A gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer flow guiding trays, it is related to chemical equipment technical field, including tray and three-dimensional mass transfer flow guiding unit, multiple plate holes are set on tray, the upper portion of plate hole is correspondingly provided with the three-dimensional mass transfer flow guiding unit, and gap for liquid flow is equipped between tray and three-dimensional mass transfer flow guiding unit;Adopt the unique V-shaped peak valley flow guiding structure of M-shaped roof, guide gas-liquid mixed phase to flow to the both sides of M-shaped roof, significantly reduce flow resistance, reduce tray pressure drop;The flow guiding hole on three-dimensional mass transfer flow guiding unit can effectively guide liquid phase to flow downward tangentially, while gas phase flows to the upper of tray, it is favorable to gas-liquid separation, reduce mist entrainment, strengthen mass transfer process.The asymmetric design structure between two trapezoidal end plates guides gas-liquid mixed phase to flow from liquid receiving tray direction to downcomer plate direction, reduces liquid level gradient on tray, improves gas-liquid contact stability, improves separation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical equipment technology, and in particular to a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray. Background Technology

[0002] Plate columns are key equipment used for mass transfer and separation in the petroleum and chemical industries, and are widely used in unit operations such as extraction, distillation, and absorption. Plate columns have advantages such as large throughput and low cost, but traditional trays suffer from problems such as easy clogging, low mass transfer efficiency, and severe mist entrainment. For plate columns, the tray is the main gas-liquid and liquid-liquid contact unit; therefore, the performance of the tray not only affects the separation efficiency and operational stability of the product, but also the production capacity, energy consumption, and cost of the equipment.

[0003] Plate towers mainly include bubble cap towers, sieve plate towers, valve train towers, and jet towers. Bubble cap towers were the earliest type, offering high operational flexibility but low throughput and high pressure drop. Sieve plate towers, which developed later, have a simple structure and low pressure drop, but limited operational flexibility and are prone to clogging. Valve train towers are an improvement on bubble cap towers, offering high operational flexibility and efficiency, but their complex structure makes them susceptible to wear. The latest development, jet towers, offer high throughput and efficiency, but limited operational flexibility, prone to leakage at low loads, and prone to mist entrainment at high loads.

[0004] The earliest vertical sieve tray (patent number US3633882A, developed by Mitsui Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. of Japan from 1963 to 1968) was a three-dimensional co-current jet tray, which opened the prelude to the research of three-dimensional mass transfer trays. Its structure consists of several large circular holes on the tray, with cylindrical caps installed on the holes, and sieve holes on the side walls of the caps. This allows mass transfer to occur throughout the entire tray space, creating a large contact area for two-phase mass transfer and improving mass transfer efficiency. Subsequent developments included patents for other shapes such as semi-circular and rectangular (patent number US3779528A). Based on this, a rectangular three-dimensional jet tray (patent number CN2173111Y) was developed domestically. It uses a trapezoidal rectangular cap unit and effectively reduces mist entrainment through improvements in the design of the cap, separation plate, and gas phase channel. Subsequent improvements, such as patent CN222789254U, propose a composite structure that adds baffles to both sides of the top plate of the cap, with sieve holes on the baffles. This combines the advantages of sieve trays and three-dimensional mass transfer trays, further reducing mist entrainment, improving mass transfer efficiency, and increasing the upper limit of operating load. However, this structure still has shortcomings in adapting to high-load conditions and complex conditions containing particulate or viscous materials. Moreover, existing vertical sieve trays still have room for improvement in energy saving, consumption reduction, and further increasing production efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of three-dimensional mass transfer tray. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray to solve the problems existing in the prior art, enhance adaptability to different materials and operating conditions, improve mass transfer efficiency and operational stability, reduce energy consumption, and promote the development of chemical separation technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution: This utility model provides a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guiding tray, including a tray and a three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. The tray has multiple perforations, and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is correspondingly positioned above each perforation. A gap for liquid flow is provided between the tray and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. The three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit includes a trapezoidal end plate one, a trapezoidal end plate two, an M-shaped top plate, and two rectangular side plates. The two sides of trapezoidal end plate one and trapezoidal end plate two are welded and fixed to the two ends of the two rectangular side plates, respectively. The top edge of trapezoidal end plate one and the top edge of trapezoidal end plate two are welded and fixed to the two ends of the M-shaped top plate, respectively. Guide holes are provided on both sides of the M-shaped top plate. A gap for gas-liquid flow is reserved between the rectangular side plates and the M-shaped top plate. The three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is fixed to the tray by welding or bolts.

[0007] In one embodiment, V-shaped peaks and valleys are formed on the top of both the trapezoidal end plate one and the top of the trapezoidal end plate two.

[0008] In one embodiment, the V-shaped peaks and valleys at the top of the first trapezoidal end plate and the top of the second trapezoidal end plate are interlocked and welded together with the V-shaped peaks and valleys of the M-shaped top plate.

[0009] In one embodiment, an end baffle is connected to one end of the M-shaped top plate near the liquid leveling plate. The end baffle is rectangular and its width is smaller than the width of the M-shaped top plate.

[0010] In one embodiment, the upper part of the end baffle has a V-shaped peak and valley, and the surface of the end baffle has circular air holes.

[0011] In one embodiment, the upper part of the trapezoidal end plate one is provided with an air hole, and the lower part of the trapezoidal end plate one is provided with a guide hole, and the air hole is circular in shape; the trapezoidal end plate two is not provided with any holes.

[0012] In one embodiment, the rectangular side plate has an elongated hole in the area covered by the projection of the M-shaped top plate, and a guide hole is formed in the area not covered by the projection.

[0013] In one embodiment, the flow guide holes are located on the surface of the wall panel, and a flow guide plate is disposed above each flow guide hole, the flow guide plate being formed by stamping the wall panel.

[0014] In one embodiment, the opening of the guide plate is semi-trapezoidal, and the length, width, radius and height of the guide plate are flexibly set according to the actual material characteristics and operating conditions.

[0015] In one embodiment, the diameter of the plate hole is 50-80mm, the center distance between two adjacent plate holes is 120-150mm, and each plate hole is arranged in an equilateral triangle; the number of the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding units corresponds one-to-one with the plate holes, and the bottom projection area of ​​a single three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit covers 1.2-1.5 times the area of ​​the plate hole.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical advantages over the prior art: This utility model discloses a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guiding tray, comprising a tray and a three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. Multiple perforations are formed on the tray, and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is positioned above each perforation. A gap for liquid flow is provided between the tray and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. A unique V-shaped peak-valley guiding structure with an M-shaped top plate guides the gas-liquid mixture to flow towards both sides of the M-shaped top plate, significantly reducing flow resistance and tray pressure drop. The guiding holes on the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit effectively guide the liquid phase downwards tangentially, while the gas phase flows upwards towards the tray, facilitating gas-liquid separation, reducing mist entrainment, and enhancing the mass transfer process. The asymmetrical design between the two trapezoidal end plates guides the gas-liquid mixture from the receiving tray direction to the descending tray direction, reducing the liquid level gradient on the tray, improving gas-liquid contact stability, and increasing separation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray; Figure 2 This is a front view of a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray; Figure 3 This is a side view of a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray. Figure 4 This is a rear side view of the gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first type of guide hole structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the guide hole; 1. Tray; 2. Tray holes; 3. Trapezoidal end plate one; 4. Trapezoidal end plate two; 5. Rectangular side plate; 6. M-shaped top plate; 7. V-shaped peak and valley; 8. End baffle; 9. Flow guide hole; 10. Flow guide plate; 11. Oblong hole; 12. Vent. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer tray that can reduce pressure drop, decrease mist entrainment, increase operational flexibility, improve mass transfer efficiency, and resist clogging.

[0021] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this utility model provides a gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guiding tray, including a tray 1 and a three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. Multiple perforations 2 are formed on the tray 1, and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is correspondingly arranged above the perforations 2. A gap for liquid flow is provided between the tray 1 and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. The three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is composed of a trapezoidal end plate 3, a trapezoidal end plate 4, a rectangular side plate 5, and an M-shaped top plate 6. The two sides of the trapezoidal end plate 3 and the trapezoidal end plate 4 are respectively connected to the rectangular side plate. The two ends of the rectangular side plate 5 are welded and fixed, and the top edge is welded and fixed to the two ends of the M-shaped top plate 6. The M-shaped top plate 6 has flow guide holes 9 on both sides. One end of the M-shaped top plate 6 is connected to an end baffle 8 with a circular air hole 12. A gap for gas-liquid flow is reserved between the rectangular side plate 5 and the M-shaped top plate 6. The rectangular side plate 5 has an elongated hole 11 in the area covered by the projection of the M-shaped top plate 6, and flow guide holes 9 are opened in the area not covered by the projection. The three-dimensional mass transfer flow guide unit is fixed to the tower plate by welding or bolts.

[0023] In this embodiment, the gap height for liquid flow between the tray and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is 5-30 mm, and the gap height for gas-liquid flow formed by the rectangular side plate and the M-shaped top plate is 10-50 mm. The gap height for liquid flow between the plate orifice 2 and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is preferably 15 mm. The diameter of the plate orifice 2 is 50-80 mm, and the center distance between adjacent plate orifices 2 is 120-150 mm, arranged in an equilateral triangle. The number of three-dimensional mass transfer guiding units corresponds one-to-one with the plate orifice 2, and the bottom projection area of ​​a single three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit covers 1.2-1.5 times the area of ​​the plate orifice 2. The gap height for gas-liquid flow formed by the rectangular side plate 5 and the M-shaped top plate 6 is 20 mm. Both trapezoidal end plate 3 and trapezoidal end plate 4 have V-shaped peaks and valleys 7 on their upper parts, which are interlocked and welded to the V-shaped peaks and valleys 7 of the M-shaped top plate 6. The V-shaped peaks and valleys guide the gas-liquid mixture to flow to both sides of the M-shaped top plate 6, greatly reducing flow resistance and reducing pressure drop on the tray. The included angle of the V-shaped peaks and valleys 7 is 15° to 120°, preferably 30° to 90°. The upper surface of trapezoidal end plate 3 has circular vent holes 12, and the lower surface has flow guide holes 9 formed by stamping the plate surface. The surface of trapezoidal end plate 4 does not have any holes. This asymmetrical design helps guide the gas and liquid to flow from the receiving tray to the descending tray, greatly reducing the liquid level gradient on the tray.

[0024] The structural parameters of the M-shaped top plate 6 have been optimized: the width of the upper opening of the V-shaped peak and valley of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 0.4-0.6 times the width of the trapezoidal end plate 3; the total width of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 3-4 times the width of the trapezoidal end plate 3; the total length of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 1-1.5 times the length of the rectangular side plate 5; the length of the end of the M-shaped top plate 6 closest to the trapezoidal end plate 3 is slightly longer; the side height of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 1 / 4-1 / 3 of the height of the trapezoidal end plate 3; the angle between the two sides and the horizontal plane of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 30°-90°; and the two sides of the M-shaped top plate 6 are provided with 15°-60° inclined guide holes 9 formed by stamping the plate surface.

[0025] In one embodiment, the width of the upper opening of the V-shaped peak and valley of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 0.5 times the width of the trapezoidal end plate 3, the total width of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 3.2 times the width of the trapezoidal end plate 3, the total length of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 1.3 times the length of the rectangular side plate 5, the length of the M-shaped top plate 6 closer to the trapezoidal end plate 3 is slightly longer, the height of the two sides of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 1 / 3 of the height of the trapezoidal end plate 3, the angle between the two sides and the horizontal plane of the M-shaped top plate 6 is 90°, and the two sides of the M-shaped top plate 6 are provided with 45° inclined guide holes 9 formed by stamping the plate surface.

[0026] The M-shaped top plate 6 is connected to the end baffle 8 near the liquid dropper. The end baffle 8 is rectangular in shape, with a V-shaped peak and valley 7 on the top and circular air holes 12 on the surface. Together with the air holes 12 on the upper part of the trapezoidal end plate 3, it guides part of the gas-liquid mixed phase flow to the next three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. The width of the end baffle 8 is smaller than the width of the M-shaped top plate 6.

[0027] Elongated holes 11 are formed on the rectangular side plate 5 in the area covered by the projection of the M-shaped top plate 6 to enhance anti-clogging performance; in the uncovered area, guide holes 9 are formed by stamping the plate surface. The guide holes 9 are located on the wall plate surface, and guide plates 10 are arranged at a certain height H above each guide hole 9. The guide plates 10 are formed by stamping the wall plate, so that the gas-liquid medium flows downward and tangentially deflected relative to the wall plate. The opening surface is semi-trapezoidal, and its length L, width W, radius R and height H are flexibly set according to the actual material characteristics and operating conditions. The elongated holes 11 consist of a rectangular channel in the middle and semi-circular openings at both ends. The length L of the rectangular channel is 0-20mm and the width R is 5-20mm. The center distance between adjacent elongated holes 11 is 10-30mm laterally and 10-20mm longitudinally. The arrangement is uniform or staggered. The length of the guide holes 9 is 20-30mm and the width is 10-15mm.

[0028] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the guide hole 9 has two forms. Figure 5 The diagram shows a flow guide hole (first structure): After the flow guide hole 9 and the flow guide plate 10 are formed by stamping on the wall plate, the left and right sides of the flow guide hole 9 are open and unobstructed. Therefore, the flow guide hole 9 forms a channel with three open sides. Due to the open sides, the gas-liquid mixture can be ejected not only from the front but also diffused from the left and right sides when passing through the flow guide hole 9. This structure creates a wider jet angle and a larger coverage area, which can create a broader, turbulent swirling field within the tower. Its advantage lies in its ability to more violently agitate the space below the tray, making it suitable for operating conditions that require enhanced mass transfer processes, thereby improving mass transfer efficiency by increasing fluid disturbance. Figure 6 The flow guide hole (second structure) shown in the diagram is an example of the first structure where baffles are added to the left and right sides of the flow guide hole 9 to seal them off. Therefore, the flow guide hole 9 forms a channel with an opening on only one side of the front. Because the sides are sealed, the gas-liquid mixture is strictly confined to ejecting only from the front of the flow guide hole. This structure produces a concentrated jet with stronger kinetic energy, generating a directional jet with a fixed direction and stronger penetrating power. Its advantage lies in its ability to more precisely control the fluid direction, such as guiding the fluid to accurately impact downstream trays or specific areas. It is suitable for applications requiring the avoidance of fluid short-circuiting, strict control of the flow path, or the need for stronger axial thrust.

[0029] In one embodiment, the elongated hole 11 consists of a central rectangular channel and semi-circular openings at both ends. The rectangular channel is preferably 14 mm long and 11 mm wide. The center distance between adjacent elongated holes 11 is 28 mm horizontally and 20 mm vertically, and they are evenly arranged. The guide hole 9 is preferably 20 mm long and 12 mm wide.

[0030] The working principle of the gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray is as follows: Gas rises from below tray 1 through perforations 2. Liquid on tray 1 flows into the unit through the gap between the tray and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit, where gas and liquid initially mix to form a gas-liquid mixture. Most of the gas-liquid mixture flows to both sides of the M-shaped top plate 6 under the guidance of the V-shaped peaks and valleys 7, and is ejected through the gap between the M-shaped top plate 6 and the rectangular side plates 5. The guide holes 9 on the side of the M-shaped top plate 6 further guide the fluid downward in a tangential motion, thus initially achieving gas-liquid separation. A small portion of the gas-liquid mixture flows from the "receiving plate" to the "falling plate," and is ejected through the vents 12 on the upper part of the trapezoidal end plate 3 and the vents 12 on the upper part of the end baffle 8. The guide holes 9 at the lower part of the trapezoidal end plate 3 guide a portion of the gas-liquid mixture to flow to the next three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. At the same time, the guide holes 9 on the rectangular side plate 5, together with the guide plate 10, make the gas-liquid medium flow downward tangentially, generating swirling flow in the space below the tray 1, which enhances the gas-liquid separation effect. The rectangular side plate 5 is provided with elongated holes 11 in the projected coverage area. Its structure of "rectangular channel in the middle and semi-circular openings at both ends" can reduce the clogging and accumulation of particles in the holes, thereby significantly improving the anti-clogging ability of the tray. The overall structure achieves enhanced gas-liquid mass transfer through secondary guiding and swirling flow fields, reduces mist entrainment, and adapts to high load and complex material conditions.

[0031] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray, characterized in that: The device includes a tray and a three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. The tray has multiple perforations, and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is positioned above each perforation. A gap for liquid flow is provided between the tray and the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit. The three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit includes a trapezoidal end plate 1, a trapezoidal end plate 2, an M-shaped top plate, and two rectangular side plates. The two sides of trapezoidal end plate 1 and trapezoidal end plate 2 are welded and fixed to the ends of the two rectangular side plates, respectively. The top edge of trapezoidal end plate 1 and the top edge of trapezoidal end plate 2 are welded and fixed to the ends of the M-shaped top plate, respectively. The M-shaped top plate has flow guiding holes on both sides. A gap for gas-liquid flow is reserved between the rectangular side plates and the M-shaped top plate. The three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit is fixed to the tray by welding or bolts.

2. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the top of the trapezoidal end plate one and the top of the trapezoidal end plate two are provided with V-shaped peaks and valleys.

3. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 2, characterized in that: The V-shaped peaks and valleys at the top of trapezoidal end plate one and trapezoidal end plate two are interlocked and welded to the V-shaped peaks and valleys of the M-shaped top plate.

4. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 3, characterized in that: The M-shaped top plate is connected to an end baffle at one end near the liquid leveling plate. The end baffle is rectangular and its width is smaller than that of the M-shaped top plate.

5. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper part of the end baffle has a V-shaped peak and valley, and the surface of the end baffle has circular air holes.

6. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the trapezoidal end plate one is provided with an air hole, and the lower part of the trapezoidal end plate one is provided with a guide hole. The air hole is circular in shape. The trapezoidal end plate two is not provided with any holes.

7. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular side plate has an elongated hole in the area covered by the projection of the M-shaped top plate, and a guide hole in the area not covered by the projection.

8. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide holes are located on the surface of the wall panel, and a flow guide plate is provided above each flow guide hole. The flow guide plate is formed by stamping the wall panel.

9. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 8, characterized in that: The opening of the guide plate is semi-trapezoidal, and the length, width, radius and height of the guide plate are flexibly set according to the actual material characteristics and operating conditions.

10. The gas-liquid three-dimensional mass transfer guide tray according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the plate holes is 50-80mm, the center distance between two adjacent plate holes is 120-150mm, and the plate holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle; the number of the three-dimensional mass transfer guiding units corresponds one-to-one with the plate holes, and the bottom projection area of ​​a single three-dimensional mass transfer guiding unit covers 1.2-1.5 times the area of ​​the plate hole.

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