storage chip. The microcontroller processes the sensor data, the wireless communication module transmits the data to the intelligent monitoring module 700, and the storage chip locally caches the data.

[0039] The intelligent mold 500 has two grooves at its bottom, where a pressure sensor 510 and a soil moisture sensor 520 are fixed respectively. First, the sown land is divided into four areas, e.g., a, b, c, and d. Three intelligent molds 500 are placed in each area, with plantings at different depths (15cm, 30cm, and 45cm) at the same location. To test soil compaction and include a control group to avoid data distortion, the two sensors, under the data processing of a cloud management platform, analyze the growth of the tuber crops and soil conditions, determining whether irrigation is needed. Different sizes of intelligent molds are selected based on the type of tuber. For example, a long and thin mold is chosen for yams, while a short and wide mold is chosen for potatoes.

[0040] The intelligent monitoring module 700 includes a local control panel, a cloud management platform, and an intelligent monitoring system backend. The local control panel displays information in two sections: "Planting Status" and "Soil Environment." It shows the current pressure value, soil moisture content, and soil temperature in real time, and indicates normal value ranges (e.g., a red indicator when soil moisture content is below 15% to remind irrigation, and an alarm indicating soil compaction when pressure is above 80 kPa). It supports manually saving current data and one-click export of historical data (via USB drive), allowing farmers to quickly adjust planting parameters on-site (e.g., adjusting the robot's soil-collecting moisture level according to soil moisture conditions).

[0041] The cloud management platform is used for data visualization, intelligent early warning, and mold adaptation management.

[0042] Data visualization: Display historical data of single or multiple plots (such as changes in soil moisture content in the past 7 days and comparison of pressure in different planting areas) using line charts and bar charts, intuitively presenting crop growth trends and differences in soil environment.

[0043] Intelligent early warning: Set custom thresholds (such as triggering a low temperature warning when the soil temperature is below 10℃, or triggering a growth abnormality warning when the pressure does not increase for 3 consecutive days), and remind farmers via SMS or pop-up window through the APP.

[0044] Mold Adaptation Management: Record the mold model corresponding to different tuber types (yam, sweet potato, potato), associate the optimal monitoring parameters of the sensor under the mold (e.g., the pressure threshold is set to 60kPa when planting potatoes and 50kPa when planting yams), and automatically match the parameters when switching molds without the need for manual adjustment.

[0045] Data archiving: Automatically archives monitoring data by time (day / week / month), supports exporting to Excel spreadsheets, making it easy for farmers to analyze the planting effects of different seasons and plots, and optimize subsequent planting plans.

[0046] The system includes a local control panel, a cloud management platform, an intelligent mold, pressure sensors, soil moisture sensors, and a backend intelligent monitoring system. The intelligent mold contains both pressure and soil moisture sensors, which collect data and transmit it to the cloud management platform for storage and the intelligent monitoring system for analysis. Among them, the microcontroller selected is the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, which has abundant peripheral resources, such as ADC and GPIO, and can meet the needs of sensor data acquisition and processing.

[0047] Pressure sensor: The FSR402 resistive thin-film pressure sensor is used to measure changes in soil pressure. Its operating voltage range is typically 0-5V, and the resistance value varies from several thousand ohms to tens of thousands of ohms with pressure.

[0048] Soil moisture sensor: Capacitive soil moisture sensors, such as SunFounder's soil moisture module, can be used. The operating voltage is 3.3-5.5V. It measures soil moisture based on the principle of capacitive sensing, avoiding the problem of corrosion of resistive sensors.

[0049] Display module: Select a 0.96-inch OLED12864 display, which communicates with the microcontroller via the IIC bus and can display monitoring data in real time.

[0050] Wireless communication module: The ESP8266-01S module is used, which connects to the microcontroller via UART serial port to upload data to the server or mobile APP.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15 The FSR402 pressure sensor circuit requires a voltage divider circuit composed of the FSR402 and a fixed resistor. Connect VCC (5V) to one end of the FSR402, and the other end to both the microcontroller's ADC input pin and one end of a 10kΩ fixed resistor R1. The other end of R1 is connected to GND. When the FSR402 is subjected to pressure, its resistance changes, causing a change in the voltage at the ADC input pin. The microcontroller reads the voltage value through the ADC module, thus determining the pressure change.

[0052] Soil moisture sensor circuit: Taking a capacitive soil moisture sensor as an example, it contains a fixed-frequency oscillator composed of a 555 timer. The square wave signal generated is input to the sensor (equivalent to a capacitor) and forms a voltage divider circuit with a 200kΩ resistor. The higher the soil moisture, the larger the sensor capacitance, the smaller the reactance of the square wave signal, and the lower the voltage on the signal line. The microcontroller reads this voltage value through the ADC to obtain the soil moisture information.

[0053] The minimum system circuit for a microcontroller includes a crystal oscillator circuit and a reset circuit. The crystal oscillator circuit typically consists of two capacitors (e.g., 22pF) and an 8MHz or 16MHz crystal oscillator, providing the clock signal to the microcontroller. The reset circuit generally consists of a resistor (e.g., 10kΩ) and a capacitor (e.g., 10μF), implementing the microcontroller's reset function.

[0054] Display circuit: The OLED12864 display is connected to the microcontroller via the IIC bus. The IIC bus consists of two lines, SDA (data line) and SCL (clock line), which are connected to the GPIO pins of the microcontroller, such as PB6 and PB7, respectively.

[0055] Wireless communication circuit: The ESP8266-01S module is connected to the microcontroller via a UART serial port. Its TX pin is connected to the microcontroller's RX pin, and its RX pin is connected to the microcontroller's TX pin. It also needs to be connected to power and ground.

[0056] The working principle of this utility model: Before planting tubers, select the appropriate smart mold based on the type of tuber to be planted (such as yam or potato). Fill the smart mold with tuber seed pieces and nutrient substrate, then place the smart mold into the storage box in sequence. The smart mold will slide naturally down the funnel-shaped bottom of the storage box to the inlet of the planting pipe, where it will be temporarily blocked and stored by the arc-shaped baffle of the diverter, thus completing the seed filling. At the same time, set the operating parameters through the local control panel of the smart monitoring module, including the soil breaking depth, planting spacing, and soil parameter warning thresholds (such as soil moisture content and normal range of compaction). Pair the smart monitoring module with the wireless communication module of the smart mold to ensure smooth data transmission. The trolley also needs to be checked for its power system and walking mechanism to ensure stable and uniform movement during operation.

[0057] After the device is activated, the trolley begins to move along the planting area at a preset speed. Simultaneously, the electric push rod of the soil-breaking module starts, extending and retracting according to the set soil-breaking depth. This causes the auxiliary frame's support II to rotate downwards around support I, adjusting the contact angle between the soil breaker and the ground. Once the soil breaker reaches the preset working angle, the drive motor of the soil-breaking module starts, transmitting power to the soil breaker through a transmission device, driving the soil breaker to rotate. During rotation, the spiral cutting structure of the soil breaker cuts and breaks up the soil with its serrated blades, forming continuous and uniformly deep planting trenches on the ground as the trolley continues to move.

[0058] While the soil-breaking module completes its breaking operation, the soil-pressing module's compactor motor starts, driving the connecting shaft to rotate. The connecting shaft, in turn, drives the connecting rod to rotate, lowering the compactor that was originally stored in the groove of bracket I, so that the bottom surface of the compactor comes into contact with the broken soil. As the trolley continues to move, the soil generates friction against the compactor, driving it to rotate around the crossbar at the bottom of the connecting rod. The rotating frustum-shaped hollow compactor squeezes and shapes the broken soil, compacting the loose soil into a structurally stable planting soil layer, preventing the potato seed tubers from lodging after subsequent planting.

[0059] After the soil compaction is completed, the distributor motor of the sowing module starts at a preset frequency, driving the distributor to rotate. Each time the distributor rotates a certain angle, the arc-shaped baffle at its edge moves away from the opening of the sowing pipe. The intelligent mold temporarily stored inside the sowing pipe slides down the curved pipe under gravity. The curved pipe effectively slows down the falling speed of the mold, preventing damage to the seed tubers due to impact. Once one intelligent mold has slid down to the compacted planting soil layer, the distributor continues to rotate, and the next arc-shaped baffle moves to the opening of the sowing pipe, blocking subsequent intelligent molds from falling. This achieves quantitative sowing at preset intervals, ensuring sufficient growing space between potato seed tubers.

[0060] After the sowing operation is completed, the soil-gathering module at the rear of the vehicle frame begins to work. The motor of the spiral conveyor starts, driving the horizontally arranged bevel gear to rotate. Through the meshing transmission of the bevel gear, the spiral conveyor rods on both sides rotate in the opposite direction. As the vehicle moves forward, the counter-rotating double spiral conveyor rods gather the soil scattered on both sides of the planting furrow after sowing towards the center, so that the soil is evenly covered on top of the intelligent mold, forming a planting ridge that meets the growth requirements of potatoes.

[0061] After the intelligent mold is buried in the soil along with the seeds, its internal pressure sensors and soil moisture sensors begin to collect data such as soil compaction, moisture content, and temperature in real time. This data is processed by the microcontroller inside the intelligent monitoring box and transmitted to the intelligent monitoring module via wireless communication. The local control panel displays these soil parameters and sowing status (such as sowing spacing and operating speed) in real time, and marks the normal value range. If a parameter exceeds the threshold, the corresponding data text turns red as a warning. The cloud management platform stores and visualizes the data. When soil compaction or abnormal moisture content occurs, it automatically pushes warning information to the staff's terminal. Staff can then take timely measures such as irrigation and loosening the soil based on the monitoring data. Simultaneously, they can trace historical data through the cloud platform to optimize subsequent planting plans.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A smart mold-based potato planting device, characterized in that, It includes a soil breaking module, a soil pressing module, a seeding module, a soil gathering module, an intelligent mold, a storage box, an intelligent monitoring module, a trolley, and a frame; The trolley is fixedly mounted with a frame, which includes a main frame and an auxiliary frame. The auxiliary frame is fixedly mounted at the front end of the main frame and includes a bracket I and a bracket II. The top of bracket I is rotatably connected to bracket II. Bracket II is composed of a horizontal frame and an inclined frame, and bracket II can rotate freely in a fan shape relative to bracket I. The auxiliary frame is equipped with a soil-breaking module and a soil-pressurizing module; The storage box is fixedly installed inside the main body of the vehicle frame, and the bottom of the storage box is fixedly connected to the seeding module, which is located at the bottom of the main body of the vehicle frame. The soil-collecting module is fixedly installed at the rear of the vehicle frame; The intelligent mold is placed in a storage box; the intelligent mold is connected to the intelligent monitoring module, which is used to receive the monitoring data collected by the intelligent mold.

2. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil breaking module includes an electric push rod, a transmission device, a motor, and a soil breaking device; One end of the electric push rod is fixedly installed on one end of bracket I, and the other end is fixedly connected to bracket II. The electric push rod can extend and retract in the up and down direction to drive bracket II to rotate relative to bracket I. A motor is fixedly connected to the inside of the inclined frame of support II. The output shaft of the motor is connected to the transmission device, and the transmission device is slidably connected to the soil breaker.

3. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soil breaker has a spiral cutting structure with serrated cutting edges, and the diameter of the soil breaker can be selected according to the planting needs.

4. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil compaction module includes a soil compactor motor, a connecting shaft, a soil compactor, and a connecting rod; A pair of support seats are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of bracket I. One support seat has a soil compactor motor fixedly installed at one end. The output shaft of the soil compactor motor passes through the support seat and is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting shaft. The other end of the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the other support seat. The top of the connecting rod is fixedly installed on the connecting shaft, and the connecting rod is located between a pair of support seats; The soil compactor is hollow in the middle and is truncated cone-shaped, and it is fitted onto the crossbar at the bottom of the connecting rod.

5. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the storage box is a cuboid structure with an opening at the top and a funnel-shaped bottom. An outlet is located in the middle of the bottom of the storage box along the length direction. The seeding module includes seeding pipes, molds, distributors, and distributor motors; The top of the seeding pipe is fixedly connected to the outlet at the bottom of the storage box. The seeding pipe has an opening near its outlet and is curved. A pair of symmetrically arranged support seats are fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame body. The two ends of the distributor are rotatably connected to the pair of support seats respectively. The distributor is adapted to the opening of the seeding pipe, and part of the distributor is located inside the opening of the seeding pipe. A splitter motor is fixedly mounted on one of the support bases, and the output shaft of the splitter motor passes through the support base and is fixedly connected to one end of the splitter.

6. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil-collecting module includes a screw conveyor, a screw conveyor motor, and bevel gears; The frame body has three vertically downward and evenly distributed fixed frames on the support at the rear. The middle fixed frame is fixedly installed with a screw conveyor motor, and the two side fixed frames are rotatably connected to one end of the two screw conveyors, and the two screw conveyors are connected by bearings. Both spiral conveyor rods have vertically arranged bevel gears at their ends that are close to each other. The output end of the spiral conveyor rod motor is fixedly connected to the horizontally arranged bevel gears, and the bevel gears on both spiral conveyor rods mesh with the horizontally arranged bevel gears.

7. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent mold includes a pressure sensor, a soil moisture sensor, and an intelligent monitoring box; The intelligent mold has two grooves at the bottom inside, and the pressure sensor and soil moisture sensor are fixed in the two grooves respectively. The intelligent monitoring box is connected to both the pressure sensor and the soil moisture sensor, and is used to acquire and temporarily store the monitoring data collected by the pressure sensor and the soil moisture sensor in real time. The intelligent monitoring box has a built-in microcontroller, wireless communication module and storage chip. The microcontroller is used to process sensor data, the wireless communication module is used to transmit data to the intelligent monitoring module, and the storage chip is used to cache data locally. The intelligent mold selects the appropriate size based on the potato variety.

8. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pressure sensor is an FSR402 resistive thin-film pressure sensor with an operating voltage range of 0-5V. The soil moisture sensor is a capacitive soil moisture sensor with an operating voltage of 3.3-5.5V.

9. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring module includes a local control panel and a cloud management platform; The local control panel includes a display module, which is an OLED12864 display and is connected to the microcontroller via an IIC bus. The cloud management platform supports data visualization, intelligent early warning, mold adaptation management, and data archiving functions.

10. The intelligent mold potato planting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The microcontroller is an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, and the wireless communication module is an ESP8266-01S module. The ESP8266-01 module is connected to the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller via a UART serial port.

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