Fire extinguishing device for battery fire

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of fire extinguishing devices for coping with battery fire, belong to lithium battery safety technical field.The device is sheet structure, including sequentially laminated elastic support layer, first fire-retardant layer, phase-change endothermic function layer and fire extinguishing agent storage layer.The fire extinguishing agent storage layer is sealed filled with fire extinguishing agent, and its sealing structure is broken when reaching set temperature, automatically releases fire extinguishing agent.The device structure of the utility model is compact, without external power supply and control signal can realize self-triggering fire extinguishing, can be directly attached to the surface of electric core or as spacer placed between electric core, realize the precision fire prevention explosion of electric core level, effectively improve the overall safety of battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery safety technology, and in particular to a fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage power stations, the application of lithium-ion batteries is becoming increasingly widespread. However, lithium batteries are prone to thermal runaway under conditions such as charging, short circuits, and mechanical abuse, leading to serious safety accidents such as fires and explosions. Thermal runaway can easily spread from one cell to adjacent cells within the battery pack, causing catastrophic consequences.

[0003] Currently, most common battery pack-level fire suppression systems install smoke or temperature sensors inside the battery pack. When a hazard is detected, a central controller activates the fire suppression system to spray the entire pack. This approach suffers from problems such as response delay, complex structure, high cost, and inability to accurately suppress individual runaway cells. Existing systems are inadequate for extinguishing thermal runaway in its early stages and preventing its spread.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fire extinguishing device that is simple in structure, requires no external signal, and can achieve rapid self-triggering at the battery cell level. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires, solving the problems of delayed response, complex structure, and inability to accurately suppress individual runaway battery cells in existing fire extinguishing devices.

[0006] A fire extinguishing device for responding to battery fires, the fire extinguishing device having a sheet-like multi-layer structure, including an elastic support layer; at least one first flame-retardant layer attached to at least one surface of the elastic support layer; at least one phase change heat-absorbing functional layer attached to the side of the first flame-retardant layer away from the elastic support layer; and at least one fire extinguishing agent storage layer attached to the side of the phase change heat-absorbing functional layer away from the first flame-retardant layer; the fire extinguishing agent storage layer has a sealed chamber inside, the sealed chamber is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and its wall surface away from the phase change heat-absorbing functional layer is a thermally responsive sealing structure.

[0007] Preferably, the elastic support layer has a honeycomb structure.

[0008] Preferably, the first flame-retardant layer is a woven fabric structure or a non-woven fabric structure.

[0009] Preferably, the thermally responsive sealing structure is a polymer film sealing layer.

[0010] Preferably, the fire extinguishing device has a symmetrical structure, consisting of, from the center to both sides, the following layers: the elastic support layer, two symmetrically arranged first flame-retardant layers, two symmetrically arranged phase change heat absorption functional layers, and two symmetrically arranged fire extinguishing agent storage layers.

[0011] Preferably, the fire extinguishing device has an asymmetrical structure, consisting of the following layers from one side to the other: the first flame-retardant layer, the elastic support layer, the first flame-retardant layer, the phase change heat absorption functional layer, and the fire extinguishing agent storage layer.

[0012] Preferably, the fire extinguishing device is directly attached to the side wall of the battery cell using thermally conductive adhesive, or placed between two adjacent battery cells as a spacer.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this utility model are as follows: This invention achieves temperature triggering through a thermally responsive sealing structure, requiring no external power supply or control signal, and has an extremely fast response speed, enabling the instantaneous release of extinguishing agent in the early stages of thermal runaway.

[0014] The plate-like design of the fire extinguishing device allows it to act directly on each battery cell, achieving precise fire suppression and effectively preventing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0015] This utility model, through its flat and miniaturized design, can be used as a cell spacer or attached to the side wall of the cell, with almost no additional volume and weight to the battery module, and is easy to integrate into existing battery pack designs.

[0016] This utility model integrates buffering, flame retardancy, heat absorption, and fire extinguishing functions, providing continuous physical isolation and thermal management functions before and after triggering fire extinguishing.

[0017] This invention has no moving parts, has a simple structure, is easy to mass-produce, has low cost, and high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires according to this utility model. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded diagram of a fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires according to this utility model. Figure 2 ; Figure 4 for Figure 3 An exploded diagram of a fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Elastic support layer; 2. First flame retardant layer; 3. Phase change heat absorption functional layer; 4. Fire extinguishing agent storage layer; 41. Polymer film sealing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical problem to be solved, the technical solution, and the beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0022] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires is disclosed. The fire extinguishing device has a sheet-like multi-layer structure, including an elastic support layer 1; at least one first flame-retardant layer 2 attached to at least one surface of the elastic support layer 1; at least one phase change heat-absorbing functional layer 3 attached to the side of the first flame-retardant layer 2 away from the elastic support layer 1; and at least one fire extinguishing agent storage layer 4 attached to the side of the phase change heat-absorbing functional layer 3 away from the first flame-retardant layer 2. The fire extinguishing agent storage layer 4 has a sealed chamber inside, which is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and its wall surface away from the phase change heat-absorbing functional layer 3 is a thermally responsive sealed structure.

[0023] Among them, the phase change heat absorption functional layer 3 uses existing phase change sheets, which absorb a large amount of heat through phase change when the battery temperature is abnormal, thus delaying the temperature rise.

[0024] Specifically, the elastic support layer 1 has a honeycomb structure.

[0025] The elastic support layer 1 is used to provide support and cushioning functions and is made of polyurethane elastomer.

[0026] Specifically, the first flame-retardant layer 2 is a woven fabric structure or a non-woven fabric structure.

[0027] The first flame-retardant layer 2 is made of at least one of aramid 1313, aramid 1414, flame-retardant polyester or polybenzimidazole fiber.

[0028] Specifically, the thermally responsive sealing structure is a polymer film sealing layer 41.

[0029] The polymer film sealing layer softens rapidly and loses its mechanical strength when it reaches a set temperature (e.g., 90℃-120℃), and is ruptured by internal pressure, thereby automatically releasing the fire extinguishing agent. In specific implementations, the polymer film sealing layer 41 is made of materials including polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyurethane, and polyolefin elastomers.

[0030] Specifically, the fire extinguishing device has a symmetrical structure, consisting of the following layers from the center to both sides: the elastic support layer 1, two symmetrically arranged first flame-retardant layers 2, two symmetrically arranged phase change heat absorption functional layers 3, and two symmetrically arranged fire extinguishing agent storage layers 4.

[0031] Specifically, the fire extinguishing device has an asymmetrical structure, consisting of the following layers from one side to the other: the first flame-retardant layer 2, the elastic support layer 1, the first flame-retardant layer 2, the phase change heat absorption functional layer 3, and the fire extinguishing agent storage layer 4.

[0032] Specifically, the fire extinguishing device is directly attached to the side wall of the battery cell using thermally conductive adhesive, or placed between two adjacent battery cells as a spacer.

[0033] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, its temperature rises rapidly. The heat is transferred to the fire extinguishing agent storage layer 4 of this device, causing its polymer film sealing layer 41 to soften and rupture. The perfluorohexanone liquid filling the layer rapidly vaporizes and is released, extinguishing the fire and cooling the runaway battery cell and its surrounding space. Simultaneously, the phase change heat-absorbing functional layer 3 absorbs a large amount of heat, slowing down heat diffusion; the first flame-retardant layer 2 provides continuous flame protection; and the elastic support layer 1 buffers the mechanical impact that may result from the expansion of the battery cell.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present utility model by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing device has a sheet-like multi-layer structure, including an elastic support layer (1); at least one first flame retardant layer (2) attached to at least one surface of the elastic support layer (1); at least one phase change heat absorption functional layer (3) attached to the side of the first flame retardant layer (2) away from the elastic support layer (1); and at least one fire extinguishing agent storage layer (4) attached to the side of the phase change heat absorption functional layer (3) away from the first flame retardant layer (2); the fire extinguishing agent storage layer (4) has a sealed chamber inside, the sealed chamber is filled with fire extinguishing agent, and its wall surface away from the phase change heat absorption functional layer (3) is a thermally responsive sealed structure.

2. The fire extinguishing device for responding to battery fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic support layer (1) has a honeycomb structure.

3. The fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first flame-retardant layer (2) is a woven fabric structure or a non-woven fabric structure.

4. The fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermally responsive sealing structure is a polymer film sealing layer (41).

5. The fire extinguishing device for dealing with battery fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing device has a symmetrical structure, consisting of the following layers from the center to both sides: the elastic support layer (1), two symmetrically arranged first flame-retardant layers (2), two symmetrically arranged phase change heat absorption functional layers (3), and two symmetrically arranged fire extinguishing agent storage layers (4).

6. The fire extinguishing device for responding to battery fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing device has an asymmetrical structure, consisting of the following layers from one side to the other: the first flame-retardant layer (2), the elastic support layer (1), the first flame-retardant layer (2), the phase change heat absorption functional layer (3), and the fire extinguishing agent storage layer (4).

7. The fire extinguishing device for responding to battery fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire extinguishing device is directly attached to the side wall of the battery cell using thermally conductive adhesive, or placed between two adjacent battery cells as a spacer.

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