Conical head structure for chemical fertilizer extruder

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of chemical fertilizer production, and disclose a kind of conical head structure for chemical fertilizer extruder, comprising: cover body, the end portion of cover body is equipped with first flange, and the other end of cover body is equipped with a plurality of shaping discharge hole;Flow guide structure, set in the cavity of cover body for extruding material, flow guide structure includes compression core and rib, compression core includes two taper cone of different taper, compression core is fixedly installed in the inner wall of cover body by rib, and compression core can extrude and evenly disperse material;Discharge assembly, by variable taper flow guide cone initiative guide edge material, cooperate the streamline design of support rib, realized full cross section no dead zone flow, avoid the blockage and product pollution caused by material stagnation metamorphism, the uniform pressure and flow rate make the consistency of extruded particle density, strength, size extremely high, and rib can provide support for compression core, also can shear material flowing into cover body, reduce flow resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fertilizer production technology, and in particular to a conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder. Background Technology

[0002] After the feed is mixed, it needs to be granulated using a screw extruder. The conical head is one of the shaping parts of the extruder.

[0003] A prior art extruder conical head (publication number: CN119141717A) is disclosed, including a feeding box, an outer protective cylinder, an auger, a grooved material cylinder, and a cutting device. The feeding box is connected to the outer protective cylinder, and the upper end of the feeding box has an open structure. The auger is installed inside the feeding box and the outer protective cylinder. A support ring is fixedly connected to one side of the outer protective cylinder, and one end of the discharge circle is fixedly connected to the other side of the support ring. An end plate is sealed to one side of the grooved material cylinder, and an arc-shaped guide plate is fixedly connected to the end plate. A discharge groove is opened inside the grooved material cylinder, and a discharge hole is opened inside the discharge groove. A variable frequency motor extends with a motor shaft, and a connecting circle is formed at the end of the connecting rod. The connecting circle is connected to the motor shaft, and the other end of the connecting rod extends to the outside of the grooved material cylinder. The blade holder is fixedly connected to the other end of the connecting rod.

[0004] Simple conical cavities are difficult to effectively guide and distribute materials, resulting in high material flow rate and high pressure in the central area, while the peripheral area is prone to forming flow "dead zones", causing material stagnation, deterioration or even blockage. Due to uneven pressure and flow rate distribution, the extruded particles have poor uniformity in density, length and strength, resulting in low yield.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a conical head structure for fertilizer extruders. Utility Model Content

[0006] The present invention mainly addresses the technical problem of uneven material flow rate and pressure affecting particle quality by providing a conical head structure for fertilizer extruders.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: a conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder, comprising: The cover body has a first flange fixedly installed at one end, and several discharge holes for shaping are opened at the other end of the cover body. A flow guiding structure is set inside the cavity of the cover for compressing materials. The flow guiding structure includes a compression core and ribs. The compression core includes two cones with different tapers. The compression core is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cover by the ribs. The compression core can compress and evenly disperse the materials. The discharge assembly is located at the end of the cover and is used to change the length-to-diameter ratio of the discharge hole.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the compression core includes a first cone and a second cone, the center of the compression core and the center of the cover are located on the same axis, the first cone and the second cone are integrally formed, the cone angle of the first cone is greater than 90 degrees, and the cone angle of the second cone is smaller than that of the first cone.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the two ends of the rib are fixed to the compression core and the cover body respectively by welding. The top of the compression core forms an upwardly convex arc surface, and the thickness of the compression core decreases uniformly from one end of the cover body to the other end.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the discharge hole includes a feeding section and a forming section, wherein the feeding section is a conical hole and the forming section is a round hole.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the discharge assembly includes a second flange and several detachable stacked plates. The second flange is fixedly connected to the cover, and the stacked plates are locked to the second flange by bolts. The second flange is provided with evenly spaced perforations.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the second flange is fixed to the outer wall of the cover body by full welding, and several mounting holes are provided through the end of the laminated plate, with bolts passing through the mounting holes and threadedly connected to the second flange.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the stacked plate is a circular hole, the diameter of the stacked plate is equal to that of the discharge hole, and multiple through holes are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence with the discharge hole.

[0014] This utility model provides a conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This conical head structure for fertilizer extruders, through optimized design of the compression core, forces materials to achieve uniform flow and pressure distribution across the entire cross-section within the conical head. This fundamentally solves the problem of inconsistent particle density and strength caused by uneven flow, significantly improving product qualification rate and effectively eliminating blockages and stagnation. The streamlined compression core, combined with the airfoil ribs, ensures "first-in, first-out" material flow with no dead zones, greatly reducing the risk of blockages caused by material stagnation and deterioration, and improving the continuity and stability of equipment operation.

[0015] 2. This fertilizer extruder features a conical head structure and a unique stacked discharge assembly design. This allows for online, stepless adjustment of the length-to-diameter ratio of the discharge hole simply by increasing or decreasing the number of standard stacked blades, without replacing any major components. This gives the equipment extremely high production flexibility, enabling it to quickly respond to the production requirements of different products and saving time and costs associated with changing molds.

[0016] 3. The conical head structure of this fertilizer extruder, with its fluid dynamics-compliant flow channel design (compression core and secondary discharge hole), makes the material flow smoother, effectively reducing the load on the main motor of the extruder. At the same time, the reduced downtime for cleaning and die changing directly improves the overall production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the overall perspective views of this utility model; Figure 2 This is the second overall perspective view of the present utility model; Figure 3 This is a partial sectional view of the cover body of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the compression core and ribs of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the stacked sheets of this utility model.

[0018] Legend: 10. Cover; 11. First flange; 12. Discharge hole; 20. Compression core; 21. Rib; 30. Second flange; 31. Laminated plate; 32. Perforation; 33. Mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] A conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: The cover 10 has a first flange 11 fixedly installed at one end. The other end of the cover 10 has several discharge holes 12 for shaping. The discharge holes 12 include a feeding section and a forming section. The feeding section is a conical hole and the forming section is a round hole. The cover 10 is funnel-shaped. By opening several discharge holes 12 at the smaller end of the cover 10, the constricted opening design of the feeding end facilitates the entry of feed, while the forming section can provide sufficient back pressure to ensure the density of feed particles. At the same time, the two-section design of the discharge holes 12 is more in line with fluid dynamics and reduces the probability of material blockage.

[0020] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a flow guiding structure is set inside the cavity of the cover 10 for compressing materials. The flow guiding structure includes a compression core 20 and ribs 21. The compression core 20 includes two cones with different tapers. The compression core 20 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cover 10 by the ribs 21. The compression core 20 can compress and evenly disperse the materials. The compression core 20 includes a first cone and a second cone. The center of the compression core 20 and the cover 10 are located on the same axis. The first cone and the second cone are integrally formed. The cone angle of the first cone is greater than 90 degrees, preferably 90 to 120 degrees. The cone angle of the second cone is smaller than that of the first cone, preferably 15 to 30 degrees. The two ends of the ribs 21 are fixed to the compression core 20 and the cover 10 by welding respectively. The top of the compression core 20 forms an upwardly convex arc surface. The thickness of the compression core 20 decreases evenly from one end of the cover 10 to the other end. In this design, the feed fluid entering the larger port of the cover 10 is mainly squeezed by the first cone with a larger taper, so that the feed fluid has sufficient pressure when it flows to the smaller port of the cover 10. The second cone ensures that the feed is evenly dispersed when it flows to the smaller port of the cover 10, and each discharge hole 12 can stably feed. The variable taper guide cone actively guides the edge material. With the streamlined design of the support ribs, the flow is achieved without dead zones in the whole cross section, avoiding blockage and product contamination caused by material retention and deterioration. The uniform pressure and flow rate result in extremely high uniformity of extruded particle density, strength and size. The ribs 21 can not only provide support for the compression core 20, but also shear the material flowing into the cover 10, reducing flow resistance.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the discharge assembly is located at the end of the cover 10 to change the length-to-diameter ratio of the discharge hole 12. The discharge assembly includes a second flange 30 and several detachable stacked plates 31. The second flange 30 is fixedly connected to the cover 10. The stacked plates 31 are locked to the second flange 30 by bolts. The second flange 30 is evenly provided with through holes 32. The second flange 30 is fixed to the outer wall of the cover 10 by full welding. Several mounting holes 33 are provided through the ends of the stacked plates 31. Bolts pass through the mounting holes 33 and are threaded to the second flange 30. The stacked plates 31 are round holes. The diameter of the stacked plates 31 is equal to that of the discharge hole 12. The multiple through holes 32 are distributed one-to-one with the discharge hole 12. In this scheme, the thickness of the end of the cover 10 determines the depth of the discharge hole 12, and the length of the forming section of the discharge hole 12 affects the pressure of the feed and thus the density. Therefore, the length of the forming section of the discharge hole 12 can be changed by increasing or decreasing the number of stacked plates 31. The number of second flanges 30 can be adjusted by fastening bolts through the through holes 32 and the threaded holes of the second flange 30. The length-to-diameter ratio can be changed by distributing multiple through holes 32 and discharge holes 12 accordingly. The density of the feed can be flexibly adjusted according to production needs.

[0022] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The mixed fertilizer raw materials, propelled by a screw conveyor, enter from the large end of the cover 10. They first encounter the end of the first cone (cone angle > 90°) of the compression core 20, which acts as a highly efficient "material distributor," smoothly guiding the potentially unevenly distributed material from the inlet circumferentially, effectively eliminating the velocity difference between the center and the edge and preventing dead zones. The material then enters an annular flow channel with a uniformly decreasing cross-sectional area, formed by the second cone (cone angle 15°-30°) of the compression core 20 and the inner wall of the cover 10. Within this channel, the material is smoothly and gradually compressed, with pressure and density increasing uniformly, and is evenly conveyed to the inlets of each discharge port 12. The material enters the conical feed section of the discharge port 12. This structure significantly reduces inlet resistance, making it easier for the material to enter. Subsequently, the material undergoes shearing and compression within the circular forming section, ultimately forming dense cylindrical particles.

[0023] Aspect Ratio Adjustment: By increasing or decreasing the number of laminations 31 fastened to the second flange 30, the actual effective length (i.e., aspect ratio) of the forming section of the discharge hole 12 can be continuously and precisely changed. Increasing the number of laminations increases the aspect ratio, resulting in stronger back pressure and shear forces on the particles, making them denser; conversely, decreasing the number of laminations results in looser particles. This allows operators to quickly adapt to different formulations or product specifications without stopping the machine to change molds.

[0024] It should be specified that there are 3-4 ribs 21, which are evenly distributed along the circumference. The cross-sectional shape of the ribs 21 is streamlined (airfoil), with a smooth leading edge and a pointed trailing edge, in order to minimize the flow resistance to the material.

[0025] The minimum gap between the compression core 20 and the inner wall of the cover 10, for example: "The annular gap between the end of the second cone and the inner wall of the cover 10 is controlled at 5-10 mm to ensure sufficient back pressure and uniform material flow."

[0026] The feeding section is a tapered hole with a cone angle of 60°-90°, and the initial length-to-diameter ratio of the forming section (without the addition of stacked sheets 31) is designed to be 4:1 to 6:1. The cover (10) and the compression core (20) are forged from 42CrMo alloy steel and tempered to ensure strength.

[0027] All surfaces in contact with the material (especially the inner wall of the discharge hole 12) must be polished and treated to a high degree of smoothness. The surface roughness Ra value of the discharge hole 12 and the inner wall of the cover 10 shall not exceed 0.8μm, and they shall be nitrided or hard chrome plated to enhance wear resistance and corrosion resistance.

[0028] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder, characterized in that, include: Cover (10), with a first flange (11) fixedly installed at one end of the cover (10), and a plurality of discharge holes (12) for shaping are provided at the other end of the cover (10). A flow guiding structure is set inside the cavity of the cover (10) for extruding materials. The flow guiding structure includes a compression core (20) and ribs (21). The compression core (20) includes two cones with different tapers. The compression core (20) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cover (10) by the ribs (21). The compression core (20) can extrude and evenly disperse the materials. The discharge assembly is located at the end of the cover (10) to change the length-to-diameter ratio of the discharge hole (12).

2. The conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression core (20) includes a first cone and a second cone. The center of the compression core (20) and the cover (10) are located on the same axis. The first cone and the second cone are integrally formed. The cone angle of the first cone is greater than 90 degrees, and the cone angle of the second cone is smaller than that of the first cone.

3. The conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the rib (21) are fixed to the compression core (20) and the cover (10) respectively by welding. The top of the compression core (20) forms an upward convex arc surface. The thickness of the compression core (20) decreases evenly from one end of the cover (10) to the other end.

4. The conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge hole (12) includes a feeding section and a forming section. The feeding section is a conical hole and the forming section is a round hole.

5. The conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge assembly includes a second flange (30) and several detachable stacked plates (31). The second flange (30) is fixedly connected to the cover (10), and the stacked plates (31) are locked to the second flange (30) by bolts. The second flange (30) has evenly spaced perforations (32).

6. The conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second flange (30) is fixed to the outer wall of the cover (10) by full welding. Several mounting holes (33) are opened through the end of the lamination (31). Bolts pass through the mounting holes (33) and are threaded to the second flange (30).

7. The conical head structure for a fertilizer extruder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stacked plate (31) is a round hole, and the diameter of the stacked plate (31) is equal to that of the discharge hole (12). Multiple through holes (32) are distributed one-to-one with the discharge hole (12).

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