A harrow frame device with self-adjusting harrow pressure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of harrow pressure self-adjusting harrow frame devices, belong to concentrator equipment technical field, including harrow frame body, high-pressure air system and power component. The support frame inside of harrow frame body is equipped with air duct, and the air outlet hole with check valve is opened on its harrow frame arm;High-pressure air system is communicated with the support frame air duct by the air conveying pipeline with universal rotary joint;Power component contains monitoring, transmission and lifting assembly, can monitor harrow pressure in real time and automatically control harrow frame forward and reverse, start and stop high-pressure air and adjust harrow frame height accordingly.The utility model is matched by high-pressure air impact and harrow frame intelligent steering, effectively loosen cemented material, significantly improve bottom flow concentration and avoid dilution, solve the problems, such as low efficiency of traditional manual processing, water flow impact influence subsequent operation, realize the continuous, safe, efficient operation of concentration tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of thickener equipment technology, specifically to a rake frame device with self-adjusting rake pressing mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] Thickeners are key pieces of equipment widely used in mineral processing, coal, and chemical industries for slurry concentration. They primarily utilize gravity settling to concentrate the slurry fed into the machine. A rotating rake scrapes the material deposited at the bottom of the tank to the discharge port, while clarified water overflows. In actual operation, high-ash, fine-mud slurry tends to form thick mud deposits at the bottom of the thickener, which easily create "dams" and "walls" as they move towards the discharge port. This results in a bottom flow concentration of only 100 g / ml, far below the design value of 350-400 g / ml. This not only significantly hinders subsequent filtration operations but also causes a sharp increase in the rake's rotational resistance (rake pressure), potentially leading to malfunctions such as the rake becoming jammed, derailing, or breaking.

[0003] Currently, in slurry thickening operations, the main method to reduce rake pressure is to manually process the bottom sediment during shutdown. However, this method is not only labor-intensive but also requires frequent shutdowns, disrupting normal production. Some thickeners also attempt to alleviate the rake pressure problem by using pressurized water to impact the sediment at the bottom of the tank. However, while the water flow loosens the material, it inevitably dilutes the underflow concentration, which not only affects the thickening efficiency but also adds an extra burden to the subsequent filter press dewatering operation. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a self-adjusting rake frame device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as frequent shutdowns due to manual handling affecting normal production and water flow impact diluting the underflow concentration.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a self-adjusting rake frame device for scraping and collecting material settled to the bottom of a thickening tank to a discharge port. The device includes a rake frame body, a high-pressure air system, and a power unit. The rake frame body includes a support frame with internal air ducts. Multiple air outlets are located on the side wall of the support frame near the tank bottom, with each outlet pointing towards the bottom. The air ducts are connected to these outlets. The high-pressure air system includes a high-pressure air source assembly and an air delivery pipe. One end of the air delivery pipe is connected to the high-pressure air source assembly, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support frame. The internal air ducts of the air delivery pipe are connected to the air ducts of the support frame. The power unit drives the rake frame body to rotate and lift.

[0006] Furthermore, the power component includes a transmission assembly, a lifting assembly, and a rake pressure monitoring assembly for monitoring the rake frame device. The monitoring assembly is electrically connected to the transmission assembly and the lifting assembly, respectively. The transmission assembly is used to drive the rake frame body to rotate around the central axis in a first direction or a second direction opposite to the first direction. The lifting assembly is used to adjust the height of the rake frame body.

[0007] Furthermore, the air supply duct includes a flexible duct, a horizontal rigid duct, and a vertical rigid duct. One end of the flexible duct is connected to one end of the horizontal rigid duct, and the other end of the horizontal rigid duct is connected to one end of the vertical rigid duct. The other end of the flexible duct is connected to the output end of the high-pressure air source component. The other end of the vertical rigid duct is fixedly and sealed to the air duct inlet of the support frame of the support frame. The horizontal rigid duct is fixedly installed on the thickener bridge, and the vertical rigid duct is fixedly installed at the center of the rake frame body.

[0008] Furthermore, the air supply duct also includes a universal joint, the rotating end of which is sealed and connected to the vertical rigid duct, and the fixed end of which is sealed and connected to the horizontal rigid duct.

[0009] Furthermore, the support frame includes a drive shaft and a rake arm. One end of the rake arm is fixed to the side of the drive shaft. The rake arm extends outward from the connection with the drive shaft at an angle suitable for scraping the material at the bottom of the pool. The end of the drive shaft away from the bottom of the pool is fixedly connected to the output end of the power unit.

[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple rake arms, the inner ends of which are all fixed on the same circumference on the side of the drive shaft, and the multiple rake arms are evenly distributed circumferentially with the central axis of the drive shaft as the center.

[0011] Furthermore, the rake arm includes two first rake arms and two second rake arms. The length of the first rake arm is shorter than that of the second rake arm. The first rake arms and the second rake arms are alternately arranged, and the interval angle between adjacent first rake arms and second rake arms in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft is 90°.

[0012] Furthermore, the air outlet is located on the rake arm and is situated on the facing surface of the rake arm as it rotates in the second direction.

[0013] Furthermore, each air outlet is equipped with a one-way valve, which only allows fluid to be discharged from the inside of the air outlet to the outside.

[0014] Furthermore, the self-adjusting rake frame device also includes an audible and visual alarm, which is electrically connected to the monitoring components.

[0015] This utility model has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0016] 1. This invention integrates an air duct within the rake frame and introduces a high-pressure air system, enabling the direct delivery of high-pressure gas to the most easily caking area at the bottom of the thickener. The high-pressure air is ejected through outlets located at the leading edge of the rake frame arm, impacting the densely deposited material, loosening and fluidizing it, thereby breaking up the thick sediment. This method not only reduces the rotational resistance of the rake frame but also avoids diluting the material like water flow, significantly increasing the concentration of the underflow discharge, creating favorable conditions for subsequent filter press operations, and comprehensively improving the system's processing efficiency.

[0017] 2. This utility model constructs a complete automatic control system by setting up monitoring components, transmission components, and lifting components. The system can monitor changes in rake pressure in real time, and when the rake pressure reaches a certain preset value, it automatically switches from the first rotation direction to the second rotation direction and simultaneously activates high-pressure air to proactively mitigate the risk of overload. When the rake pressure returns to normal, it can automatically switch back to the normal mode. This intelligent control strategy based on pressure feedback changes the traditional method of equipment relying on passive rake lifting or manual intervention, effectively avoiding serious malfunctions such as rake crushing and derailment, and ensuring continuous, safe, and stable production operation.

[0018] 3. The air delivery pipeline of this utility model adopts a combination of flexible and rigid pipelines, and is connected to the support frame through a universal joint, which solves the problem of pipeline torsion during rake rotation and ensures the continuity and sealing of high-pressure air delivery. A one-way valve is installed at the air outlet to effectively prevent slurry backflow and blockage of the air duct, greatly improving the long-term operational reliability of the system. Furthermore, the support frame adopts a radial rake arm layout with alternating long and short arms, resulting in a wider scraping range and more even force distribution. These designs together constitute a robust, stable, and efficient working system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the horizontal rigid pipe and the vertical rigid pipe of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is the front view of the support frame of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a top view of the support frame of this utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 13—Air outlet; 14—Drive shaft; 15—Rake frame arm; 16—First rake arm; 17—Second rake arm; 2—High-pressure air system; 21—High-pressure air source assembly; 22—Air supply pipeline; 23—Flexible pipe; 24—Horizontal rigid pipe; 25—Vertical rigid pipe; 26—Universal swivel joint; 3—Power components; 31—Monitoring components; 32—Transmission components; 33—Boosting components; 41—Scraper; 42—Suspension rod; 43—Fixed rod; 44—Connecting rod; 45—Strengthening rod. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present utility model or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of this utility model provides a self-adjusting rake frame device for scraping and collecting materials settled to the bottom of a thickening tank to a discharge port. The device includes a rake frame body 1, a high-pressure air system 2, and a power component 3. The rake frame body 1 includes a support frame 11, which is a hollow structure and can be constructed from square-shell steel pipes. An air duct 12 with a sealed cavity structure is provided inside the support frame 11. Multiple air outlets 13 are provided near the bottom of the tank on the support frame 11, with each outlet 13 pointing towards the bottom and targeting areas prone to material deposition. The air duct 12 is connected to the multiple air outlets 13. The high-pressure air system 2 includes a high-pressure air source component 21 and an air delivery pipe 22. The high-pressure air source component 21 can be a mine air compressor and includes a pressure reducing valve, a shut-off valve, and a pressure gauge to ensure stable and controllable air pressure. One end of the air supply duct 22 is connected to the high-pressure air source assembly 21, and the other end of the air supply duct 22 is fixedly connected to the support frame 11. The internal air duct of the air supply duct 22 is connected to the air duct 12 of the support frame. The high-pressure air produced by the high-pressure air source assembly 21 is transported to the air outlet 13 through the air supply duct 22 and the air duct 12 of the support frame for discharge. The power unit 3 is used to drive the rake frame body 1 to rotate and lift.

[0028] In this embodiment, the rake frame body 1, the high-pressure air system 2, and the power unit 3 constitute an integrated active dredging system. By connecting the high-pressure air system 2 to the rake frame body 1, which performs the sludge scraping task, the high-pressure air can be precisely delivered and applied to the most easily compacted material layer at the bottom of the pool through the support frame air duct 12 and the air outlet 13. This structure fundamentally expands the traditional single scraping function of the rake frame into a composite function combining scraping and pneumatic loosening, providing a solution to the problem of excessive resistance after material deposition and laying the structural foundation for subsequent intelligent control.

[0029] In this embodiment, the power component 3 includes a monitoring component 31, a transmission component 32, and a lifting component 33. The monitoring component 31 includes a pressure sensor and an integrated control module. The pressure sensor monitors the harrow pressure, and the integrated control module is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, transmission component 32, lifting component 33, and high-pressure air source component 21. Both the pressure sensor and the integrated control module are existing products. The transmission component 32 can adopt a structure where dual hydraulic motors drive the outer ring gear of the slewing bearing to drive the harrow frame body 1 to rotate around the central axis in a first direction or a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first direction is clockwise, and the second direction is counterclockwise. The lifting component 33 can adopt a hydraulic double-output shaft cylinder to adjust the height of the harrow frame body 1. In this embodiment, the monitoring component 31 continuously monitors the harrow pressure, and the integrated control module controls the transmission component 32 to change its rotation direction, the lifting component 33 to change the harrow frame height, and the high-pressure air source component 21 to operate based on the harrow pressure, thereby constructing a complete closed-loop control system. This transforms the traditional passive avoidance or manual intervention into an active, programmed response strategy. When the rake pressure is too high, it automatically switches to the second rotation direction, i.e., counterclockwise, and coordinates with the high-pressure air system 2 to output high-pressure air and perform a lifting action. This effectively mitigates overload and prevents serious malfunctions such as rake crushing and derailment, greatly improving the automation level and safety reliability of the equipment. In this embodiment, the rake pressure self-adjusting rake frame device also includes an audible and visual alarm. The audible and visual alarm uses existing products and is electrically connected to the monitoring component 31. A graded safety protection mechanism is established through the audible and visual alarm.

[0030] Specifically, the monitoring component 31 presets a first pressure threshold of 5.0 MPa. When the rake pressure reaches this value, the control transmission component 32 drives the support frame 11 to rotate from clockwise to counterclockwise. At the same time, the high-pressure air system 2 starts operating to blow air onto the material that the rake scraper 41 cannot scrape after settling. The high-pressure air pressure increases with the increase of the rake pressure. When the rake pressure drops to the second pressure threshold of 4.0 MPa, the rake frame body 1 resumes clockwise rotation and enters normal operation mode. In special circumstances, when the rake pressure reaches the third pressure threshold of 6.0 MPa, the audible and visual alarm is activated to warn the operator to intervene. If the rake pressure continues to rise to the fourth pressure threshold of 7.0 MPa, the lifting component 33 automatically starts the emergency rake lifting procedure to lift the entire rake frame as a final protection measure to forcibly unload the load and prevent equipment damage.

[0031] In this embodiment, the air supply duct 22 includes a flexible duct 23, a horizontal rigid duct 24, and a vertical rigid duct 25. The flexible duct 23 can be a high-pressure hose, while both the horizontal rigid duct 24 and the vertical rigid duct 25 can be circular steel pipes. One end of the flexible duct 23 is connected to one end of the horizontal rigid duct 24. The other end of the horizontal rigid duct 24 is connected to the upper end of the vertical rigid duct 25 via a universal joint 26, achieving a rotatable and sealed connection. The other end of the flexible duct 23 is connected to the output end of the high-pressure air source assembly 21, and the other end of the vertical rigid duct 25 is fixedly and sealed to the inlet of the support frame air duct 12 of the support frame 11. The horizontal rigid duct 24 is fixedly mounted on the thickener bridge, and the vertical rigid duct 25 is fixedly mounted inside the central column of the rake frame body 1. The rotating end of the universal joint 26 is connected to the vertical rigid duct 25, and the fixed end of the universal joint 26 is connected to the horizontal rigid duct 24. The universal joint 26 can be made of stainless steel and equipped with a wear-resistant sealing ring to ensure reliability and long service life under harsh working conditions. In this embodiment, the static air source and the dynamic rake frame are connected through a flexible pipe 23, a fixed horizontal rigid pipe 24, a rotating universal joint 26, and a vertical rigid pipe 25. This greatly improves the durability and ease of maintenance of the system. The universal joint 26 ensures the sealing and freedom of movement at the connection point, while the flexible pipe 23 absorbs excess vibration and displacement of the rake frame body 1, avoiding impact on the high-pressure air source assembly 21 and enabling long-term reliable operation of the device.

[0032] In this embodiment, the support frame 11 includes a drive shaft 14 and rake arms 15. One end of the rake arm 15 is fixed to the side of the drive shaft 14. The rake arm 15 extends outward from the connection point with the drive shaft 14 at an angle suitable for scraping materials from the bottom of the tank. The end of the drive shaft 14 away from the bottom of the tank is fixedly connected to the output end of the power component 3. There are multiple rake arms 15, and the inner ends of the multiple rake arms 15 are all fixed on the same circumference of the side of the drive shaft 14. The multiple rake arms 15 are evenly distributed circumferentially around the central axis of the drive shaft 14. The rake arms 15 include two first rake arms 16 and two second rake arms 17. The length of the first rake arms 16 is shorter than that of the second rake arms 17. The first rake arms 16 and the second rake arms 17 are alternately arranged, and the interval angle between adjacent first rake arms 16 and second rake arms 17 in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft 14 is 90°, thereby achieving full coverage of the scraping range of the bottom of the tank.

[0033] In this embodiment, the rake frame body 1 further includes scrapers 41 and suspension rods 42. The scrapers 41 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the support frame 11 at a 45° angle towards the center via the suspension rods 42. Scrapers 41 are arranged at 1.5-meter intervals along the length of each rake arm 15, starting from the end furthest from the center. This results in six and nine scrapers 41 at the bottom of the first rake arm 16 and the second rake arm 17, respectively, achieving efficient scraping and collection of material from the entire bottom of the pool. Furthermore, the support frame 11 also includes fixing rods 43. Four fixing rods 43 are positioned above the corresponding rake arm 15, connected to the corresponding rake arm 15 via connecting rods 44. The inner ends of the four fixing rods 43 are all fixed to the same circumference on the side of the drive shaft 14, and the four fixing rods 43 are arranged in a cross shape within the same plane perpendicular to the drive shaft 14. A reinforcing rod 45 is obliquely arranged between two adjacent fixed rods 43. The reinforcing rod 45 and the fixed rod 43 together provide a stable fixed support for the support frame 11.

[0034] In this embodiment, the rake arm 15 and the fixed rod 43 together form the physical framework of the device, which combines efficient torque transmission, comprehensive scraping coverage, and serves as a carrier for high-pressure air delivery. The radial structure with alternating long and short rake arms 15 ensures that the scraper 41 can cover most of the area from the center to the edge of the thickener bottom, with uniform force distribution and stable operation. Designing the rake arm 15 itself as part of the air duct allows the high-pressure air outlet to move with the rake arm, achieving unobstructed dredging without dead zones.

[0035] In this embodiment, the air outlet 13 is located on the rake arm 15. Specifically, the air outlet 13 is located on the facing surface of the rake arm 15 as it rotates in the second direction. The air outlet direction of the air outlet 13 is towards the bottom of the pool. On each rake arm 15, two circular air outlets 13 with a diameter of 6cm are sequentially opened every 1m from the far end to the inward end. Each air outlet 13 is equipped with a one-way valve. The one-way valve can be a spring-loaded mechanical one-way valve of existing products, which is connected to the air outlet 13 by threads. Its working principle is as follows: when the high-pressure air system is working, the air pressure overcomes the spring force to open the valve core, allowing the high-pressure air to be discharged; when the system stops working or the air pressure is insufficient, the spring pushes the valve core to reset and seal, thereby allowing fluid to be discharged only from the inside of the air outlet to the outside, effectively preventing coal slurry water from backflowing and blocking the air duct.

[0036] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "upper", "lower" and "bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this utility model; the directional term "inner" refers to the inside or outside relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0037] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not constitute any limitation on the present utility model. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural transformations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A self-adjusting rake frame device for scraping and collecting material that has settled to the bottom of a thickening tank to a discharge port, characterized in that, include: The rake frame body (1) includes a support frame (11), and the support frame (11) is provided with a support frame air duct (12). The support frame (11) has multiple air outlets (13) on its side wall near the bottom of the pool. The air outlets (13) of each air outlet (13) are directed toward the bottom of the pool. The support frame air duct (12) is connected to the multiple air outlets (13). A high-pressure air system (2) includes a high-pressure air source component (21) and an air supply pipe (22). One end of the air supply pipe (22) is connected to the high-pressure air source component (21), and the other end of the air supply pipe (22) is fixedly connected to the support frame (11). The internal air duct of the air supply pipe (22) is connected to the air duct (12) of the support frame. and a power unit (3), which is used to drive the rake frame body (1) to rotate and lift.

2. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power unit (3) includes a transmission assembly (32), a lifting assembly (33), and a monitoring assembly (31) for monitoring the rake pressure of the rake frame device. The monitoring assembly (31) is electrically connected to the transmission assembly (32) and the lifting assembly (33), respectively. The transmission assembly (32) is used to drive the rake frame body (1) to rotate around the central axis in a first direction or a second direction opposite to the first direction. The lifting assembly (33) is used to adjust the height of the rake frame body (1).

3. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply duct (22) includes a flexible duct (23), a horizontal rigid duct (24), and a vertical rigid duct (25). One end of the flexible duct (23) is connected to one end of the horizontal rigid duct (24), and the other end of the horizontal rigid duct (24) is connected to one end of the vertical rigid duct (25). The other end of the flexible duct (23) is connected to the output end of the high-pressure air source assembly (21). The other end of the vertical rigid duct (25) is fixedly and sealed to the inlet of the support frame air duct (12) of the support frame (11). The horizontal rigid duct (24) is fixedly installed on the thickening tank bridge, and the vertical rigid duct (25) is fixedly installed at the center of the rake frame body (1).

4. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air supply duct (22) also includes a universal joint (26), the rotating end of which is sealed and connected to the vertical rigid duct (25), and the fixed end of which is sealed and connected to the horizontal rigid duct (24).

5. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support frame (11) includes a drive shaft (14) and a rake arm (15). One end of the rake arm (15) is fixed to the side of the drive shaft (14). The rake arm (15) extends outward from the connection with the drive shaft (14) at an angle suitable for scraping the material at the bottom of the pool. The end of the drive shaft (14) away from the bottom of the pool is fixedly connected to the output end of the power unit (3).

6. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are multiple rake arms (15), and the inner ends of the multiple rake arms (15) are all fixed on the same circumference on the side of the transmission shaft (14), and the multiple rake arms (15) are evenly distributed circumferentially with the central axis of the transmission shaft (14) as the center.

7. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rake arm (15) includes two first rake arms (16) and two second rake arms (17). The length of the first rake arm (16) is shorter than that of the second rake arm (17). The first rake arms (16) and the second rake arms (17) are alternately arranged, and the interval angle between adjacent first rake arms (16) and second rake arms (17) in the circumferential direction of the drive shaft (14) is 90°.

8. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air outlet (13) is opened on the rake arm (15), and the air outlet (13) is located on the facing surface of the rake arm (15) rotating in the second direction.

9. The self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each of the air outlets (13) is provided with a one-way valve, which only allows fluid to be discharged from the inside of the air outlet (13) to the outside.

10. A self-adjusting rake frame device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The self-adjusting rake frame device also includes an audible and visual alarm, which is electrically connected to the monitoring component (31).

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