A cotton harvesting machine capable of quickly changing position to pick rows
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202522082972.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-26
AI Technical Summary
[0002]黄河流域及长江流域棉区以中小规模的棉花种植为主，机耕道窄，一般大型作业机具如水平摘锭采棉机或棉花采收打包一体机的适应性差，田间转弯、掉头多有不便，易陷地打滑,作业效率更难以保证
[0007]本实用新型的有益效果是：1）后桥驱动式履带底盘，具备高效的通过性、上下坡的安全性及操控的稳定性，可适应多种复杂地形作业需求；2）纵向箱架与横向箱架形成上下面的滑动，利用油缸推动采摘单体在横向形成移动，从而适应不同行距棉田采棉的需要；3）由于采摘单体的左右位移，因此可以做到实时、方便、快捷地调整，实现对行采摘；3）采摘台固有的纵向绞龙以一定坡度依靠螺旋搅龙叶片推进将物料自下而上提升，第一格栅可以将枝杆、铃壳、小石块等杂质排出，棉花落到采摘台后部的横向输送器内，部分枝杆和碎叶在提升过程中能通过第二格栅排出；横向输送器将籽棉自采摘台的两端部向中间输送，物料横向转移过程中部分枝杆和碎叶能通过格栅条间隙二次机会排出；汇集后的籽棉进入风力输送通道连接器，经挑棉辊的挑拨、击打、振动，籽棉团得到松散，第三格栅能够将剩余的枝杆、铃壳等杂质排出，通过三级排杂达到高效清理杂质。
Smart Images
Figure CN224891247U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a cotton harvesting machine that can quickly change position and harvest in rows, belonging to the technical field of cotton harvesting equipment. Background Technology
[0002] The cotton-growing areas in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins are mainly engaged in small- to medium-scale cotton cultivation. The narrow farm roads make it difficult for large-scale machinery such as horizontal pickers or integrated cotton harvesting and baling machines to adapt effectively. Turning and maneuvering in the field are inconvenient, and the machines are prone to slipping and getting stuck, making it difficult to guarantee operational efficiency. Existing lightweight cotton harvesters are mostly integrated frame machines with fixed row spacing, making them unsuitable for varying row spacing. Furthermore, the cotton harvesting efficiency is low, and cotton branches and other debris are difficult to remove completely, causing harvesting blockages. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is how to adapt to operations in narrow cotton fields and variable row spacing while improving cotton harvesting efficiency.
[0004] The technical solution proposed by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a cotton harvesting machine, including a tracked chassis, a picking platform, a pneumatic conveying system, and a self-unloading cotton box; the tracked chassis includes a cab, a front axle, a rear axle, a main frame, an engine, tracks, tension rollers, carrier rollers, and support rollers; the rear axle is equipped with a fully hydraulic continuously variable transmission (CVT); the output shaft of the engine is connected to the input shaft of the CVT via a belt drive; the front axle and the rear axle are fixedly connected through the main frame; the cab is installed on the right side of the front end of the main frame; the picking platform is hinged to the front end of the tracked chassis via a suspension frame; the picking platform includes at least one picking unit, a transverse conveyor, and a pneumatic conveying channel connector; the picking unit includes a row divider, a picking roller assembly, a longitudinal auger, a first hydraulic motor driving the longitudinal auger, and a longitudinal frame; the picking roller assembly and the longitudinal auger are arranged in parallel rows within the longitudinal frame; the row divider is connected to the front of the longitudinal frame; The transverse conveyor includes a transverse frame, two coaxial and counter-rotating transverse augers located within the transverse frame, a second hydraulic motor and a hydraulic cylinder for driving the transverse augers. The hydraulic cylinder is located at the lower front of the transverse conveyor, and its piston rod is connected to the transverse frame. A sliding plate is provided transversely at the bottom of the longitudinal frame, and a guide rail that cooperates with the sliding plate is provided at the top of the transverse frame. As the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts, the sliding plate pushes the picking unit to slide on the guide rail. The pneumatic conveying system includes a fan and a conveying channel. The fan is fixedly connected to the tracked chassis. The pneumatic conveying channel is divided into three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The upper section is sleeved over the middle section, the middle section is hinged to the lower section, and the lower section is fixedly connected to the output port of the pneumatic conveying channel connector. The self-unloading cotton box includes a box body, a scraper mechanism, a side-tilting cylinder, and a free-swivel door. The box body is surrounded by perforated plates on its sides and top. The scraper mechanism consists of two sets of parallel double-pitch chains and a scraper plate installed between the two sets of double-pitch chains.
[0005] Furthermore, the bottom of the longitudinal frame is fully equipped with a first grid, the bottom of the transverse frame is fully equipped with a second grid, and the bottom of the pneumatic conveying channel connector is fully equipped with a third grid. In this way, cotton branches and other debris separated during the longitudinal auger fall to the ground through the first grid for initial cleaning; further separation during the transverse auger allows the cotton branches and other debris to fall to the ground through the second grid for a second cleaning; and finally, further separation after passing through the picking roller allows the cotton branches and other debris to fall to the ground through the third grid for a third cleaning. This three-stage cleaning process throughout the cotton harvesting process greatly improves the cleaning effect.
[0006] Furthermore, the scraper blades are U-shaped and arranged at orderly intervals.
[0007] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: 1) The rear-axle driven tracked chassis has high passability, safety on slopes, and stable operation, and can adapt to various complex terrain operation needs; 2) The longitudinal and transverse frames slide vertically, and the hydraulic cylinder pushes the picking unit to move laterally, thereby adapting to the needs of cotton picking in cotton fields with different row spacings; 3) Due to the left and right displacement of the picking unit, real-time, convenient, and quick adjustments can be made to achieve row-to-row picking; 4) The inherent longitudinal auger of the picking platform lifts the material from bottom to top at a certain slope by relying on the spiral auger blades. The first grid discharges impurities such as branches, bolls, and small stones. The cotton falls into the transverse conveyor at the rear of the picking platform. Some branches and broken leaves can be discharged through the second grid during the lifting process. The transverse conveyor transports the seed cotton from both ends of the picking platform to the middle. During the transverse transfer of materials, some branches and broken leaves can be discharged through the gaps between the grid bars. The collected seed cotton enters the air-powered conveying channel connector. After being picked, struck, and vibrated by the picking rollers, the seed cotton clumps are loosened. The third grid can discharge the remaining branches, bolls, and other impurities. Through three-stage impurity removal, efficient impurity cleaning is achieved. Attached Figure Description
[0008] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cotton harvesting machine that can quickly change position and pick cotton in rows, according to an embodiment of this utility model.
[0010] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view.
[0011] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The left view.
[0012] Figure 4 From Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the harvesting platform as shown in the image.
[0013] Figure 5 From Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the harvested individual pieces after decomposition.
[0014] Figure 6 From Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the decomposed transverse conveyor.
[0015] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A stereoscopic view from one perspective. Detailed Implementation Example
[0016] This embodiment describes a cotton harvester capable of rapid repositioning and picking, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a tracked chassis 1, a picking platform 2, a pneumatic conveying system, and a self-unloading cotton box 8. The tracked chassis 12 includes a cab 5, a front axle, a rear axle, a main frame 10, an engine, tracks 12, tension rollers, carrier rollers, and track rollers. The rear axle is equipped with a fully hydraulic continuously variable transmission (CVT). The engine's output shaft is connected to the CVT's input shaft via a belt drive. The front and rear axles are fixedly connected via the main frame 10. The cab 5 is mounted on the right side of the front end of the main frame 10. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the picking platform 2 is hinged to the front end of the tracked chassis 1 via a suspension frame. The picking platform 2 includes at least one picking unit 3, a transverse conveyor 4, and a pneumatic conveying channel connector 6. The picking unit 3 includes a distributor 3-1, a picking roller assembly 3-2, a longitudinal auger 3-3, a first hydraulic motor 3-4 driving the longitudinal auger 3-3, and a longitudinal frame 3-5. The picking roller assembly 3-2 and the longitudinal auger 3-3 are arranged in parallel vertically within the longitudinal frame 3-5. The distributor 3-1 is connected to the front of the longitudinal frame 3-5. Figure 6 As shown, the transverse conveyor 4 includes a transverse frame 4-1, two coaxial transverse augers 4-2 located within the transverse frame 4-1 and spiraling in opposite directions, a second hydraulic motor driving the transverse augers 4-2, and two hydraulic cylinders 7. The hydraulic cylinders 7 are located on both sides of the lower front part of the transverse conveyor 4. The piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the transverse frame, and the hydraulic cylinders are controlled by hydraulic valves located in the cab, allowing real-time control of the row-by-row harvesting mode. Figure 5 As shown, the bottom of the longitudinal frame 3-5 is provided with a horizontal sliding plate. There are two parallel sliding plates, one at the front and one at the back. The lower sliding plate 3-6 at the front is composed of two parallel double straight plates, while the higher sliding plate 3-7 at the back is composed of a single plate bent in an S-shape. Figure 6 As shown, the top of the transverse frame is equipped with guide rails that cooperate with the sliding plate, namely the front guide rail 4-6 and the rear guide rail 4-7; as the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 7 extends and retracts, the sliding plate pushes the picking unit to slide on the guide rails. Figure 1 As shown, the pneumatic conveying system includes a blower 9 and a conveying channel 11. The blower 9 is fixedly connected to the tracked chassis 1. The pneumatic conveying channel 11 is divided into three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The upper section is connected to the middle section, the middle section is hinged to the lower section, and the lower section is fixedly connected to the output port of the pneumatic conveying channel connector 6. The self-unloading cotton box 8 includes a box body, a scraper mechanism, a side-tilting cylinder, and a free-swivel door. The box body 8 is covered with perforated plates on its sides and top. The scraper mechanism consists of two sets of parallel double-pitch chains and a scraper plate installed between the two sets of double-pitch chains. The scraper plate is U-shaped and arranged at orderly intervals to form a complete closed-loop motion mechanism, driven by a hydraulic motor to improve cotton unloading efficiency.
[0017] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the bottom of the longitudinal frame 3-5 is fully equipped with a first grid 3-6, the bottom of the transverse frame is fully equipped with a second grid 6-1, and the bottom of the pneumatic conveying channel connector 6 is fully equipped with a third grid 6-2. In this way, cotton branches and other debris separated during the longitudinal auger fall to the ground through the first grid for initial cleaning. Further separation during the transverse auger allows the cotton branches and other debris to fall to the ground through the second grid for a second cleaning. Finally, after passing through the cotton picking roller 6-3, further separation allows the cotton branches and other debris to fall to the ground through the third grid for a third cleaning. This three-stage cleaning process throughout the cotton picking process greatly improves the cleaning effect.
[0018] This utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope claimed by this utility model.
Claims
1. A cotton harvester capable of quick and easy row-to-row picking, characterized in that... The system includes a tracked chassis, a picking platform, a pneumatic conveying system, and a self-unloading cotton box. The tracked chassis includes a cab, a front axle, a rear axle, a main frame, an engine, tracks, tension rollers, carrier rollers, and track rollers. The rear axle is equipped with a fully hydraulic continuously variable transmission (CVT). The output shaft of the engine is connected to the input shaft of the CVT via a belt drive. The front axle and the rear axle are fixedly connected through the main frame. The cab is installed on the right side of the front end of the main frame. The picking platform is hinged to the front end of the tracked chassis via a suspension frame. The picking platform includes at least one picking unit, a transverse conveyor, and a pneumatic conveying channel connector. The picking unit includes a distributor, a picking roller assembly, a longitudinal auger, a first hydraulic motor driving the longitudinal auger, and a longitudinal frame. The picking roller assembly and the longitudinal auger are arranged in parallel rows within the longitudinal frame, and the distributor is connected to the front of the longitudinal frame. The transverse conveyor includes a transverse frame, two coaxial transverse auger sections spiraling in opposite directions within the transverse frame, a second hydraulic motor driving the transverse auger, and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is located at the lower front of the transverse conveyor, and its piston rod is connected to the transverse frame. The longitudinal... A sliding plate is provided laterally at the bottom of the box frame, and a guide rail that cooperates with the sliding plate is provided at the top of the box frame. As the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends and retracts, the sliding plate pushes the picking unit to slide on the guide rail. The pneumatic conveying system includes a fan and a conveying channel. The fan is fixedly connected to the tracked chassis. The pneumatic conveying channel is divided into three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The upper section is sleeved to the middle section, the middle section is hinged to the lower section, and the lower section is fixedly connected to the output port of the pneumatic conveying channel connector. The self-unloading cotton box includes a box body, a scraper mechanism, a side-tilting cylinder, and a free-swivel door. The box body is covered with perforated plates around its perimeter and top. The scraper mechanism consists of two sets of parallel double-pitch chains and a scraper plate installed between the two sets of double-pitch chains.
2. The cotton harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the longitudinal frame is fully covered with a first grid, the bottom of the transverse frame is fully covered with a second grid, and the bottom of the wind power transmission channel connector is fully covered with a third grid.
3. The cotton harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scraper blades are U-shaped and arranged at orderly intervals.