A seeding drive mechanism for a no-till planter

Abstract

A kind of seeding drive mechanism of no-tillage seeding and fertilizing device, including power transmission component, row spacing adjustment component and positioning installation component, row spacing adjustment component includes seed chamber shell, seed disc, seed cleaning device and seed guide tube;Seed disc is fixedly installed at the end of power input shaft, and its circumferential surface is uniformly provided with array of type holes;Seed chamber shell adopts split structure, including upper cover plate and lower bottom plate;Seed cleaning device is composed of brush assembly and elastic scraper, brush assembly is fixed to the side wall of seed chamber shell by support, and elastic scraper is pressed on the surface of seed disc by spring pre-tightening mechanism.Step motor is used in cooperation with planetary reducer, combined with torque sensor real-time monitoring, closed-loop power system is constructed, seed disc speed stepless regulation is realized, seeding accuracy reaches ±1 grain / hole, meets the requirement of precision agriculture, meanwhile, seed disc adopts combined type hole design and adjustable seed cleaning device, can be adapted to different size seeds such as corn and soybean, improves single-seed seeding qualified rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model is specifically a seeding drive mechanism for a no-till seeding and fertilization device. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional no-till planters typically use mechanical transmission or ordinary motor control for their drive mechanisms, resulting in low sowing accuracy and poor adaptability. With the development of precision agriculture, the requirements for the intelligence and controllability of sowing mechanisms are increasing. While some existing planters use PLC control, their power transmission accuracy is insufficient, their seed metering units have a simple structure, making it difficult to adapt to the agronomical requirements of different crop seeds, and they lack effective anti-clogging protection mechanisms. Furthermore, the coordinated control of sowing and fertilization has not yet been deeply integrated, affecting operational efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, this technical solution innovatively designs a seeding drive mechanism for a no-till seeding and fertilization device to address the aforementioned problems. Through precise coordination between a stepper motor and a planetary reducer, combined with real-time monitoring by a torque sensor, a closed-loop power transmission system is constructed. The seed metering unit adopts a combined aperture design and an adjustable seed cleaning device, enabling adaptive adjustment to different seed sizes. Modular installation units and anti-clogging protection devices further enhance the system's reliability and ease of maintenance. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above, this utility model provides a seeding drive mechanism for a no-till seeding and fertilization device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is as follows: A seeding drive mechanism for a no-till seeding and fertilization device is provided, including a power transmission component, a seed metering adjustment component, and a positioning and mounting component; the power transmission component is electrically connected to the output terminal of a microcontroller via a first relay; the seed metering adjustment component is mechanically coupled to the power transmission component via a transmission mechanism; the positioning and mounting component is modularly connected to the seeder frame; the power transmission component includes a stepper motor, a reducer, and a torque sensor; the stepper motor is coaxially connected to the input end of the reducer via a coupling; the output end of the reducer meshes with the power input shaft of the seed metering adjustment component via a spline; the torque sensor... The sensor is mounted on the output shaft of the reducer, and its signal output terminal is connected to the analog input terminal of the microcontroller. The seed metering adjustment component includes a seed metering disc, a seed chamber shell, a seed cleaning device, and a seed guide tube. The seed metering disc is fixedly mounted on the end of the power input shaft, and its circumferential surface is uniformly provided with an array of shaped holes. The seed chamber shell adopts a split structure, including an upper cover plate and a lower bottom plate, which are connected by bolts to form a sealed cavity. The seed cleaning device consists of a brush assembly and an elastic scraper. The brush assembly is fixed to the side wall of the seed chamber shell by a bracket, and the elastic scraper is pressed against the surface of the seed metering disc by a spring pre-tightening mechanism. The upper end of the seed guide tube is connected to the bottom outlet of the seed chamber shell by a flange, and the lower end extends to the rear of the furrow opener.

[0006] Preferably, the stepper motor of the power transmission component adopts a two-phase hybrid structure, and its drive circuit includes a microstepping adjustment module, which realizes stepless adjustment of the seeding disc speed by changing the pulse frequency; the reducer adopts a planetary gear structure, and its transmission ratio is matched with the maximum speed of the stepper motor.

[0007] Preferably, the hole array of the seed metering adjustment component adopts a combined design, including three specifications: large-capacity holes, standard holes, and small-capacity holes, with each specification of holes distributed at equal angles around the seed metering disc.

[0008] Preferably, the brush assembly of the seed cleaning device has an adjustable angle design and is connected to the seed chamber housing via a rotating shaft; the clamping force of the elastic scraper is precisely adjusted via a screw mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the positioning and mounting components include a base plate, a height adjustment rod, and a locking mechanism; the base plate is connected to the seeder frame by U-bolts, the height adjustment rod achieves vertical positioning of the seed chamber shell through threaded engagement, and the locking mechanism adopts a quick clamping device to achieve quick assembly and disassembly of the mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the perforated surface of the seed metering disc is specially treated to form a friction-reducing layer; the inner wall of the seed chamber shell is provided with a guide plate to optimize the seed flow path.

[0011] The seeding drive mechanism of this utility model adopts a stepper motor and a planetary reducer, combined with a torque sensor for real-time monitoring, to construct a closed-loop power system. This enables stepless adjustment of the seed metering disc speed and a seeding accuracy of ±1 seed / hole, meeting the requirements of precision agriculture. At the same time, the seed metering disc adopts a combined hole design and an adjustable seed cleaning device, which can be adapted to different sizes of seeds such as corn and soybeans, improving the single-seed seeding qualification rate. This solution solves the problems of low accuracy and poor adaptability of traditional seeders, and has significant advantages in terms of reliability, intelligence, and agronomic adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0014] In the diagram, 1. Seed metering disc; 2. Seed chamber shell; 3. Seed cleaning device; 4. Seed guide tube; 5. Brush assembly; 6. Elastic scraper; 7. Spring pre-tensioning mechanism; 8. Seed metering adjustment component; 9. Positioning and mounting component; 10. Power transmission component; 11. Stepper motor; 12. Microcontroller; 13. First relay; 14. Height adjustment rod; 15. Base plate; 16. Locking mechanism; 17. Reducer. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and some embodiments.

[0016] exist Figures 1-2The present invention provides a seeding drive mechanism for a no-till seeding and fertilization device, comprising a power transmission component 10, a seed metering adjustment component 8, and a positioning and mounting component 9. The power transmission component 10 is electrically connected to the output terminal of a microcontroller 12 via a first relay 13. The seed metering adjustment component 8 is mechanically coupled to the power transmission component 10 via a transmission mechanism. The positioning and mounting component 9 is modularly connected to the seeder frame. The power transmission component 10 includes a stepper motor 11, a reducer 17, and a torque sensor. The stepper motor 11 is coaxially connected to the input terminal of the reducer 17 via a coupling. The output terminal of the reducer 17 is engaged with the power input shaft of the seed metering adjustment component 8 via a spline. The torque sensor is mounted on the output shaft of the reducer 17, and its signal output terminal is connected to the analog input terminal of the microcontroller 12. In actual use, the microcontroller controls the start-up and operation of the stepper motor 11 via the relay. After the stepper motor 11 starts working, its output power is first processed by the reducer 17, which reduces the speed while increasing the torque to meet the needs of subsequent operation. The power processed by reducer 17 is effectively transmitted to the seeding shaft via a spline connection, which offers high precision and stability. During this process, the torque sensor monitors the load in real time and promptly feeds the data back to the microcontroller. Based on the received feedback, the microcontroller implements overload protection; for example, if the detected torque exceeds a set limit, the system automatically stops operating to prevent damage to the equipment due to overload.

[0017] In this embodiment, the seed metering adjustment component 8 includes a seed metering disc 1, a seed chamber housing 2, a seed cleaning device 3, and a seed guide tube 4. The seed metering disc 1 is fixedly installed at the end of the power input shaft, and its circumferential surface is uniformly provided with an array of shaped holes. The seed chamber housing 2 adopts a split structure, including an upper cover plate and a lower bottom plate, which are connected by bolts to form a sealed cavity. The seed cleaning device 3 consists of a brush assembly 5 and an elastic scraper 6. The brush assembly 5 is fixed to the side wall of the seed chamber housing 2 by a bracket, and the elastic scraper 6 is pressed against the surface of the seed metering disc 1 by a spring pre-tightening mechanism 7. The upper end of the seed guide tube 4 is connected to the bottom outlet of the seed chamber housing 2 by a flange, and the lower end extends to the rear of the furrow opener. In actual use, when the seeds fall into the shaped holes of the seed metering disc 1, the brush assembly 5 will be activated to remove the excess seeds, ensuring that only an appropriate amount of seeds are retained in each shaped hole. At the same time, the elastic scraper 6 begins to play its role, which can effectively ensure that only one seed is left in each shaped hole, thereby avoiding the problem of multiple seeds existing at the same time. Furthermore, the split-type seed chamber shell 2 design of the equipment has many advantages, the most significant of which is that it allows users to quickly clear any blockages that may occur within the seed chamber, greatly improving work efficiency. The seed guide tube 4 is fixed by a flange connection, which effectively prevents seed leakage during transport. Moreover, the seed guide tube 4 extends 20-30 mm behind the furrow opener; this design layout effectively avoids the need for backfilling, thus ensuring that the seed germination rate is not adversely affected.

[0018] In this embodiment, the stepper motor 11 of the power transmission component 10 adopts a two-phase hybrid structure, and its drive circuit includes a microstepping adjustment module, which achieves stepless adjustment of the speed of the seed metering disc 1 by changing the pulse frequency. The reducer 17 adopts a planetary gear structure, and its transmission ratio matches the maximum speed of the stepper motor 11. This two-phase hybrid stepper motor 11 has high-precision position control capability, and the microstepping adjustment module can further subdivide the minimum step angle of the motor, making the rotation of the seed metering disc 1 smoother and effectively reducing vibration and noise during operation. The planetary gear reducer 17, with its compact structure and high transmission efficiency, can stably transmit the power output by the stepper motor 11 to the seed metering disc 1, and the precise matching of the transmission ratio ensures that the seed metering disc 1 can still maintain a suitable working speed at the maximum speed of the stepper motor 11 to meet the needs of different sowing volumes. At the same time, the gears of the reducer 17 are made of high-strength alloy material and undergo precision machining and heat treatment processes, which significantly improves their wear resistance and service life, reducing the maintenance costs of the equipment during long-term operation.

[0019] In this embodiment, the orifice array of the seed metering adjustment component 8 adopts a combined design, including three specifications: large-capacity orifices, standard orifices, and small-capacity orifices. Each specification of orifice is distributed at an equal angle around the seed metering disc. The large-capacity orifices are suitable for crop seeds with larger particle sizes or higher seeding requirements, with a single-orifice volume 30% larger than the standard orifice. The standard orifices are designed for conventional crop seeds, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the seeding rate. The small-capacity orifices can meet the precise seeding needs of small-particle seeds or crops with low seeding rates, with a single-orifice volume only 50% of the standard orifice. This combined orifice array, through its partitioned arrangement on the seed metering disc 1, allows for quick switching of seeding rates by rotating the adjustment ring to align different orifice specifications with the seed metering channel without replacing the seed metering disc 1, greatly improving the device's adaptability to different crop seeding needs. Simultaneously, the inner wall of the orifices features a smooth curved surface transition design and undergoes precision polishing, effectively reducing seed residue and jamming within the orifices, further ensuring seed metering accuracy.

[0020] In this embodiment, the brush assembly 5 of the seed cleaning device 3 adopts an adjustable angle design and is connected to the seed chamber housing 2 via a rotating shaft; the clamping force of the elastic scraper 6 is precisely adjusted through a screw mechanism; the installation angle of the brush assembly 5 can be fixed within the range of 0°-45° by positioning bolts. When processing seeds of different shapes or sizes, the contact depth between the brush and the type hole of the seed metering disc 1 can be flexibly adjusted to ensure that excess seeds are effectively removed without damaging the seed coat; the screw mechanism of the elastic scraper 6 is equipped with a scale, and each rotation corresponds to a change of 0.5N in clamping force, which can precisely control the adhesion force of the scraper to the surface of the seed metering disc 1, avoiding incomplete seed cleaning due to insufficient pressure or wear of the seed metering disc 1 due to excessive pressure.

[0021] In this embodiment, the positioning and mounting component 9 includes a base plate 15, a height adjustment rod 14, and a locking mechanism 16. The base plate 15 is connected to the seeder frame via U-bolts. The height adjustment rod 14 achieves vertical positioning of the seed chamber shell 2 through threaded engagement. The locking mechanism 16 employs a quick-clamping device for rapid assembly and disassembly. The relative height of the seed chamber shell 2 to the ground is precisely adjusted according to the sowing depth requirements of different crops to ensure consistent seed drop depth. The quick-clamping device of the locking mechanism 16 uses a combination of an eccentric wheel and a pull rod. Simply turning the eccentric wheel handle locks or releases the mechanism. A single operator can complete the assembly and disassembly process in just 3 seconds, significantly reducing adjustment time in the field.

[0022] In this embodiment, the surface of the seed metering disc 1 is specially treated to form a friction-reducing layer; the inner wall of the seed chamber shell 2 is provided with a guide plate to optimize the seed flow path; the friction-reducing layer is prepared by plasma spraying technology, which can effectively reduce the adhesion of seeds in the seed hole, making the seed filling and discharge process smoother. According to the test, the seed hole clogging rate is reduced by 60% compared with the traditional treatment method.

[0023] In this embodiment, the model of the stepper motor 11 is not particularly limited. It can be a common stepper motor device, but it is preferred to be a two-phase hybrid stepper motor 11 of model 86BYGH or a three-phase hybrid stepper motor 11 of model 86BYG350. Other models can also be selected in actual applications, and there are no restrictions here.

[0024] In this embodiment, the model of the microcontroller 12 is not particularly limited, and can be any common type.

[0025] Microcontroller devices are available, but it is best to use a single-chip microcontroller such as AT89C2051 or TMS320VC5509A. Other models can be selected in practical applications, and no restrictions are imposed here.

[0026] In this embodiment, the model of the first relay 13 is not particularly limited. It can be a common relay device, but it is preferably a JRC-5M / RG4.527.168 or JRC-7M model relay. Other models can also be selected in actual applications, and there are no restrictions here.

[0027] In this embodiment, the model of the reducer 17 is not particularly limited. It can be a common reducer 17, but it is preferred to be a planetary reducer 17 such as the PLE series or PWQ series. Other models can also be selected in actual applications, and there are no restrictions here.

[0028] In practical application, when seeds fall into the holes of the seed metering tray 11, the brush assembly 5 activates to remove excess seeds, ensuring only a suitable amount remains in each hole. Simultaneously, the elastic scraper 6 plays a crucial role, effectively ensuring only one seed remains in each hole, thus preventing the presence of multiple seeds simultaneously. Furthermore, the split-type seed chamber shell 2 design offers numerous advantages, most notably facilitating quick and easy cleaning of any blockages within the seed chamber, significantly improving work efficiency. The seed guide tube 4 is fixed via a flange connection, effectively preventing seed leakage during transport. Moreover, the seed guide tube 4 extends 20-30 mm behind the furrow opener, a design that effectively prevents soil backfilling, thus ensuring the seed germination rate is not adversely affected.

[0029] It is worth noting that in the description of this utility model, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can also refer to a mechanical connection. The circuits described in this utility model are all commonly used circuits in the art, and other related components are all commonly used existing components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this utility model patent is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this utility model patent. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this utility model patent is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be encompassed within this utility model patent. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A seeding drive mechanism for a no-till seeding and fertilization device, characterized in that, The system includes a power transmission component, a seed metering adjustment component, and a positioning and mounting component. The power transmission component is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller via a first relay. The seed metering adjustment component is mechanically coupled to the power transmission component via a transmission mechanism. The positioning and mounting component is modularly connected to the seeder frame. The power transmission component includes a stepper motor, a reducer, and a torque sensor. The stepper motor is coaxially connected to the input terminal of the reducer via a coupling. The output terminal of the reducer meshes with the power input shaft of the seed metering adjustment component via a spline. The torque sensor is mounted on the output shaft of the reducer, and its signal output terminal is connected to the microcontroller. The analog input terminal of the controller is connected; the seed metering adjustment component includes a seed metering disc, a seed chamber shell, a seed cleaning device, and a seed guide tube; the seed metering disc is fixedly installed at the end of the power input shaft, and its circumferential surface is uniformly provided with an array of shaped holes; the seed chamber shell adopts a split structure, including an upper cover plate and a lower bottom plate, which are connected by bolts to form a sealed cavity; the seed cleaning device consists of a brush assembly and an elastic scraper, the brush assembly is fixed to the side wall of the seed chamber shell by a bracket, and the elastic scraper is pressed against the surface of the seed metering disc by a spring pre-tightening mechanism; the upper end of the seed guide tube is connected to the bottom outlet of the seed chamber shell by a flange, and the lower end extends to the rear of the furrow opener.

2. The seeding drive mechanism of the no-till seeding and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stepper motor of the power transmission component adopts a two-phase hybrid structure, and its drive circuit includes a microstepping adjustment module, which realizes stepless adjustment of the seeding disc speed by changing the pulse frequency; the reducer adopts a planetary gear structure, and its transmission ratio is matched with the maximum speed of the stepper motor.

3. The seeding drive mechanism of the no-till seeding and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed metering adjustment component has a modular design for its hole array, which includes three specifications: large-capacity holes, standard holes, and small-capacity holes. The holes of each specification are distributed at equal angles around the seed metering disc.

4. The seeding drive mechanism of the no-till seeding and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brush assembly of the seed cleaning device has an adjustable angle design and is connected to the seed chamber housing via a rotating shaft; the clamping force of the elastic scraper is precisely adjusted via a screw mechanism.

5. The seeding drive mechanism of the no-till seeding and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning and mounting components include a base plate, a height adjustment rod, and a locking mechanism. The base plate is connected to the seeder frame via U-bolts, the height adjustment rod achieves vertical positioning of the seed chamber shell via threaded engagement, and the locking mechanism uses a quick-clamping device to achieve quick assembly and disassembly of the mechanism.

6. The seeding drive mechanism of the no-till seeding and fertilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the perforated plate of the seed metering disc is specially treated to form a friction-reducing layer; the inner wall of the seed chamber shell is provided with a guide plate to optimize the seed flow path.

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