High efficiency filtration device

Abstract

The utility model discloses high -efficient filter device including casing and filter assembly, the casing has the inner chamber and the air inlet and the air release port of intercommunication respectively the inner chamber, the filter assembly is installed in the inner chamber, the filter assembly includes the first gas -permeable subassembly, second gas -permeable subassembly, third gas -permeable subassembly and fourth gas -permeable subassembly that set gradually by the air inlet is close to the direction of the air release port, the first gas -permeable subassembly includes condensation structural member, second gas -permeable subassembly includes pressure -relief liquid -absorbing plate, third gas -permeable subassembly includes particulate matter filter core, and fourth gas -permeable subassembly includes gas filter piece. This high -efficient filter device simple novel structure, through the synergic design of casing and four -stage gas -permeable subassembly, can realize " condensation - pressure - relief - intercept - adsorption " continuous processing to harmful fluid of high -temperature high -speed discharge under the external equipment thermal runaway, effectively removes the smoke and harmful gas of harmful thermal runaway generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of filtration equipment technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency filtration device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicle technology, power batteries, as their core power source, are widely used in various electric vehicles. However, power batteries are susceptible to thermal runaway during use, especially under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, short circuits, mechanical damage, or high temperatures, which can easily trigger thermal runaway. Once thermal runaway occurs, the electrolyte, electrode materials, and other organic and inorganic substances inside the battery decompose violently at high temperatures, producing large amounts of toxic and harmful gases (such as hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds) and inhalable particulate matter. This not only poses a serious threat to the health of those around the battery but may also cause secondary fires or environmental pollution. Currently, existing technologies mainly focus on the safety design of the battery itself and the optimization of the thermal management system, but there is still a lack of effective measures to deal with the smoke and harmful gases released after battery thermal runaway. Most vehicles are not equipped with purification and collection devices for such sudden emissions, resulting in the direct release of harmful substances into the environment, posing significant safety hazards and environmental defects. Furthermore, when a battery experiences thermal runaway, the internal pressure of the battery pack increases rapidly in a short period of time. If the pressure is not released in time, the battery pack may explode. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a high-efficiency filtration device that can effectively remove smoke and harmful gases generated by thermal runaway in the event of thermal runaway of external equipment. At the same time, the high-efficiency filtration device can also depressurize the battery pack to reduce the internal pressure of the battery pack.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a high-efficiency filtration device, comprising:

[0005] A housing having an inner cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet respectively communicating with the inner cavity;

[0006] A filter assembly is installed in the inner cavity. The filter assembly includes a first venting component, a second venting component, a third venting component, and a fourth venting component arranged sequentially from the air inlet toward the air outlet. The first venting component includes a condensation structure, the second venting component includes a pressure relief and liquid absorption plate, the third venting component includes a particulate matter filter element, and the fourth venting component includes a gas filter element.

[0007] In one embodiment, the second ventilated component includes a plurality of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plates.

[0008] In one embodiment, at least two of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plates are made of different materials, and the liquid absorption force of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate farther away from the first ventilated component is greater than that of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate closer to the first ventilated component.

[0009] In one embodiment, there are two pressure relief and liquid absorption plates, with the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate closer to the first ventilated component being a felt plate and the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate farther away from the first ventilated component being a fiberboard.

[0010] In one embodiment, the particulate filter element has a pleated structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, the gas filter includes a porous plate, wherein porous adsorption particles are disposed in the pores of the porous plate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the inner surface of the housing and the fourth venting component together form an air cavity communicating with the vent, and an explosion-proof valve is provided at the vent, with a portion of the explosion-proof valve extending into the air cavity.

[0013] In one embodiment, the device further includes a limiting bracket disposed in the air cavity, a portion of the explosion-proof valve extending into the limiting bracket, and the side of the fourth venting component away from the first venting component contacting the limiting bracket.

[0014] In one embodiment, the limiting bracket includes a frame and a plurality of ribs, one end of the explosion-proof valve extends into the central region of the frame, the ribs are located inside the frame and connected to the frame, and a plurality of the ribs are symmetrically arranged, the ribs contacting the fourth ventilated component.

[0015] In one embodiment, the housing is provided with a mounting structure for connecting external components.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The high-efficiency filtration device has a simple and novel structure. Through the coordinated design of the shell and the four-stage venting components, it can achieve continuous "condensation-pressure relief-interception-adsorption" treatment of harmful fluids discharged at high temperature and high speed under extreme conditions such as thermal runaway of power batteries and other equipment. First, the condensation structure of the first venting component rapidly cools and liquefies the high-temperature electrolyte vapor and condensable components, reducing the heat load of the subsequent filter element. The pressure relief and liquid absorption plate of the second venting component, while reducing the airflow speed, captures the condensed droplets and / or some water-soluble acid mist through porous liquid absorption material, preventing droplets from entraining and impacting the subsequent filter element. The particulate filter element of the third venting component mechanically intercepts inhalable particulate matter such as carbon and metal oxides produced by combustion. The system intercepts and prevents the emissions from entering the atmosphere. Finally, the gas filter of the fourth venting component adsorbs gaseous pollutants such as hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds. This effectively traps toxic and harmful components in the thermal runaway emissions inside the device without relying on an external power source, significantly reducing the risk of nearby personnel inhaling toxic substances and decreasing the probability of secondary fires. This fills the gap in existing technologies that "only focus on suppressing battery thermal runaway, neglecting the treatment of harmful and toxic emissions generated by battery thermal runaway." Furthermore, this high-efficiency filtration device is connected to the battery pack, with the air inlet connected to the inner cavity of the battery pack. When the internal pressure of the battery pack increases, the high-efficiency filtration device with a vent can also effectively depressurize the battery pack, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the battery pack. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-efficiency filtration device in Example 1;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-efficiency filtration device of Embodiment 1;

[0020] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the high-efficiency filtration device in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting bracket in the high-efficiency filtration device of Embodiment 1;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a top view of the third air-permeable component in the high-efficiency filtration device of Embodiment 1.

[0023] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0024] 1. Shell; 11. Vent; 12. Air chamber;

[0025] 2. Filter assembly; 21. First ventilated assembly; 22. Second ventilated assembly; 221. Pressure relief and liquid absorption plate; 23. Third ventilated assembly; 24. Fourth ventilated assembly;

[0026] 3. Explosion-proof valve;

[0027] 4. Limiting bracket; 41. Frame; 42. Rib plate; 43. Ring structure;

[0028] 5. Installation structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The purpose, features, and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0031] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture as shown in the attached figure. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0032] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," such descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

[0033] Furthermore, if the meaning of "and / or" in the entire text is to include three parallel solutions, taking "and A / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, and a solution that simultaneously satisfies both A and B. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0034] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The first embodiment of this utility model is: a high-efficiency filtration device, used to intercept, purify and treat the smoke and harmful gases generated by thermal runaway in a timely and effective manner in emergency situations where external equipment such as power batteries and small energy storage batteries experience thermal runaway, wherein the smoke includes particulate matter and / or liquid.

[0037] The high-efficiency filtration device includes a housing 1, a filter assembly 2, and an explosion-proof valve 3. The housing 1 has an inner cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet 11 that are respectively connected to the inner cavity. The explosion-proof valve 3 is located at the air outlet 11. The filter assembly 2 is installed in the inner cavity. The filter assembly 2 includes a first air permeable assembly 21, a second air permeable assembly 22, a third air permeable assembly 23, and a fourth air permeable assembly 24 arranged sequentially from the air inlet toward the air outlet 11. The first air permeable assembly 21 includes a condensation structure, the second air permeable assembly 22 includes a pressure relief and liquid absorption plate 221, the third air permeable assembly 23 includes a particulate matter filter element, and the fourth air permeable assembly 24 includes a gas filter element.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the condensation structure is made of a metal material, preferably a metal mesh, a metal honeycomb panel, etc.

[0039] The second ventilated component 22 includes multiple pressure-relief and liquid-absorbing plates 221. By arranging multiple pressure-relief and liquid-absorbing plates 221 along the airflow direction in the inner cavity, the liquid droplets are intercepted, dispersed, and absorbed step by step. This not only extends the gas-liquid contact path but also prevents a single liquid-absorbing plate from saturating and failing due to excessive instantaneous load. This ensures that the second ventilated component 22 can maintain a low pressure drop and continuous liquid absorption capacity even when the external equipment experiences thermal runaway and sprays high-concentration electrolyte mist, thereby improving the overall filtration stability.

[0040] In some embodiments, all the pressure relief and liquid absorption plates 221 are made of the same material, which facilitates material preparation and reduces warehousing material costs. In other embodiments, at least two of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plates 221 are made of different materials. The liquid adsorption force of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate 221 farther away from the first ventilating component 21 is greater than that of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate 221 closer to the first ventilating component 21. By utilizing the gradient configuration of pressure relief and liquid absorption plates 221 of different materials with stronger downstream liquid adsorption force, the upstream first captures large-diameter droplets with a lower adsorption force and retains a certain degree of air permeability, reducing gas impact force and protecting the particulate filter element. The downstream then deeply absorbs residual fine mist with a higher adsorption force, significantly reducing liquid penetration rate and gas impact force, protecting the particulate filter element from liquid contamination and high-speed airflow impact, thereby ensuring that the function of the particulate filter element is not damaged.

[0041] In this embodiment, there are two pressure-relief liquid-absorbing plates 221. The pressure-relief liquid-absorbing plate 221 closer to the first ventilated component 21 is a felt plate, and the pressure-relief liquid-absorbing plate 221 farther from the first ventilated component 21 is a fiberboard. Using a felt plate as the upstream first-stage liquid-absorbing component, its fluffy structure can quickly trap large droplets and buffer the airflow impact. The downstream fiberboard has a higher density and larger liquid-absorbing capacity, enabling secondary capture of the decelerated residual fine mist. The two-stage combination achieves efficient liquid mist removal and airflow pressure relief within a limited axial dimension, while also being inexpensive and easy to replace, balancing economy and reliability. The felt plate can be made of animal hair or chemical fibers, etc.; the fiberboard can be made of ceramic fibers or chemical fibers, etc.

[0042] Preferably, the particulate filter element has a pleated structure, such as comprising multiple S-shaped structures connected end to end. By pleating the particulate filter element, the effective filtration area is multiplied within the same internal cross-sectional size, allowing fine particles such as carbon soot and metal oxides generated during high-temperature combustion to be effectively trapped at a lower surface flow rate.

[0043] In some embodiments, the gas filter includes a porous plate with porous adsorption particles embedded in its pores. This embedded porous adsorption particles provide both support and adsorption functions for the gas filter. The porous plate provides mechanical strength to resist potential pressure peaks during thermal runaway, while the porous adsorption particles within the pores perform surface adsorption of polar or toxic gases such as hydrogen fluoride and carbon monoxide, achieving structural-functional integration, reducing axial dimensions, and improving purification efficiency per unit volume. Specifically, the porous plate can be a honeycomb plate, etc., and the porous adsorption particles include, but are not limited to, activated carbon and molecular sieves.

[0044] The inner surface of the housing 1 and the fourth venting component 24 together form an air cavity 12 that communicates with the vent 11. A portion of the explosion-proof valve 3 extends into the air cavity 12. The housing 1 and the fourth venting component 24 form the air cavity 12, and the explosion-proof valve 3 is installed at the vent 11. The air cavity 12 can equalize the pressure of the filtered gas after filtration by the filter component 2, preventing excessively fast gas flow in local areas from directly impacting the valve disc and affecting the normal and stable operation of the explosion-proof valve 3. This helps extend the life of the explosion-proof valve 3 and ensures the stability of pressure release. At the same time, the valve body of the explosion-proof valve 3 extends into the air cavity 12, which can provide final turbulence to the filtered gas, making the gas pressure in the air cavity 12 even. It is easy to understand that the air cavity 12 is a portion of the inner cavity.

[0045] The high-efficiency filtration device also includes a limiting bracket 4 disposed in the air chamber 12. A portion of the explosion-proof valve 3 extends into the limiting bracket 4. The side of the fourth venting component 24 away from the first venting component 21 contacts the limiting bracket 4. The limiting bracket 4 can be used as an additional support point to resist the reverse thrust during thermal runaway, prevent the gas filter from being blown off and displaced, and maintain the axial compression and sealing integrity of the four-stage filtration component 2.

[0046] The limiting bracket 4 includes a frame 41 and multiple ribs 42. One end of the explosion-proof valve 3 extends into the central area of ​​the frame 41. The ribs 42 are located inside and connected to the frame 41. Multiple ribs 42 are symmetrically arranged and contact the fourth venting component 24. The limiting bracket 4 adopts a radial structure with a frame 41 and symmetrical ribs 42. The central area provides clearance for the explosion-proof valve 3. The ribs 42 also act as gas straightening blades, which re-homogenize the turbulence passing through the fourth venting component 24 and reduce the lateral force of eddies on the valve disc of the explosion-proof valve 3. The ends of the ribs 42 contact the gas filter element, forming multi-point evenly distributed support, reducing the risk of the particulate filter element breaking due to local stress concentration and improving the overall mechanical reliability.

[0047] Optionally, the limiting bracket 4 further includes a ring structure 43, which connects each of the ribs 42. The ring structure 43 can improve the structural strength of the limiting bracket 4 and enhance its impact resistance. One end of the explosion-proof valve 3 is inserted into the hollow area of ​​the ring structure 43.

[0048] The housing 1 is provided with a mounting structure 5 for connecting external components. With the mounting structure 5 pre-installed on the housing 1, the high-efficiency filter can be quickly assembled and disassembled on existing brackets of external equipment without additional welding or drilling. This facilitates batch assembly on the production line and allows for complete unit replacement in the event of an accident, shortening repair time, reducing maintenance costs, and ensuring the installation position can be repeatedly positioned to ensure the air inlet is always aligned with the exhaust channel of the external equipment, preventing bypass leakage. In this embodiment, the mounting structure 5 includes mounting screws.

[0049] The above are merely optional embodiments of this utility model and do not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the inventive concept of this utility model and the contents of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency filtration device, characterized in that, include A housing having an inner cavity and an air inlet and an air outlet respectively communicating with the inner cavity; A filter assembly is installed in the inner cavity. The filter assembly includes a first venting component, a second venting component, a third venting component, and a fourth venting component arranged sequentially from the air inlet toward the air outlet. The first venting component includes a condensation structure, the second venting component includes a pressure relief and liquid absorption plate, the third venting component includes a particulate matter filter element, and the fourth venting component includes a gas filter element.

2. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second ventilated component includes a plurality of the aforementioned pressure relief and liquid absorption plates.

3. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, At least two of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plates are made of different materials, and the liquid absorption force of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate farther away from the first ventilated component is greater than that of the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate closer to the first ventilated component.

4. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of pressure relief and liquid absorption plates is two. The pressure relief and liquid absorption plate closer to the first ventilated component is a felt board, and the pressure relief and liquid absorption plate farther away from the first ventilated component is a fiberboard.

5. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particulate filter element has a pleated structure.

6. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas filter includes a porous plate, and porous adsorption particles are disposed in the pores of the porous plate.

7. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface of the housing and the fourth venting component together form an air cavity that communicates with the vent. An explosion-proof valve is provided at the vent, and a portion of the explosion-proof valve extends into the air cavity.

8. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a limiting bracket disposed in the air cavity, a portion of the explosion-proof valve extending into the limiting bracket, and the side of the fourth venting component away from the first venting component contacting the limiting bracket.

9. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The limiting bracket includes a frame and multiple ribs. One end of the explosion-proof valve extends into the central area of ​​the frame. The ribs are located inside the frame and connected to the frame. Multiple ribs are symmetrically arranged, and the ribs contact the fourth ventilated component.

10. The high-efficiency filtration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a mounting structure for connecting external components.

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