A flue gas carbon capture system

Abstract

The application discloses a flue gas carbon capture system which adopts solid amine particles to adsorb carbon dioxide in flue gas, and comprises an adsorption device which comprises an upper feeding port, a lower discharging port and a lower flue gas inlet port; the solid amine particles enter the adsorption device from the upper feeding port; the flue gas enters the adsorption device through the lower flue gas inlet port; the flue gas is reacted with the solid amine particles through countercurrent contact to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; a first buffer bin is connected with the lower discharging port and used for buffering the solid amine particles which have adsorbed carbon dioxide; a first desorption device is connected with the first buffer bin and used for desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed in the solid amine particles; and a second buffer bin is connected with the first desorption device and the adsorption device respectively and used for buffering the solid amine particles which have desorbed carbon dioxide and providing the solid amine particles for the adsorption device. The flue gas carbon capture system realizes cyclic regeneration and utilization of the solid amine particles and reduces the use cost of the adsorbent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of carbon capture technology, specifically relating to a flue gas carbon capture system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there is an urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions from industrial flue gas (thermal power, steel, and other industries), making efficient carbon capture technology crucial.

[0003] Among the current mainstream capture technologies, the traditional liquid amine absorption method suffers from problems such as equipment corrosion, solvent loss, and high regeneration energy consumption; while the membrane separation method is limited by material properties and anti-fouling ability, resulting in a narrow range of applications.

[0004] Existing flue gas carbon capture systems still have shortcomings: some materials have insufficient adsorption capacity and cycle stability, high regeneration energy consumption (mostly relying on external energy sources and not making full use of waste heat), and poor adaptability to flue gas with high humidity and impurities, requiring additional pretreatment and increasing costs. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a flue gas carbon capture system that achieves low energy consumption and high adaptability of solid amine particles, thereby promoting technological progress.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: A flue gas carbon capture system, which uses solid amine particles to adsorb carbon dioxide in flue gas, includes: An adsorption device includes an upper feed inlet, a lower discharge inlet, and a lower flue gas inlet; solid amine particles enter the adsorption device through the upper feed inlet; flue gas enters the adsorption device through the lower flue gas inlet; the flue gas reacts with the solid amine particles through countercurrent contact to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The first buffer chamber is connected to the lower discharge port and is used to buffer solid amine particles that have adsorbed carbon dioxide. A first desorption device, connected to the first buffer chamber, is used to desorb carbon dioxide adsorbed from solid amine particles; and The second buffer chamber is connected to both the first desorption device and the adsorption device, and is used to buffer the solid amine particles desorbed from carbon dioxide and to provide solid amine particles to the adsorption device.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes: A dust collector is connected to both the adsorption device and the first buffer chamber; the dust collector performs gas-solid separation on the decarbonized flue gas and discharges solid amine particles into the first buffer chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes: Pretreatment unit, used to cool and dehydrate flue gas; and An adsorption fan is connected to both the pretreatment device and the lower smoke inlet.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: The second desorption device is configured in parallel with the first desorption device and is connected to both the first buffer bin and the second buffer bin.

[0010] Furthermore, both the first desorption device and the first desorption device use low-pressure steam or turbine exhaust steam from the plant as a heat source and cooling water as a cold source.

[0011] Furthermore, when the first desorption device heats and desorbs the solid amine particles within the first desorption device, the second desorption device cools the solid amine particles within the second desorption device; or, when the first desorption device cools the solid amine particles within the first desorption device, the second desorption device heats and desorbs the solid amine particles within the second desorption device.

[0012] Furthermore, the adsorption device is a multi-layer overflow fluidized bed.

[0013] Furthermore, the internal temperature of the multi-layer overflow fluidized bed is less than 60°C. Furthermore, it also includes: The first Roots blower is connected to the inlet of the first buffer chamber and the lower discharge port, respectively; The second Roots blower is connected to the outlet of the first buffer chamber, the inlet of the first desorption device, the outlet of the first desorption device, the inlet of the second desorption device, and the outlet of the second desorption device, respectively; and The third Roots blower is connected to the outlet of the second desorption device and the upper feed port, respectively.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes: A vacuum pump, connected to the first desorption device and the second desorption device respectively, is used to draw in the desorbed carbon dioxide.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: This invention provides a high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption flue gas carbon capture system based on solid amines. Firstly, regarding adsorption efficiency, the multi-layer overflow fluidized bed structure ensures sufficient contact between the flue gas and solid amine particles, significantly improving adsorption efficiency. Simultaneously, it allows for heat recovery to heat boiler feedwater, reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, the counter-current adsorption method enhances the adsorption effect. Secondly, in terms of energy consumption, utilizing the plant's own low-pressure steam or turbine exhaust steam for vacuum drying and desorption reduces regeneration energy consumption and dependence on external energy sources, making the system more economical and environmentally friendly. Thirdly, regarding system complexity and footprint, it comprises only three parts: an adsorption system, a drying system, and a pneumatic conveying system. Its simple structure and small footprint offer higher space utilization and lower equipment costs compared to existing complex flue gas carbon capture systems. Finally, regarding equipment corrosion resistance and wear rate, solid amine particles are non-corrosive to the equipment, resulting in low wear rate, extended equipment lifespan, and reduced maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the application and, together with their description, serve to explain the application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas carbon capture system of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the relationship between the method steps can be sequential or non-sequential, as long as it does not affect the overall technical effect, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. The following description of this application is merely a description of individual embodiments of the technical solution of this application; other embodiments are not shown in the following description, but this does not mean that this application excludes these other embodiments, nor is the technical solution of this application limited to the specific implementations described below, and the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific implementations described below. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] It should be noted that if the terms "first," "second," etc., appear in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application, such descriptions are only used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0020] This application is a flue gas carbon capture system based on solid amines. It adsorbs carbon dioxide in flue gas through solid amine particles. The solid amine particle material (with amine groups loaded on a porous carrier) serves as the core medium and has the advantages of high selectivity, no solvent loss, and no equipment corrosion, thus avoiding the defects of liquid amines.

[0021] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a flue gas carbon capture system 1, which uses solid amine particles to adsorb carbon dioxide in flue gas, including an adsorption device 11, a first buffer chamber 12, a first desorption device 131, a second desorption device 132, a second buffer chamber 14, and a dust collector 15.

[0022] The adsorption device 11 includes an upper feed inlet, a lower discharge inlet, and a lower flue gas inlet; solid amine particles enter the adsorption device 11 through the upper feed inlet; flue gas enters the adsorption device 11 through the lower flue gas inlet; the flue gas reacts with the solid amine particles through countercurrent contact to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0023] The first buffer chamber 12 is connected to the lower discharge port and is used to buffer solid amine particles that have adsorbed carbon dioxide.

[0024] The first desorption device 131 is connected to the first buffer chamber 12 and is used to desorb carbon dioxide adsorbed in solid amine particles.

[0025] The second buffer chamber 14 is connected to the first desorption device 131 and the adsorption device 11 respectively, and is used to buffer the solid amine particles desorbed from carbon dioxide and provide solid amine particles to the adsorption device 11.

[0026] The dust collector 15 is connected to the adsorption device 11 and the first buffer chamber 12 respectively; the dust collector 15 performs gas-solid separation on the decarbonized flue gas and discharges solid amine particles into the first buffer chamber 12.

[0027] The second desorption device 132 is connected in parallel with the first desorption device 131, and is connected to the first buffer chamber 12 and the second buffer chamber 14, respectively. Specifically, both the first desorption device 131 and the first desorption device 132 use low-pressure steam or turbine exhaust steam from the plant as a heat source and cooling water as a cold source. When the first desorption device 131 heats and desorbs the solid amine particles in the first desorption device 131, the second desorption device 132 cools the solid amine particles in the second desorption device 132; or, when the first desorption device 131 cools the solid amine particles in the first desorption device 131, the second desorption device 132 heats and desorbs the solid amine particles in the second desorption device 132.

[0028] In some embodiments, the system further includes a pretreatment device 16 for cooling and dehydrating the flue gas; and an adsorption fan 17 connected to the pretreatment device 16 and the lower flue gas inlet, respectively.

[0029] In some embodiments, the adsorption device 11 is a multi-layer overflow fluidized bed, and the temperature inside the multi-layer overflow fluidized bed is less than 60°C.

[0030] In some embodiments, it also includes: The first Roots blower 181 is connected to the inlet of the first buffer chamber 15 and the lower discharge port, respectively; The second Roots blower 182 is connected to the outlet of the first buffer chamber 15, the inlet of the first desorption device 131, the outlet of the first desorption device 131, the inlet of the second desorption device 132, and the outlet of the second desorption device 132, respectively; and The third Roots blower 183 is connected to the outlet of the second desorption device 132 and the upper feed port, respectively.

[0031] In some embodiments, it also includes: Vacuum pump 19, connected to the first desorption device 131 and the second desorption device 132 respectively, is used to draw and desorb carbon dioxide.

[0032] This application includes an adsorption device 11 and a desorption device 131 / 132, specifically a vacuum drying desorption device. The flue gas in this application is pretreated by the flue gas precooler of the pretreatment device 16. After cooling and dehydration, the flue gas is sent to the air chamber at the bottom of the adsorption device 11 by the adsorption fan 17. It enters the equipment through the air distribution plate and undergoes a chemical adsorption reaction with the solid amine particles in the adsorption device 11 through countercurrent contact. After the reaction, the flue gas is returned to the main flue after dust removal by the dust collector 15. The solid amine particles collected by the filter bag are put into the first buffer bin 12 through the ash discharge valve. The reacted solid amine particles enter the first buffer bin 12 through the discharge port at the bottom of the adsorption device 11. The material in the first buffer bin 12 is sent to the desorption device 131 / 132 by the pneumatic conveying system. It is dried and desorbed by heating with low-pressure steam or turbine exhaust steam in the plant. It is then sent to the adsorption device 11 again by pneumatic conveying to participate in the reaction again, thereby realizing the recycling and reuse of solid amine particles and reducing the use cost of solid amine particles.

[0033] This application significantly improves the cycle stability and adsorption capacity of solid amine granular materials by precisely controlling the adsorption and desorption processes. Simultaneously, utilizing the plant's own low-pressure steam or turbine exhaust steam for vacuum drying and desorption effectively reduces regeneration energy consumption and avoids significant external energy consumption. Furthermore, the system design considers adaptability to high-humidity and impurity-laden flue gas; by optimizing pretreatment processes and material selection, the need for additional pretreatment is reduced, thereby lowering overall operating costs. This innovative design not only addresses many shortcomings of existing solid amine granular systems but also provides strong support for the large-scale application of flue gas carbon capture technology.

[0034] The adsorption device 11 of this application is a multi-layer overflow fluidized bed structure. The number of bed layers can be determined according to the capture rate. The bottom of the device is an air inlet chamber. Each layer is equipped with an air distribution plate to support the solid amine particles and ensure uniform fluidization distribution. An overflow device is arranged between adjacent layers. The device is fed from the top and discharged from the bottom. Cooling water pipes are arranged between each layer to maintain the material temperature during operation. Since the solid amine particles undergo an exothermic reaction during the adsorption stage, the heat release is not large, with a maximum temperature of 80-90℃. The cooling water between the bed layers can be demineralized water from the plant. During the operation of the adsorption device, the temperature inside the bed is controlled to be less than 60℃ by adjusting the cooling water flow rate and fluidizing air volume. At the same time, the cooling water after heat exchange returns to the boiler feedwater system to increase the feedwater temperature and reduce energy consumption. The overall structure is relatively simple and easy to operate. The operation of the device does not involve high energy consumption, thus reducing energy consumption.

[0035] The desorption equipment 131 / 132 of this application is a vacuum drying equipment, designed to operate in pairs, one in the heating desorption state and the other in the desorption completion and cooling stage. The equipment uses steam as the heat medium and can use low-pressure steam in the plant or exhaust steam from the steam turbine as the heat source. At the same time, the operating temperature of the equipment is between 120-130℃, which reduces the amount of steam used and saves energy. The final condensate can be discharged into the boiler drain system for recycling.

[0036] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims. The selected and described embodiments are intended to best elucidate the principles of this application and its practical application, thereby enabling other those skilled in the art to best utilize this application with various modifications suitable for the contemplated specific purpose, as well as the various described embodiments.

Claims

1. A flue gas carbon capture system, comprising using solid amine particles to adsorb carbon dioxide in flue gas, characterized in that, include: The adsorption device includes an upper feed inlet, a lower discharge outlet, and a lower flue gas inlet; solid amine particles enter the adsorption device through the upper feed inlet; Flue gas enters the adsorption device through the lower flue gas inlet; the flue gas reacts with solid amine particles through countercurrent contact to adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas; The first buffer chamber is connected to the lower discharge port and is used to buffer solid amine particles that have adsorbed carbon dioxide. A first desorption device, connected to the first buffer chamber, is used to desorb carbon dioxide adsorbed from solid amine particles; and The second buffer chamber is connected to both the first desorption device and the adsorption device, and is used to buffer the solid amine particles desorbed from carbon dioxide and to provide solid amine particles to the adsorption device.

2. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The dust collector is connected to both the adsorption device and the first buffer chamber. The dust collector performs gas-solid separation on the decarbonized flue gas and discharges solid amine particles into the first buffer chamber.

3. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A pretreatment device is used to cool and dehydrate the flue gas. as well as An adsorption fan is connected to both the pretreatment device and the lower smoke inlet.

4. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second desorption device is configured in parallel with the first desorption device and is connected to both the first buffer bin and the second buffer bin.

5. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the first desorption device and the first desorption device use low-pressure steam or turbine exhaust steam from the plant as heat sources and cooling water as cold sources.

6. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the first desorption device heats and desorbs the solid amine particles in the first desorption device, the second desorption device cools the solid amine particles in the second desorption device; or, when the first desorption device cools the solid amine particles in the first desorption device, the second desorption device heats and desorbs the solid amine particles in the second desorption device.

7. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption device is a multi-layer overflow fluidized bed.

8. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature inside the multi-layer overflow fluidized bed is less than 60°C.

9. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The first Roots blower is connected to the inlet of the first buffer chamber and the lower discharge port, respectively; The second Roots blower is connected to the outlet of the first buffer chamber, the inlet of the first desorption device, the outlet of the first desorption device, the inlet of the second desorption device, and the outlet of the second desorption device, respectively. as well as The third Roots blower is connected to the outlet of the second desorption device and the upper feed port, respectively.

10. The flue gas carbon capture system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A vacuum pump, connected to the first desorption device and the second desorption device respectively, is used to draw in the desorbed carbon dioxide.

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