Split laser cutting head

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of split type laser cutting heads, the laser cutting head includes the cutting head body and cutting nozzle capable of coaxial assembly, first annular electromagnet is fixedly arranged in the bottom of cutting head body, annular epitaxy is arranged in the top of cutting nozzle, and the bottom surface of first annular electromagnet is compatible with the top surface of annular epitaxy, by electrical control, first annular electromagnet generates magnetic force to adsorb annular epitaxy, by annular epitaxy, cutting nozzle is integrally adsorbed to the lower end of cutting head body, and the coaxial connection of cutting head body and cutting nozzle is realized;The magnetic force of first annular electromagnet disappears, then cutting head body and cutting nozzle can be separated.The utility model is connected or separated by the electricity or power loss of annular electromagnet, the connection or separation of cutting head body and cutting nozzle, cutting head body directly carries out pre-perforation operation to avoid that high-pressure gas drives smoke dust to impact workpiece surface, smoke dust generated when laser cutting head carries out trajectory cutting is discharged from the through hole formed by pre-perforation, ensure that workpiece surface is clean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser processing technology, specifically a split-type laser cutting head that can reduce dust on the surface of workpieces during use. Background Technology

[0002] In existing laser cutting equipment, an auxiliary working gas is usually coaxially set at the laser cutting head's output port during cutting operations. This gas is output coaxially with the laser beam, and its main purpose is to blow away the slag and dust generated in the cutting area to prevent dust from contaminating the optical lens and to assist the cutting process.

[0003] However, this conventional air blowing method has a significant drawback. In order to effectively remove the smoke and dust in the cutting kerf, the working gas usually needs to maintain a high pressure and flow rate. After impacting the workpiece surface, this high-speed, high-pressure airflow will form complex turbulence and vortices. Under the action of these vortices, some of the smoke and dust containing high-temperature molten slag particles will be splashed again by the airflow and adhere to the workpiece surface.

[0004] This kind of dust buildup can negatively impact product quality and subsequent processing efficiency, for example: 1. Affects product appearance: Dust adhering to the surface of materials will form a layer of stains that are difficult to remove, affecting the visual appearance of the workpiece.

[0005] 2. Hinders subsequent processes: Dust particles adhering to the mating surfaces or positioning holes of the workpiece will directly affect the assembly accuracy; or they may adhere to the area to be welded, hindering the fusion between the base materials and resulting in weak welds.

[0006] 3. Increased costs: In order to meet the processing requirements of subsequent processes, laser-cut workpieces need to undergo an additional cleaning process to remove attached dust. This not only increases the costs of manpower, equipment and consumables, but also causes environmental pollution due to the wastewater generated, which does not meet the requirements of clean production.

[0007] While the existing "high-pressure air blowing" fume extraction method effectively protects the cutting head, it also contaminates the workpiece itself. Therefore, the industry urgently needs a new type of laser cutting equipment and process to significantly reduce or avoid the adhesion of fumes to the workpiece surface, thereby simplifying the production process and reducing processing costs. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the prior art by providing a split-type laser cutting head. When using this laser cutting head for laser cutting, the phenomenon of smoke and dust adhesion can be significantly reduced, and the processed workpiece can proceed to the next process without cleaning.

[0009] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: A split-type laser cutting head, characterized in that: the laser cutting head includes a cutting head body and a cutting nozzle that can be coaxially assembled; a first annular electromagnet is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the cutting head body; an annular extension is provided at the top of the cutting nozzle, and the bottom surface of the first annular electromagnet is adapted to the top surface of the annular extension; the first annular electromagnet generates magnetic force through electrical control to attract the annular extension, and the annular extension carries the cutting nozzle to the lower end of the cutting head body, thus achieving a coaxial connection between the cutting head body and the cutting nozzle; when the magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet disappears, the cutting head body and the cutting nozzle can be separated.

[0010] The cutting nozzle is fixedly fitted with a cutting nozzle sleeve, and the annular extension is arranged on the circumference of the cutting nozzle sleeve.

[0011] The cutting nozzle sleeve has an upwardly protruding portion relative to the annular extension, and this upwardly protruding portion can be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting head body at the first annular electromagnet.

[0012] The lower part of the convex portion has a sloping structure, which facilitates the embedding of the convex portion into the inner cavity of the cutting head body.

[0013] The upper edge of the cutting nozzle is lower than the upper edge of the cutting nozzle sleeve and the upper edge of the cutting nozzle is higher than the upper plane of the annular extension.

[0014] The upper surface of the annular extension is provided with a top positioning protrusion and the bottom of the first annular electromagnet is provided with a bottom positioning groove.

[0015] The laser cutting head is equipped with a cutting nozzle docking station. A second annular electromagnet is disposed on the shoulder of the cutting nozzle docking station. The upper surface of the second annular electromagnet is adapted to the bottom surface of the annular extension. When the first annular electromagnet is working, the cutting nozzle of the laser cutting head falls into the inner cavity of the second annular electromagnet, and the bottom surface of the annular extension falls on the upper surface of the second annular electromagnet. The magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet is eliminated by electrical control, and the magnetic force of the second annular electromagnet is generated by electrical control to attract the annular extension, so that the cutting nozzle stays at the cutting nozzle docking station and the cutting head body can leave.

[0016] The cutting nozzle sleeve has a downward extension relative to the annular outer extension, and the downward extension can be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle resting groove that houses the second annular electromagnet.

[0017] The top of the lower extension has an inverted conical surface structure, which facilitates the lower extension to be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle resting groove.

[0018] The second annular electromagnet has a top positioning groove on its upper part and a bottom positioning protrusion on the lower plane of its annular extension.

[0019] The top positioning protrusion and the bottom positioning protrusion on the annular extension are arranged around the circumference and are staggered.

[0020] To further illustrate the split laser cutting head provided by this utility model, we will now describe it from three aspects: auxiliary gas, pre-piercing, and processing efficiency.

[0021] 1. Assist gas: In order to protect the optical lenses in the laser cutting head from being contaminated by smoke and dust, and to disperse the smoke and dust generated during cutting, there is always an auxiliary gas coaxial with the optical path in the laser cutting head, which is output from the light outlet at the end of the cutting nozzle. Since the diameter of the light outlet at the end of the cutting nozzle is only about 2mm, the working gas pressure is very high when it is output from the light outlet.

[0022] 2. Pre-piercing: Laser cutting is generally divided into two steps: pre-piercing and trajectory cutting. Pre-piercing involves using a higher-power laser to ablate the starting point of the cutting trajectory, forming a through hole on the workpiece. Then, a lower-power laser is used to complete the trajectory cutting starting from this through hole. Therefore, more smoke and dust will be generated in the pre-piercing stage.

[0023] 3. Processing efficiency: From the perspective of the laser cutting process alone, the efficiency of the improved laser cutting is not high, because the cutting nozzle needs to be removed in the pre-piercing stage and then reinstalled in the trajectory cutting stage, resulting in slightly lower cutting efficiency. However, since there is no dust adhering to the surface of the workpiece using this split laser cutting head, the subsequent cleaning and drying processes are eliminated, so the overall processing efficiency of the workpiece is higher. At the same time, it also saves the investment in equipment, manpower and wastewater treatment in the cleaning and drying process, thus reducing costs.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The split laser cutting head provided by this utility model connects or separates the cutting head body and the cutting nozzle through a cutting head body equipped with a ring electromagnet. The cutting nozzle is placed when the cutting head body and the cutting nozzle are separated by setting a cutting nozzle docking station with a ring electromagnet. In the pre-piercing stage of laser cutting, the cutting head body and the cutting nozzle are separated, and the cutting head body directly performs the pre-piercing operation, reducing the auxiliary gas pressure during pre-piercing and avoiding high-pressure gas carrying dust that impacts the workpiece surface. In the laser trajectory cutting stage, the cutting head body and the cutting nozzle are connected, and the cutting head body with the cutting nozzle performs trajectory cutting. At this time, the auxiliary gas carries the dust out from the through hole formed by the pre-piercing, ensuring the cleanliness of the workpiece surface. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Appendix Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the split laser cutting head provided by this utility model; Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the cutting nozzle and the cutting nozzle sleeve provided by this utility model; Appendix Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along axis AA; Appendix Figure 4 This is a front view of the nozzle docking station provided by this utility model; Appendix Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the nozzle docking station provided by this utility model; Appendix Figure 6 Axonometric view of the nozzle docking station provided by this utility model; Appendix Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the modular laser cutting head and nozzle docking station assembly provided by this utility model.

[0026] Wherein: 1—cutting head body; 11—first annular electromagnet; 2—cutting nozzle; 21—cutting nozzle sleeve; 211—annular extension; 3—cutting nozzle docking station; 31—second annular electromagnet. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0028] The terms “a,” “one,” “the,” and “the” are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “including” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended meaning of inclusion and that other elements / components / etc. may exist in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0029] like Figure 1-7As shown: A split-type laser cutting head includes a cutting head body 1 and a cutting nozzle 2 that can be coaxially assembled. A first annular electromagnet 11 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the cutting head body 1, and an annular extension 211 is provided at the top of the cutting nozzle 2. The bottom surface of the first annular electromagnet 11 is adapted to the top surface of the annular extension 211. Through electrical control, the first annular electromagnet 11 generates magnetic force to attract the annular extension 211. The annular extension 211 carries the cutting nozzle 2 and is attracted to the lower end of the cutting head body 1, realizing the coaxial connection between the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2. When the magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet 11 disappears, the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2 can be separated. Based on this, the laser cutting head is equipped with a cutting nozzle docking station 3. A second annular electromagnet 31 is disposed on the shoulder of the cutting nozzle docking station 3. The upper surface of the second annular electromagnet 31 is adapted to the bottom surface of the annular extension 211. When the first annular electromagnet 11 is working, the cutting nozzle 2 of the laser cutting head falls into the inner cavity of the second annular electromagnet 31, and the bottom surface of the annular extension 211 falls on the upper surface of the second annular electromagnet 31. The magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet 11 is eliminated by electrical control, and the magnetic force of the second annular electromagnet 31 is generated by electrical control to attract the annular extension 211, so that the cutting nozzle 2 stays at the cutting nozzle docking station 3 and the cutting head body 1 can leave.

[0030] In the above structure, a cutting nozzle sleeve 21 is fixedly sleeved around the cutting nozzle 2. An annular extension 211 is arranged on the circumference of the cutting nozzle sleeve 21. The upper edge of the cutting nozzle 2 is lower than the upper edge of the cutting nozzle sleeve 21 and the upper edge of the cutting nozzle 2 is higher than the upper plane of the annular extension 211. In order to accurately position, a top positioning protrusion is arranged on the upper plane of the annular extension 211 and a bottom positioning groove is arranged at the bottom of the first annular electromagnet 11. A top positioning groove is arranged on the upper part of the second annular electromagnet 31 and a bottom positioning protrusion is arranged on the lower plane of the annular extension 211. The top positioning protrusion and the bottom positioning protrusion on the annular extension 211 are arranged around the circumference and are staggered.

[0031] In the above structure, the cutting nozzle sleeve 21 has an upward convex portion relative to the annular extension 211, and the upward convex portion can be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting head body 1 at the first annular electromagnet 11. The lower part of the upward convex portion is a slope structure, which facilitates the insertion of the upward convex portion into the inner cavity of the cutting head body 1. The cutting nozzle sleeve 21 has a downward extending portion relative to the annular extension 211, and the downward extending portion can be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle resting groove of the second annular electromagnet 31. The top of the downward extending portion is an inverted conical surface structure, which facilitates the insertion of the downward extending portion into the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle resting groove. Example

[0032] like Figure 1-7As shown: A split laser cutting head includes a cutting head body 1 and a cutting nozzle 2. The cutting nozzle 2 is located at the lower end of the cutting head body 1 and can be coaxially connected to the cutting head body 1. The cutting nozzle 2 can be removed from the cutting head body 1 and temporarily stored on the cutting nozzle docking station 3. A first annular electromagnet 11 is fixedly sleeved on the lower part of the cutting head body 1, and a second annular electromagnet 31 corresponding to the first annular electromagnet 11 is set on the cutting nozzle docking station 3. A cutting nozzle sleeve 21 is fixedly sleeved around the cutting nozzle, and the cutting nozzle sleeve 21 has an annular extension 211 that matches the cross-sectional shape of the annular electromagnet. Through electrical control, the first annular electromagnet 11 can generate magnetic force, which attracts the annular extension 211 of the cutting nozzle sleeve 21. The annular extension 211 carries the cutting nozzle 2 and is attracted to the lower end of the cutting head body 1, realizing the coaxial connection between the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2. Similarly, through electrical control, the magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet 11 can be eliminated, and the second annular electromagnet 31 can generate magnetic force. The magnetic force of the second annular electromagnet 31 attracts the annular extension 211 of the cutting nozzle sleeve 21, which carries the cutting nozzle 2 and is attracted to the cutting nozzle docking station 3, realizing the separation of the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2.

[0033] The method of using the split-type laser cutting head provided by this utility model is as follows: S1: Cutting nozzle separation: The laser cutting head with cutting nozzle 2 runs to the top of the cutting nozzle docking station 3. The control center controls the first annular electromagnet 11 to demagnetize, while the second annular electromagnet 31 is magnetized. As a result, the annular outer extension 211 of the cutting nozzle sleeve 21 separates from the first annular electromagnet 11 and is attracted by the second annular electromagnet 31, so that the cutting nozzle 2 and the cutting head body 1 are separated and temporarily stored on the cutting nozzle docking station 3. S2: Laser pre-piercing: Turn on the laser, and the control center controls the cutting head body 1 without the nozzle 2 to perform pre-piercing operation at the starting position of one or more cutting trajectories, forming a micro-hole with a diameter of 0.2mm to 0.3mm at each starting position; S3: Cutting nozzle connection: The cutting head body 1 without cutting nozzle 2 runs to the top of the cutting nozzle docking station 3. The control center controls the first annular electromagnet 11 to be magnetized and the second annular electromagnet 31 to be demagnetized at the same time, so that the cutting nozzle 2 is coaxially connected to the bottom of the cutting head body 1. S4: Laser cutting: The control center controls the laser cutting head with nozzle 2 to complete one or more trajectories of cutting according to the cutting path set in the cutting program.

[0034] As can be seen from the above usage method, the improved cutting process first uses the cutting head body 1 without the cutting nozzle 2 to complete the pre-piercing operation at the starting position of the cutting trajectory, and then uses the cutting head body 1 with the cutting nozzle 2 to perform the complete trajectory cutting. Compared with the existing technology, which directly uses the cutting head body 1 with the cutting nozzle 2 to perform the complete cutting operation, the comparison is as follows: 1. Pre-piercing: In the prior art, the laser cutting head uses a cutting head body 1 with a cutting nozzle 2 for laser pre-piercing. The light outlet of the cutting nozzle 2 is very small, resulting in a high output pressure of the auxiliary gas. Before the workpiece is completely pierced, the dust generated during cutting has no outlet. The high-pressure auxiliary gas propels the dust to impact the workpiece, causing the dust to adhere to the workpiece surface. The split laser cutting head of this utility model uses a cutting head body 1 with a cutting nozzle 2 for laser pre-piercing. The opening of the cutting head body 1 is very large, and the output auxiliary gas pressure is relatively small. At the same time, a ventilation device is used to extract the dust near the cutting station, preventing the dust generated during cutting from adhering to the workpiece surface.

[0035] 2. Track cutting: In the prior art, when the laser cutting head pre-pierces, a large amount of smoke and dust is already attached to the surface of the workpiece, which makes it easier to attract smoke and dust during the track cutting process; The split laser cutting head of this utility model uses a cutting head body 1 with a cutting nozzle 2 for track cutting. The micro-holes formed by pre-piercing can exclude the smoke and dust generated during track cutting and prevent smoke and dust from adhering to the surface of the workpiece.

[0036] The split laser cutting head provided by this utility model connects or separates the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2 through the cutting head body 1 with a ring electromagnet, and places the cutting nozzle 2 when the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2 are separated by setting the cutting nozzle docking station 3 with a ring electromagnet. In the pre-piercing stage of laser cutting, the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2 are separated, and the cutting head body 1 directly performs the pre-piercing operation, reducing the auxiliary gas pressure during pre-piercing and avoiding high-pressure gas carrying dust to impact the workpiece surface. In the laser trajectory cutting stage, the cutting head body 1 and the cutting nozzle 2 are connected, and the cutting head body 1 with the cutting nozzle 2 performs trajectory cutting. At this time, the auxiliary gas carries the dust out from the through hole formed by the pre-piercing, ensuring the cleanliness of the workpiece surface.

[0037] In this embodiment of the invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment of the invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this utility model.

[0039] In this specification, the terms "an embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0040] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed by this utility model shall fall within the scope of protection of this utility model. Technologies not covered by this utility model can be implemented by existing technologies.

Claims

1. A split-type laser cutting head, characterized in that: The laser cutting head includes a cutting head body (1) and a cutting nozzle (2) that can be coaxially assembled. A first annular electromagnet (11) is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the cutting head body (1), and an annular extension (211) is provided at the top of the cutting nozzle (2). The bottom surface of the first annular electromagnet (11) is adapted to the top surface of the annular extension (211). The first annular electromagnet (11) generates magnetic force through electrical control to attract the annular extension (211). The annular extension (211) carries the cutting nozzle (2) to the lower end of the cutting head body (1) and realizes the coaxial connection between the cutting head body (1) and the cutting nozzle (2). When the magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet (11) disappears, the cutting head body (1) and the cutting nozzle (2) can be separated.

2. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting nozzle (2) is fixedly sleeved with a cutting nozzle sleeve (21) on its periphery, and the annular extension (211) is arranged on the circumference of the cutting nozzle sleeve (21).

3. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting nozzle sleeve (21) has an upward convex portion relative to the annular extension (211), and the upward convex portion can be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting head body (1) at the first annular electromagnet (11).

4. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower part of the convex portion is a sloping structure, which facilitates the embedding of the convex portion into the inner cavity of the cutting head body (1).

5. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper edge of the cutting nozzle (2) is lower than the upper edge of the cutting nozzle sleeve (21) and the upper edge of the cutting nozzle (2) is higher than the upper plane of the annular extension (211).

6. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the annular extension (211) is provided with a top positioning protrusion and the bottom of the first annular electromagnet (11) is provided with a bottom positioning groove.

7. The split-type laser cutting head according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The laser cutting head is equipped with a cutting nozzle docking station (3). A second annular electromagnet (31) is disposed on the shoulder of the cutting nozzle docking station (3). The upper surface of the second annular electromagnet (31) is adapted to the bottom surface of the annular extension (211). When the first annular electromagnet (11) is working, the cutting nozzle (2) of the laser cutting head falls into the inner cavity of the second annular electromagnet (31) and the bottom surface of the annular extension (211) falls on the upper surface of the second annular electromagnet (31). The magnetic force of the first annular electromagnet (11) disappears through electrical control, and the magnetic force of the second annular electromagnet (31) is generated through electrical control to attract the annular extension (211), so that the cutting nozzle (2) stays at the cutting nozzle docking station (3) and the cutting head body (1) can leave.

8. The split-type laser cutting head according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that: The cutting nozzle sleeve (21) has a downward extension relative to the annular extension (211), and the downward extension can be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle resting groove of the second annular electromagnet (31).

9. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top of the lower extension has an inverted conical surface structure, which facilitates the lower extension to be embedded in the inner cavity of the cutting nozzle resting groove.

10. The split-type laser cutting head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper part of the second annular electromagnet (31) is provided with a top positioning groove and the lower surface of the annular extension (211) is provided with a bottom positioning protrusion.

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