A gas distributor nozzle that prevents backflow of slurry from plugging the gas supply conduit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of gas distributor nozzles of preventing slurry backflow and blocking gas supply pipeline, belong to reactor design technical field.Gas distributor nozzle includes inside flared hole, vertical cylindrical base with axial two ends opening, conical core and inside cylindrical hole, axial two ends opening, vertical cylindrical top cover with baffle in upper portion.Conical core top is placed in the base hole downward, and top cover lower end is fixed by thread connection with base upper end.When gas inlet, gas flows into base hole from bottom to top, and conical core is pushed to move upward, and forms gas inlet passage.When gas inlet pressure reduces or stops, conical core falls downward and makes gas inlet passage contract or even completely close, and prevents slurry backflow into gas supply pipeline.By adjusting nozzle structure parameter, gas emission direction can be changed, so that radial gas distribution in reactor is more uniform.The above-mentioned nozzle has high reliability, and component structure is simple, easy to manufacture, install and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a gas distributor nozzle for preventing slurry backflow and blockage of gas supply pipelines, particularly suitable for heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reactors or other industrial scenarios requiring prevention of liquid backflow. It belongs to the field of reactor design technology. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy oil is a colloidal solution with extremely poor fluidity, and its hydrogenation reaction is often carried out in a slurry bed reactor. However, the asphaltenes in heavy oil are prone to flocculation and deposition. When the reactor stops supplying gas or the gas pressure is unstable, the slurry may flow back into the gas supply pipeline, leading to deposition, coking, and blockage, causing reactor failure and safety hazards. Existing technologies to prevent backflow include adding shielding components (such as the cap design in patent CN115744916A) or using elastic components (such as the spring control for opening and closing in patent CN219898603U), but these solutions suffer from complex structures, low reliability, and high precision requirements. For example, patent CN119386768A uses a core-joint device that relies on gravity to control opening and closing, but the moving parts are susceptible to particulate contamination and malfunction.

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a gas distributor nozzle with a simple structure and high reliability. By optimizing the fit between the cone core and the base, the use of elastic components is avoided, thus achieving efficient anti-clogging. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a gas distributor nozzle that prevents slurry backflow from clogging the gas supply pipeline.

[0005] The nozzle consists of three parts: a base, a cone core, and a top cover. It utilizes gravity to control opening and closing, forming a gas channel during air intake and automatically closing when air supply stops, effectively preventing slurry backflow. Its core advantages include: simple structure, ease of manufacturing and installation, high reliability, and the ability to optimize gas distribution by adjusting parameters (such as the cone apex angle).

[0006] Specifically, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A gas distributor nozzle for preventing slurry backflow and clogging of the gas supply pipeline, comprising: The base is a vertical cylindrical shape with openings at both ends along the axis and a funnel-shaped channel inside. The cone-shaped core is movably disposed within the channel of the base, with the cone apex facing downwards. The top cover is a vertical cylindrical shape with openings at both ends along the axis and cylindrical channels inside. The top cover is connected to the base. The cone core moves up and down within the base channel in response to the air intake pressure to form a gas channel when air is intake, and falls back and seals the channel when air is stopped, thereby preventing slurry backflow.

[0007] In one embodiment of this utility model, the upper part of the flared channel of the base is an inverted frustum shape and the lower part is a cylinder shape; In this case, the lower base circle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel coincides with the upper base circle of the cylindrical channel, and the cone apex of the inverted frustum-shaped channel is located inside the cylindrical channel.

[0008] In one embodiment of this utility model, the diameter of the upper bottom surface of the inverted frustum-shaped channel is D1, and the diameter of the lower bottom surface is D2, satisfying that D2 < D1.

[0009] In one embodiment of this utility model, the cone apex angle of the cone core is equal to the cone apex angle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base, and the bottom diameter of the cone core is D3, satisfying D2 < D3 < D1.

[0010] In one embodiment of this utility model, the apex angle of the frustum-shaped channel of the base and the apex angle of the cone core are both α, satisfying 30°<α<120°.

[0011] In one embodiment of this utility model, the cone apex angle α satisfies 45°≤α≤90°.

[0012] In one embodiment of this utility model, the bottom diameter of the cylindrical channel of the top cover is D4, which satisfies D4 > D1.

[0013] In one embodiment of this utility model, a baffle is provided on the upper part of the top cover. The baffle is cross-shaped and is used to limit the upward height of the cone core.

[0014] In one embodiment of this utility model, the width of the baffle is L, which satisfies L < D4 / 5.

[0015] In one embodiment of this utility model, the base and the top cover are fixed by a threaded connection, and the nozzle is vertically mounted on the gas distributor through the second external thread at the lower end of the base, which is suitable for the heavy oil hydrogenation reaction process in a slurry bed reactor.

[0016] The beneficial effects that this application can produce include: 1) This utility model effectively avoids the problem of slurry backflow and blockage of the gas supply pipeline caused by the reduction or cessation of air intake pressure during the operation of the nozzle of the gas distributor through the design and optimization of the nozzle structure.

[0017] 2) The gas distributor nozzle provided by this utility model is assembled from three parts: an independent base, a cone core, and a top cover. Each part has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, install, and use, and has higher reliability.

[0018] 3) The gas distributor nozzle provided by this utility model can adjust various structural parameters as needed to meet the requirements of gas distribution in the reactor under different reaction conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the gas distributor nozzle in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conical core structure of the gas distributor nozzle in one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top cover structure of the gas distributor nozzle in one embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the gas distributor nozzle in one embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the change in gas content within a 100mm radius around the nozzle as a function of air intake time when using a gas distributor nozzle with different base frustoconical channel cone apex angles in one embodiment of this application. Figure label: 1-Base; 2-Conical core; 3-Top cover; 4-First external thread; 5-Second external thread; 6-Internal thread; 7-Upper surface of base; 8-Bottom surface of conical core; 9-Gas outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present application is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to these embodiments.

[0021] This invention provides a gas distributor nozzle to prevent slurry backflow from clogging the gas supply pipeline. Using this nozzle can prevent slurry from backflowing into the gas supply pipeline and causing blockage.

[0022] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The gas distributor nozzle mentioned above, which prevents slurry backflow and blockage of the gas supply pipeline, consists of three independent bases 1, a cone core 2, and a top cover 3 assembled into a gas distributor nozzle.

[0023] The aforementioned base 1 is a vertical cylindrical structure with an internal trumpet-shaped channel and openings at both axial ends. The upper part of the channel is an inverted frustum, and the lower part is cylindrical. The lower base circle of the inverted frustum channel coincides with the upper base circle of the cylindrical channel. The apex of the inverted frustum channel is located inside the cylindrical channel, and the apex angle is α. The diameters of the upper and lower bases of the inverted frustum channel are D1 and D2, respectively, where D2 < D1.

[0024] The base 1 has a first external thread 4 and a second external thread 5 at its upper and lower ends, respectively. The first external thread 4 at the upper end is used to connect the base 1 and the top cover 3, and the second external thread 5 at the lower end is used to connect the base 1 and the gas distributor.

[0025] The aforementioned cone core 2 is conical, and its cone apex angle is equal to the cone apex angle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1. The diameter of the bottom surface is D3, where D2 < D3 < D1.

[0026] The top cover 3 is a vertical cylindrical shape with openings at both ends along the axis. A cross-shaped baffle is provided on the upper part. The channel of the top cover 3 is cylindrical with a bottom diameter of D4. The lower end of the cylindrical channel is provided with an internal thread 6 for connecting the top cover 3 and the base 1.

[0027] Please refer to the details. Figure 1-5 Detailed explanation: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the base 1 of a gas distributor nozzle used to prevent slurry backflow from clogging the gas supply pipeline.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 The base 1 is a vertical cylinder with an internal trumpet-shaped channel and openings at both axial ends. The upper part of the channel is an inverted frustum, and the lower part is cylindrical. The lower base of the inverted frustum coincides with the upper base of the cylindrical channel, and the cone apex A of the inverted frustum is located at the center of the cylindrical channel, with a cone apex angle α = 60°. The diameter of the upper base of the inverted frustum is D1 = 49 mm, and the diameter of the lower base is D2 = 14 mm. A first external thread 4 and a second external thread 5 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the base 1.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cone core 2 structure of the gas distributor nozzle mentioned above.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 2 The cone core 2 is conical, and its cone apex angle is equal to the cone apex angle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1. The bottom diameter D3 = 43mm.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the top cover 3 of the gas distributor nozzle.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 3 The top cover 3 is a vertical cylinder with a cylindrical channel with a bottom diameter of D4=60mm, open at both ends axially, and a cross-shaped baffle with a width of L=10mm at the top. The lower end of the cylindrical channel is provided with an internal thread 6.

[0033] Figure 4 This diagram further illustrates the assembly relationship between the base 1, the cone core 2, and the top cover 3.

[0034] For details, please refer to Figure 4The above three parts are assembled into the gas distributor nozzle of this utility model through the following process to prevent slurry backflow and blockage of the gas supply pipeline.

[0035] Step 1: Insert the cone core 2 with its cone tip facing down into the hole of the base 1 from the upper opening of the base 1. The conical surface of the cone core 2 will naturally contact the inner wall of the inverted frustum-shaped hole of the base 1. Step 2: Place the top cover 3 on the base 1, and screw the internal thread 6 of the top cover 3 into the first external thread 4 at the upper end of the base 1 until it is tight, so that the base 1 and the top cover 3 are connected and fixed.

[0036] The gas distributor nozzle obtained through the above assembly process is further installed vertically upward on the gas distributor through the second external thread 5 at the lower end of the base 1.

[0037] The gas distributor nozzles described above are immersed in the slurry during operation.

[0038] When no air is intake, due to its own weight and slurry pressure, the conical surface of the cone core 2 fits tightly against the inner wall of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1, preventing slurry from entering the air supply pipe. During air intake, pressurized gas flows upwards from the bottom surface of the cylindrical channel of the base 1, pushing the cone core 2 upwards to form an intake channel. The cross-shaped baffle of the top cover 3 limits the upward height of the cone core 2 and prevents it from being blown out of the nozzle. When the intake pressure decreases or air intake stops, the thrust of the gas on the cone core 2 decreases, causing the cone core 2 to fall downwards and contract or even completely close the intake channel. Therefore, slurry cannot flow back into the air supply pipe.

[0039] The gas distributor nozzle for preventing slurry backflow and clogging of the gas supply pipeline described in this invention is suitable for heavy oil slurry bed hydrogenation reaction processes. This solution can also be used in other situations to prevent liquid backflow.

[0040] As one of the core components of a slurry bed reactor, the gas distributor needs to ensure uniform distribution of gaseous reactants within the reactor and high mass and heat transfer efficiency. To achieve these goals, this invention further optimizes the structure of each part of the aforementioned nozzle.

[0041] Furthermore, the direction of gas ejection from the nozzle can be changed by adjusting the apex angle of the frustum-shaped channel in base 1. A larger apex angle facilitates lateral gas movement towards the nozzle, resulting in a more uniform radial gas distribution in the slurry bed reactor. However, an excessively large apex angle may cause interference between the gas streams ejected from adjacent nozzles in the nozzle array on the gas distributor, affecting the overall gas distribution within the reactor.

[0042] Furthermore, an excessively large cone apex angle also results in a significant difference in wall thickness between the upper and lower parts of the base 1, thereby increasing the difficulty of processing. Taking both of the above factors into consideration, the solution provided by this utility model limits the cone apex angle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1 and the cone apex angle α of the cone core to 30°<α<120°, preferably 45°≤α≤90°.

[0043] In the above technical solution, the bottom diameter D4 of the cylindrical channel of the top cover 3 and the top diameter D1 of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1 must satisfy the condition D4 > D1. This design is to avoid the top cover obstructing the ejected gas, thereby ensuring unobstructed airflow and optimal jet propulsion.

[0044] Reducing the width of the cross-shaped baffle on the top cover 3 can increase the gas outlet area, which is beneficial for gas dispersion in the slurry bed hydrogenation reactor. Therefore, the technical solution provided by this utility model limits the width L of the cross-shaped baffle on the top cover to < (D4 / 5).

[0045] It should be noted that the technical solution provided by this utility model can effectively prevent slurry from flowing back into the gas supply pipeline and causing blockage. The most significant difference between the nozzle structure of this solution and the structures provided by existing patent documents CN219898603U and CN116786286A is that the technical solution provided by this utility model avoids the use of elastic components such as springs, and instead utilizes gravity to control the opening and closing state of the gas nozzle. This structure is not only simpler and easier to use, but also more reliable.

[0046] Achieving reliable coordination between moving and limiting components is a key challenge in designing nozzles that rely on gravity for opening and closing. In traditional designs, achieving this often necessitates sacrificing spray performance or increasing the complexity of the nozzle structure.

[0047] For example, in patent document CN109317058A, a three-way pipe design with a transversely obliquely cut jet pipe was adopted to ensure smooth movement of the spherical component, requiring that the diameters of the three pipe sections be different. Such a nozzle has a complex manufacturing process and requires high machining precision. Furthermore, the aforementioned nozzle is only suitable for downward jetting, limiting its spray range.

[0048] For example, in patent document CN119386768A, the lower plug, which functions to block the gas passage, is designed to slide and seal within a cylindrical body with air jet holes. This requires a precise fit between the lower plug and the cylindrical body. However, for complex materials like heavy oil, even a small amount of fine solid particles contaminating the contact surface between the lower plug and the cylindrical body can cause the lower plug to move poorly, resulting in a failure of the sealing function.

[0049] This invention overcomes the aforementioned problems, allowing the cone core 2 to contact the base 1 via a conical inclined surface with a specific angle, enabling it to move freely up and down without being obstructed laterally by the inner surface of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1. This improves the reliability of the moving parts.

[0050] To further explain, when air is intake, the gas pushes the cone core 2 upwards, pressing against the cross-shaped baffle of the top cover 3. For example... Figure 4 As shown, a gas outlet 9 is formed between the bottom surface 7 of the base and the bottom surface 8 of the cone core. The gas outlet 9 is partially blocked by a cross-shaped baffle on the upper part of the top cover 3. Therefore, the width L of the cross-shaped baffle should be as small as possible. The direction in which the gas is ejected from the gas outlet 9 is determined by the cone apex angle α of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1. An excessively small cone apex angle α is not conducive to the uniform radial distribution of gas in the slurry bed reactor.

[0051] To determine the ideal range of the cone apex angle α of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of base 1, computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the gas-liquid flow distribution near the gas nozzle.

[0052] Figure 5 This shows the change in gas content within a 100mm radius around the nozzle of a gas distributor with different α values ​​as a function of intake time.

[0053] The data analysis results are shown in the table below:

[0054] The simulation results show that increasing the cone apex angle α of the frustum-shaped channel of base 1 from 30° to 60° significantly improves the gas distribution around the nozzle. Further increasing the cone apex angle α of the frustum-shaped channel of base 1 to 90°, although the average gas content continues to increase, the rate of increase decreases, and due to the non-uniformity of the gas phase distribution, the fluctuation of the gas content over time intensifies.

[0055] This indicates that limiting the cone apex angle α of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base 1 to 30° < α < 120° is reasonable in this invention. Furthermore, under the preferred condition of 45° ≤ α ≤ 90° provided by this invention, a more stable and efficient gas phase distribution can be obtained.

[0056] The above description is merely a few embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application in any way. Although this application discloses preferred embodiments as described above, it is not intended to limit this application. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application using the disclosed technical content are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases and fall within the scope of the technical solution.

Claims

1. A gas distributor nozzle for preventing slurry backflow and blockage of a gas supply pipeline, characterized in that, include: The base is a vertical cylindrical shape with openings at both ends along the axis and a funnel-shaped channel inside. A conical core, which is conical in shape, is configured to be movably disposed within a channel of the base, with the cone apex facing downwards; The top cover is a vertical cylindrical shape with openings at both ends along the axis and cylindrical channels inside. The top cover is connected to the base. The cone core moves up and down within the base channel in response to the air intake pressure to form a gas channel when air is intake, and falls back and seals the channel when air is stopped, thereby preventing slurry backflow.

2. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the trumpet-shaped channel of the base is an inverted frustum shape, and the lower part is a cylinder; In this case, the lower base circle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel coincides with the upper base circle of the cylindrical channel, and the cone apex of the inverted frustum-shaped channel is located inside the cylindrical channel.

3. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diameter of the upper bottom surface of the inverted frustum-shaped channel is D1, and the diameter of the lower bottom surface is D2, satisfying that D2 < D1.

4. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cone apex angle of the cone core is equal to the cone apex angle of the inverted frustum-shaped channel of the base, and the bottom diameter of the cone core is D3, satisfying D2 < D3 < D1.

5. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The apex angle of the frustum-shaped channel of the base and the apex angle of the cone core are both α, satisfying 30°<α<120°.

6. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cone apex angle α satisfies 45°≤α≤90°.

7. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom diameter of the cylindrical channel in the top cover is D4, which satisfies D4 > D1.

8. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top cover is provided with a baffle plate, which is cross-shaped and used to limit the upward height of the cone core.

9. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The width of the baffle is L, which satisfies L < D4 / 5.

10. The gas distributor nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base and the top cover are fixed by a threaded connection, and the nozzle is vertically mounted on the gas distributor through the second external thread at the lower end of the base, which is suitable for the heavy oil hydrogenation reaction process in a slurry bed reactor.

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