Multistage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multistage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device relates to the field of industrial waste gas management. Aiming at the problem that traditional spray tower gas-liquid contact path is short, uneven coverage, entrainment makes fine powder removal unstable, the utility model provides a multistage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device, the device is constituted the casing by main part and upper clean gas outlet, and the external drive motor is driven through the shaft coupling drive shaft seal and is established cyclone in the cavity, and the nozzle is divided into two layers and is connected with water supply pipeline with rotatable ball joint, and the cooperation valve and circulating pump realize the layered liquid supply, and the bottom water tank mouth back liquid, and the water inlet water replenishment, through cyclone and two stage spray extension contact path, strengthen inertia collision and condensation, make dust-carrying liquid drop tend wall and fall, reduce entrainment and pressure drop, realize the high -efficient stable removal to coarse and fine particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of industrial waste gas treatment, specifically a multi-stage spray cyclone multi-layer wet dust removal device. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for ultra-low emissions and stable compliance in industries such as boilers, metallurgy, building materials, chemicals, and solid waste incineration, wet dust removal has been widely adopted due to its combined cooling, dust removal, and soluble gas absorption characteristics. Commonly used systems in existing projects include spray towers, packed towers, cyclone plate towers, Venturi scrubbers, and combinations thereof with cyclone separators. However, under conditions of high dust loads, wide particle size distributions, and dust that is sticky, prone to scaling, or contains oil and salt, the contradiction between gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, energy consumption, and long-term operational stability in traditional wet scrubbing devices becomes more pronounced. The existing cyclone spray desulfurization and dust removal device (publication number: CN2384670Y) has the following drawbacks and requires further improvement.

[0003] Existing devices generally suffer from the following problems: short gas-liquid contact paths, localized short-circuit flow, and fluctuations in collection efficiency due to "uncovered intermediate areas"; uniform nozzle droplet size, making it difficult to simultaneously address the inertial capture of coarse particles and the coagulation and interception of fine particles; turbulent inlet flow causing uneven distribution within the layer, increased entrainment in the upper part, and frequent scaling of the demister; the spray layer and liquid supply circuit are mostly adjusted as a whole, making it difficult to match different dust loads and particle size distributions according to height zones, resulting in a "one-sided" liquid-gas ratio setting that affects efficiency and increases water consumption and sewage discharge; and fixed nozzle installation angles, making it difficult to quickly correct the coverage area during operation, and requiring long downtime for maintenance and replacement.

[0004] On the other hand, while equipment relying on a single enhancement mechanism can improve instantaneous capture, it is generally accompanied by problems such as large pressure drop, high energy consumption, and severe erosion and wear on pumps and pipelines. At the same time, strong disturbances cause a significant increase in entrained droplets, which increases the load on the demisting section and the risk of scaling, and shortens the operating cycle. After the solid content of the circulating liquid increases, it becomes sensitive to the blockage of nozzles and valves. When there is a lack of zoned return liquid and independent adjustment methods between layers, it is difficult to alleviate the blockage in time, which poses challenges to long-term stable compliance and operation and maintenance cost control. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a multi-stage spray cyclone multi-layer wet dust removal device, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: a multi-stage spray cyclone multi-layer wet dust removal device, wherein the upper part of the main body is provided with a clean air outlet and is fixedly connected to the main body through a flange; a drive motor is provided on the outside of the main body, and the output shaft of the drive motor is coaxially connected to the drive shaft via a coupling; the drive shaft rotates through the side wall of the main body in a sealed manner and is arranged vertically. The nozzles are arranged in two layers inside the main body. The nozzles are rotatably connected to the end of the water supply pipe to adjust the spray direction. The water supply pipe is connected to the outlet of the circulating pump and has branches to the upper and lower nozzles respectively. Valves are installed on the branches and connected in series with the water supply pipe to realize layered opening and closing and flow regulation. The suction inlet of the circulating pump is connected to the water tank opening located at the bottom of the main body. The water inlet is connected to the water supply pipe or the water tank opening via a valve for water replenishment. The transmission mechanism consisting of the drive motor, coupling and drive shaft establishes a swirling flow field in the main body and cooperates with the multi-stage spray formed by the upper and lower nozzles to complete dust removal.

[0007] Preferably, the connection between the nozzle and the water supply pipe is a rotatable ball joint structure, with a ball socket located at the nozzle inlet end and engaging with a ball seat at the end of the water supply pipe branch pipe, and an O-ring seal between them; the nozzle is fastened to the ball seat with screws by a locking cap and the rotatable angle is limited to 0-45°, and the nozzle inlet and the end of the branch pipe are connected by G1 / 2 or M12×1.5 threads.

[0008] Preferably, a sealing seat is provided where the drive shaft passes through the side wall of the main body. The sealing seat is welded to the main body through a circular flange. Eight bolt holes with a diameter of Φ10 to Φ12 are evenly distributed along the bolt hole circle on the circular flange. The drive shaft is provided with a mechanical seal and a labyrinth seal in sequence inside the sealing seat. The diameter of the drive shaft is Φ20 to Φ30.

[0009] Preferably, the drive motor is mounted on a mounting plate on the outside of the main body and fixed to the mounting plate by four M12 bolts; the coupling is a flexible coupling with a plum blossom shape, and both ends of the coupling are connected to the drive motor shaft and the drive shaft by keys and locked by set screws.

[0010] Preferably, the water supply pipeline includes a vertical main pipe and two horizontal branches that lead to the upper and lower spray nozzles respectively. The vertical main pipe is connected to the outlet of the circulating pump by a DN40 flange. The nominal diameter of the horizontal branches is DN25 to DN32, and they are connected to the spray horizontal pipes of their respective layers by clamps or butt welding.

[0011] Preferably, the water tank opening is located at the lowest point of the main body base plate and forms a recessed liquid collection tank. A detachable metal filter screen is installed inside the water tank opening, and the filter screen opening diameter is Φ3~Φ5. The water tank opening is connected to the suction port of the circulating pump through a short pipe with a length of 100~200mm and a diameter of DN40~DN50, and a valve is installed on the short pipe.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention establishes a circumferential airflow within the main body through a drive motor, coupling, and drive shaft. Combined with the layered arrangement of upper and lower nozzles and the rotatable connection of the nozzles to the ends of the water supply pipes, a multi-layered contact path of "swirling, spraying, re-swirling, and re-spraying" is formed within a limited height. On the one hand, it extends the gas-liquid interaction path and increases the relative velocity and collision probability. On the other hand, the independent adjustment of the two branches by valves achieves layered liquid-gas ratio matching, thereby significantly reducing short-circuit flow and uncovered areas in traditional towers, improving efficiency fluctuations caused by uneven flow distribution, and enabling rapid correction of the coverage angle by rotating the nozzles without shutting down the tower, thus stabilizing the capture of dust particles of different sizes.

[0013] This invention introduces swirling energy from the drive shaft side, achieving sufficient turbulent contact under low air-side pressure drop. Combined with the staged liquid supply and adjustable direction of the two-layer nozzles, the dust-laden droplets are attracted to the wall and collect under the action of swirling and gravity, then fall back through the water tank opening, effectively suppressing upper entrainment and reducing the load on the subsequent exhaust channel. At the same time, the layered closed-loop liquid supply and reuse system consisting of the circulating pump, water supply pipeline, and valves ensures collection efficiency while reducing induced draft energy consumption and water consumption, reducing the frequency of external discharge and replacement, alleviating the sensitivity of nozzle clogging caused by fluctuations in the circulating liquid-solid content, and improving the economy and stability of long-term continuous operation. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Main body; 2. Clean air outlet; 3. Drive motor; 4. Drive shaft; 5. Coupling; 6. Nozzle; 7. Water tank opening; 8. Valve; 9. Water inlet; 10. Circulation pump; 11. Water supply pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0017] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0018] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances. Example

[0019] Please see Figure 1 This utility model provides a technical solution: A multi-stage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device is provided. The upper part of the main body 1 is provided with a clean air outlet 2 and is fixedly connected to the main body 1 through a flange. A drive motor 3 is provided on the outside of the main body 1. The output shaft of the drive motor 3 is coaxially connected to the drive shaft 4 via a coupling 5. The drive shaft 4 rotates through the side wall of the main body 1 in a sealed manner and is arranged vertically. The nozzle 6 is divided into upper and lower layers and is arranged in a group inside the main body 1. The nozzle 6 is rotatably connected to the end of the water supply pipe 11 to adjust the spray direction. The water supply pipe 11 is connected to the outlet of the circulating pump 10 and has branches to the upper and lower layers of nozzle 6 respectively. The branches are equipped with valves 8 and connected in series with the water supply pipe 11 to realize layered opening and closing and flow regulation. The suction port of the circulating pump 10 is connected to the water tank opening 7 located at the bottom of the main body 1. The water inlet 9 is connected to the water supply pipe 11 or the water tank opening 7 via the valve 8 for water replenishment. The transmission mechanism consisting of the drive motor 3, the coupling 5 and the drive shaft 4 establishes a swirling flow field in the main body 1 and cooperates with the multi-stage spraying formed by the upper and lower nozzles 6 to complete dust removal.

[0020] As shown in the figure, the dust removal device mainly consists of three parts: the main body and its inlet and outlet, the cyclone generation mechanism, and the spray water supply system. The structure and connection method of each component are as follows: The vortex transmission mechanism consists of a drive motor mounted on the outer side of the main body, secured to a mounting plate on the side wall of the main body and locked with four M12 bolts. The output shaft of the drive motor is coaxially connected to the drive shaft via a flexible coupling, which is keyed and secured with set screws to ensure reliable transmission and vibration damping. The drive shaft is vertically arranged and passes through the sealed side wall of the main body into the housing to generate a rotating airflow field within the main body. A dedicated sealing seat is located where the drive shaft passes through the main body wall, and the sealing seat is welded to the main body wall surface via a circular flange. This flange has eight bolt holes evenly distributed along its circumference, with a diameter of Φ10~Φ12, facilitating the bolting of the sealing seat to the main body for reliable sealing. A dual sealing assembly of a mechanical seal and a labyrinth seal is sequentially installed inside the sealing seat, providing effective leak-proof sealing for the rotating shaft and ensuring no water or air leakage during wet operation. The drive shaft itself has a diameter of Φ20~Φ30, possessing sufficient strength and rigidity to drive the internal vortex elements at high speed. Once activated, the transmission mechanism creates a strong swirling flow field inside the main body, which works in conjunction with the spray system described later to achieve efficient dust removal.

[0021] Spray water supply system: The device contains multiple nozzles arranged vertically in two layers, forming the first and second spray layers. Each layer of nozzles is evenly distributed across the main cross-section, for example, at equal angles around the circumference, to fully cover the airflow cross-section. The nozzles are connected to the branch pipe ends of the water supply pipeline via a rotatable spherical connector. The spherical protrusion at the nozzle inlet inserts into the ball seat at the branch pipe end, and an O-ring is placed between the ball head and the ball seat to ensure a tight seal at the rotatable connection. The nozzle is secured to the ball seat with screws via a locking cap, thus both compressing and sealing the nozzle and limiting its adjustable rotation angle to the range of 0–45°. Through the aforementioned spherical universal connector, each nozzle can be adjusted to spray towards the optimal angle as needed, allowing the water mist to cover the entire cross-sectional space. The nozzle inlet and branch pipe end are connected by standard threads, facilitating installation and replacement. The water supply pipeline consists of a vertical main pipe and two horizontal branch pipes. The vertical main pipe transports water from the circulating pump to the top of the unit, and horizontal branch pipes connect to the upper and lower spray positions, leading to the spray network of each layer. The vertical main pipe is fixed to the outlet of the circulating pump via a DN40 flange to ensure the stability of the high-flow-rate water supply. The nominal diameter of the two horizontal branch pipes is selected from DN25 to DN32 according to the flow requirements, and they are connected to the spray ring pipe of their respective layers via clamps or butt welding to evenly distribute water to all nozzles in that layer. A valve is installed on each branch pipe in series with the water supply pipeline to control the start and stop of the spray and adjust the flow rate for that layer. When the dust concentration is low or when it is necessary to repair the nozzles of a certain layer, the corresponding valve can be closed to stop the spray of that layer, while the other layer can still operate independently, thus achieving graded control. Nozzle plugs or return pipes are provided at the ends of the water supply pipeline system to facilitate draining the pipeline or collecting large, un-atomized water droplets.

[0022] Circulating water tank and pump: A water tank opening for liquid collection is located at the lowest point of the main body. Its structure is a recessed collection trough, ensuring that all liquid collected on the bottom plate flows to this point. A removable metal filter screen is installed at the water tank opening to filter out large particulate impurities in the circulating water. The filter screen has a mesh diameter of Φ3~Φ5 to prevent larger dust particles or silt from entering the pump pipeline and causing blockage and wear. The water tank opening is connected to the suction port of the circulating pump via a short pipe. The short pipe is approximately 100~200mm long and has a diameter of DN40~DN50. A valve is installed on the short pipe to close the circuit and stop the water flow when pump maintenance or filter cleaning is required. The circulating pump is a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump. Its suction port draws water from the water tank opening through the aforementioned short pipe, and its outlet connects to the aforementioned water supply pipeline, thereby transporting the dusty water collected at the bottom to the spray system, achieving water recycling. To maintain a stable water supply, the main unit or water tank is equipped with a water replenishment inlet, which can be controlled by a valve to allow for the inflow of clean water. The inlet is located near the water tank opening or on the water supply pipe. When the circulating water level decreases due to evaporation or carryover, simply opening the valve replenishes the water, ensuring the system's normal operation. The entire spray water supply system is driven by a circulating pump, allowing water to be reused within the device, thus conserving water resources and preventing secondary pollution from wastewater.

[0023] This wet dust removal device utilizes the synergistic effect of mechanical cyclone and multi-stage spraying to efficiently purify dust-laden gas. Its operation process is as follows: 1. Dust-laden gas entry and vortex formation: The dust-laden gas flow to be treated enters the device through the inlet at the bottom of the main body. If the inlet is tangentially arranged, the airflow will rotate and rise along the inner wall of the cylinder; simultaneously, the drive motor starts and drives the vertical drive shaft to rotate at high speed through the coupling, forming a strong rotating airflow field within the main body. The centrifugal force generated by the mechanical rotation causes the airflow to deflect radially towards the peripheral wall, accelerating the circulation of the airflow. This vortex field creates conditions for sufficient gas-liquid contact. When the dust-laden gas enters the vortex field, the dust particles tend to move away from the center of rotation due to centrifugal force, thus accumulating in the area near the cylinder wall.

[0024] 2. First-stage spray dust removal: The upper and lower spray systems can be activated simultaneously or separately as needed. When the dust-laden airflow rises and passes through the lower nozzle area, the corresponding valve opens, and the circulating pump pressurizes water and sends it into that nozzle layer. After multiple nozzles are adjusted to the appropriate orientation via ball joints, they spray a fine water mist in a cone shape, directly spraying towards the airflow. When the high-speed rotating airflow carrying dust passes through the water mist curtain, strong inertial collisions and agglomeration occur: larger dust particles are directly captured by water droplets; fine dust particles are also frequently struck and adhered to the surface of water droplets under turbulent disturbance. The swirling effect further enhances the gas-liquid contact: the rotational motion of the airflow causes the water droplets to also move in a circular motion, generating centrifugal force that throws them outward toward the cylinder wall. In this process, the relative motion path between the gas and the droplets is greatly increased, and the dust and droplets have more opportunities to collide, making it difficult for them to escape. Affected by centrifugal force, most of the dust-laden water droplets are thrown toward the outer wall and adhere to the wall surface to form a water film, which also traps dust particles. The water film flows downwards under gravity and collects in the bottom collection tank. Meanwhile, some fine dust particles that have not yet been captured continue to rise with the airflow.

[0025] 3. Second-stage spray dust removal: The airflow continues to rise into the upper nozzle area. The second-stage spray consists of a set of nozzles with a similar structure and function to the first stage. When the valve in this stage is opened, water is sprayed through the upper nozzles into the rotating, rising dust-laden airflow, forming another annular water mist curtain, achieving secondary interception and capture of the remaining dust. Because the airflow maintains its rotational momentum after passing through the first-stage spray, it remains in a rotating, rising state upon entering the second stage, thus ensuring thorough mixing and contact with the upper spray water mist. After two stages of spray washing, most of the dust has been captured in water droplets and the water film on the wall, and the gas is thoroughly purified.

[0026] 4. Gas-Liquid Separation and Discharge: After multi-stage spray treatment, most of the dust in the dust-laden gas is removed, and water droplets entrained in the airflow are thrown towards the cylinder wall due to the swirling separation effect. A demister can be installed at the top of the main body as needed to further remove residual fine droplets and prevent moisture from being discharged with the clean gas. If no additional demister is installed, the swirling field itself can be used to achieve basic gas-liquid separation before the outlet: under centrifugal force, most water droplets have already collected into a film and adhered to the wall surface, leaving only a small amount of fine moisture to be discharged with the purified gas through the clean gas outlet. The final discharged clean gas has a significantly reduced dust concentration, meeting environmental emission standards; at the same time, its moisture content is very low, with no obvious water mist discharge, and it will not affect subsequent pipelines or the atmosphere.

[0027] 5. Dust-laden liquid circulation treatment: Dust intercepted by the two-stage spray system flows together with water into the collection tank at the bottom of the main unit. After larger particles are removed by a filter, the dust-laden water is pumped out by a circulation pump and returned to the spray pipes. During this circulation process, dust gradually accumulates in the water tank. The tank capacity and drainage design must ensure that there is no overflow or impact on pump operation. When the dust concentration accumulates to a certain level, some wastewater can be periodically discharged from the tank opening or the lowest point of the pipeline and replenished with clean water to maintain the dust removal performance of the circulating water.

[0028] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage spray cyclone multi-layer wet dust removal device, comprising a main body (1), nozzles (6), valves (8) installed on branches, a circulating pump (10), and a water supply pipeline (11), characterized in that: The upper part of the main body (1) is provided with a clean air outlet (2) and is fixedly connected to the main body (1) through a flange; a drive motor (3) is provided on the outside of the main body (1), and the output shaft of the drive motor (3) is coaxially connected to the drive shaft (4) via a coupling (5). The drive shaft (4) rotates through the side wall of the main body (1) in a sealed manner and is arranged vertically. The nozzle (6) is divided into two layers and is set in the interior of the main body (1). The nozzle (6) is rotatably connected to the end of the water supply pipe (11) to adjust the spray direction. The water supply pipe (11) is connected to the outlet of the circulating pump (10) and has branches to the upper and lower nozzles (6) respectively. Valves (8) are set on the branches and connected in series with the water supply pipe (11) to realize layered opening and closing and flow regulation. The suction port of the circulating pump (10) is connected to the water tank opening (7) at the bottom of the main body (1). The water inlet (9) is connected to the water supply pipe (11) or the water tank opening (7) via the valve (8) for water replenishment. The transmission mechanism consisting of the drive motor (3), coupling (5) and drive shaft (4) establishes a swirling flow field in the main body (1) and cooperates with the multi-stage spraying formed by the upper and lower nozzles (6) to complete dust removal.

2. The multi-stage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the nozzle (6) and the water supply pipe (11) is a rotatable ball joint structure. The ball socket is set at the inlet end of the nozzle (6) and cooperates with the ball seat at the end of the branch pipe of the water supply pipe (11). An O-ring seal is set between the two. The nozzle (6) is fastened to the ball seat with screws by locking the pressure cap and the rotation angle is limited to 0 to 45°. The inlet of the nozzle (6) and the end of the branch pipe are connected by G1 / 2 or M12×1.5 thread.

3. The multi-stage spray cyclone multi-layer wet dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive shaft (4) is provided with a sealing seat at the side wall of the main body (1). The sealing seat is welded and fixed to the main body (1) by a circular flange. Eight bolt holes are evenly distributed along the bolt hole circle on the circular flange, with a hole diameter of Φ10~Φ12. The drive shaft (4) is provided with a mechanical seal and a labyrinth seal in sequence in the sealing seat. The diameter of the drive shaft (4) is Φ20~Φ30.

4. The multi-stage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive motor (3) is mounted on the mounting plate on the outside of the main body (1) and fixed to the mounting plate by four M12 bolts; the coupling (5) is a plum blossom elastic coupling, and the two ends of the coupling (5) are connected to the shaft of the drive motor (3) and the drive shaft (4) by key and locked by set screws.

5. The multi-stage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply pipe (11) includes a vertical main pipe and two horizontal branches that lead to the upper and lower nozzles (6) respectively. The vertical main pipe is connected to the outlet of the circulating pump (10) by a DN40 flange. The nominal diameter of the horizontal branches is DN25 to DN32, and they are connected to the spray horizontal pipes of their respective layers by clamps or butt welding.

6. The multi-stage spray cyclone multilayer wet dust removal device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank opening (7) is located at the lowest point of the bottom plate of the main body (1) and forms a recessed liquid collection tank. A detachable metal filter screen is installed inside the water tank opening (7), and the opening diameter of the filter screen is Φ3~Φ5. The water tank opening (7) is connected to the suction port of the circulating pump (10) through a short pipe with a length of 100~200mm and a diameter of DN40~DN50. A valve (8) is installed on the short pipe.

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